Relevance. Maintaining the phytosanitary condition of vegetable and melon crops is an important component in the technologies of cultivation of new and promising varieties and hybrids, since losses from diseases of various etiologies reach 30% or more. This determines the need for immunological studies of the resistance of vegetable and melon crops to phytopathogens of various etiologies, where the basis of the strategy for creating new varieties and hybrids is the joint work of a breeder and a phytopathologist. To do this, it is important to conduct an annual study of the species composition in order to identify new harmful objects that have a negative impact on the profitability of production, as well as to develop measures to protect vegetable crops from the most harmful and economically significant pests and diseases.Methodology and Results. The extensive experimental network of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) in various ecological and geographical zones allows testing varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops in various soil and climatic conditions, including evaluating them for the most harmful phytopathogens in these regions. This review article briefly highlights the main stages of the history of development and current trends in phytopathological research in Russia and our center. The most significant achievements of scientists of the FSBSI FSVC are presented, aimed at a comprehensive study of the current state of populations of pathogens on vegetable and melon crops, resistance factors controlling the interaction of organisms in pathosystems, including genetic ones, optimization and development of new methodological approaches in breeding for immunity and scientific justification of recommended modern protection systems.

Relevance. Innovations in modern greenhouse complexes necessitate the creation of new technological cucumber hybrids for them, an important component of which is their comprehensive assessment in production conditions.Materials and methods. In 2023, experiments were conducted in the Krymsk (Krasnodar Territory) SC “Gavrish” with 9 new parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber F1 smooth type in 2 repetitions of 10 plants each. Hybrids were grown in a winter greenhouse under light culture conditions in winter-spring and summer-autumn rotations. The technology of growing the crop is maintained in accordance with the requirements adopted in the V light zone. The assessment of economically valuable features was carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The early and total yields, marketability of the grown hybrids in two crop rotations, the degree of their resistance to real powdery mildew and adaptability of cultivation in crop rotations have been established. A comparative assessment of the potential of new hybrids with the generally accepted F1 analogue of Meva in the region has been carried out.Conclusions. The new parthenocarpic smooth-fruited cucumber hybrids of GC “Gavrish” F1 Metreng, Model 4560/19, Model 166/20 can act as an import substitution.