One of valuable spice-aromatic vegetable of Lamiaceae family is lemony monarda (Monarda citriodora L.) cultivated as nonperennial crop in most of regions of Russian Federation. Information regarding its parentage and biological special aspects are described here in this article. Brief review regarding nutritional quality and pharmaceutical importance as well as description of four cultivars of lemony monarda (which are currently included to Russian State register of selection invention and approved for usage, two of these cultivars Mona Lisa and Simka were selected and cultivated by Federal Scientific Vegetable Center are given here in this article. Main directions for up-to-date selection and application and practical usage of lemony monarda were indicated. In the field of creation of up-to-date vegetable cultivars, one of the main directions is selection of such a cultivars with high content of biologically active compounds for improvement of antioxidative activity and applicability for its cultivation at hydroponic plant with frame area to provide fresh green vegetables for people all year round. Simka cultivar meets requirements mentioned above and can be cultivated at various types of hydroponic plants including horizontal (salad lines, seedling tables) and vertical (multilayer hydroponics) types using natural (drag turf) or artificial (mineral wool blocks) substrates. This article also describes the main elements of technology of cultivation of lemony monarda in the open and protected ground to get green products and seed production. The features of the preparation of raw materials with a high content of biologically active compounds for fresh consumption and as a spicy-aromatic dry seasoning for salads, meat dishes, as a natural preservative and aromatic of jam, tea and other drinks are shown.

The big retail chains incur lot of losses of the fresh fruit and vegetable products, the considerable part of which formed by fresh imported tomatoes. This article presents the results of an experiment conducted at Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of city Krasnodar for the investigation of influence of temperature conditions on tomatoes quality of the “Torbash” sort during storage. As a biochemical parameters of the quality assessment were investigated acidity, dissolved dry matter content, ascorbic acid and sugars content. Correlation analysis of the data with a changing parameter “temperature” has revealed dependence of the vitamin C content on glucose and the total content of sugars 240 hours after storage. Analysis of data on vitamin C and glucose at a fixed factor “storage time” has showed a high correlation of these parameters at a temperature of 18°С, at 22°С the correlation is moderate. Moderate correlation of the vitamin С content with the sum of the sugars is observed at temperature of plus 16°С; at 4 and 18°C there is a weak correlation. But correlation analysis for sugars and acidity showed no correlation at temperatures other than normal (7…8°С). The ratios of vitamin С and glucose or vitamin С and the amount of sugars can serve as indicators in estimation fruit quality, and the weak of correlation between sugars and acidity at temperatures other than 8°С indicates storage of the product with temperature disturbances

Preservation of the quality of fresh products for companies engaged in the implementation of fresh fruit and vegetable products is an important task in managing supply chains in both transport and warehouse logistics. This work presents an estimate of the loss of quality of fresh tomato under the influence of various temperature regimes using an integral quality parameter. Integral quality parameter index consists of deviations of biochemical parameters (vitamin C, acidity, glucose and the sum of sugars) at the recommended storage temperature (plus 8°C) from the values of these the same indicators at temperatures different from it; the frequency of the participation of the indicators in the correlation dependences between the indices and the highest degree of correlation, estimated from the value of the Pearson coefficient. Using the QFD methodology, the relationship of consumer requirements with technical requirements for the quality of fresh tomato has been determined, and the parameters that have the greatest impact on quality have been established. Approbation of the parameter “integral quality” was carried out on the basis of the data of the experiment conducted in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar), on the influence of temperature regimes on the quality of tomato “Torbash” in the process of storage. The proposed model of quality forecasting can be recommended to companies selling fresh tomatoes, carrying out logistic activities in the supply chains of this vegetable production, and can also serve as a basis for assessing the quality of other fruit and vegetable products.

Vegetable root plants is a valuable, essential components of a balanced diet person. The basis of the modern methodology of breeding work on root crops is to meet the requirements of the market, so the breeders are faced with the task of creating varieties and hybrids of root crops with an attractive appearance and a sufficiently high nutritional value, suitable for new technologies of cultivation and processing. The regular meeting of the methodical Commission of the edible plants in the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in the framework of the international scientific-practical conference "Methodology of selection and seed growing of vegetable root plants." The conference was attended by scientists, breeders, seed growers, experts from Russia and CIS countries. The participants of the conference exchanged information on the achievements, development and application of various methodological approaches in the selection and seed production of vegetable root plants, contributing to the creation and introduction of domestic competitive varieties and hybrids, which will solve the problem of import substitution. The need to create a new source material on the basis of the collections of recent years for breeding on technology, alignment of the external parameters of varieties and hybrids of all vegetable root plants, as well as to improve the methods of seed production, especially for the reproduction of seeds of higher categories and lines of hybrids. The changed scientific and technological conditions of conducting the selection and seed-growing process require improving the efficiency of breeding development, the complexity of selection and genetic research, the use of biotechnological methods, MAS technologies, phytotrons, greenhouses and other facilities to accelerate the selection process.

In the context of climate change phytomonitoring of the prevalence of the most common viral pathogens on the crops becomes even more important, because during the last decades the harmfulness of those pathogens, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) has grown in intensity. The causative agent as the most members of Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. In Russia the virus was for the first time identified in the south of the Far East, where in the middle of XX century the massive damage of clove, lupine, sweet pea, pea, bean and Russian bean was observed. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phasйolus vulgбris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of nonchernozem belt in the RF. It is not feasible to eradicate natural BYMV foci, while the control of the causative agent carriers as a preventive measure is not very effective. There fore at present the search for the sources of resistance to BYMV and creation of parent selection material is a priority area of our phytopatologic research. At the present stage the tasks included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Laboratory of Legume Selection and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program of the Federal Research Vegetable Center which is aimed on creation of high-productive varieties of the kidney bean meeting the modern market demands.

The vegetable production is one of the main factors for food security, as vegetables play an important role in the structure of nutrition. The Federal Scientific Vegetable Center creates competitive varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops that meet market requirements to meet the needs of domestic producers and thereby contributes to food security. As a result of national breeding program, the varieties and hybrids adapted to different growing conditions, with resistance to local races of pathogens, temperature stresses, and ground frosts were developed to provide the sustainable production of vegetables with high nutritional and medicinal qualities. The varieties and hybrids F1 of white head cabbage that have been created for the last 5 years are distinguished from foreign ones by taste qualities, appropriate pickling characteristics with increased sugar, and decreased cellulose contents. The local onion varieties combine long shelf life, early maturing, well bulb formation, high dry matter content (18-20%) and ability to form the bulb for one year. Breeders have developed bee-pollinated and parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber well adapted to local growing conditions and suitable for open field cultivation in different regions of Russia. Parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of the multi-propose use, corresponding to the modern variety model with high productivity, early-ripening, bunch ovary disposition, resistance to abiotic stresses, and most harmful diseases. The carrot and red beet varieties with high nutritional qualities, long shelf-life, ecological plasticity that are widely used for seed production have been created. The varieties of Solanaceae crops have been developed to cultivate in Non Chernozem zone, Far East, Western Siberia, the Middle Belt of Russia and the south of Russia, are also suitable for different greenhouse complexes located in different light zones of the Russia. Wide application of varieties produced through national vegetable breeding programs can provide the population with our own products of high quality.

Clubroot disease (causative organism Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) is among the most economically important and harmful diseases of the cole crops, and the damage due to this disease may reach up to 50-75% of the yield and even 100% in epiphytotics years. Even resistant varieties become susceptible over the years, because of appearance of the new pathogen races and change of climatic conditions in the main growing areas of the crop. In this context the Laboratory of Plant Immunity and Protection, of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” implements continuous phytoimmunological evaluation of collection and selection specimens and also directional material rather than just annual monitoring of causative organism dissemination in order to find new resistance sources. For this purpose an artificial infection background is used: compost obtained from decomposed nodules on the cabbage roots affected by clubroot disease (infection load 105-106 spores/cm3). The resistance of white cabbage varieties was evaluated during the harvesting period using five-point score of the root system damage, which formed the basis for categorization into resistance groups. For the analysis of artificial background intensity and specimen ranking the individual plants of the white cabbage variety Slava 1305, which is a susceptibility standard, were randomly planted in the entire area of the infection background. The impact of atmospheric conditions in the study year on the results of phytopathological evaluation of cabbage selection specimens against the infection background is demonstrated. Under unfavorable conditions for pathogen development (2014) the most specimens (74%) were categorized as relatively resistant, while in favourable for pathogen year 2015 relatively resistant specimens comprised only 5% of the total number of studied specimens. Since the same specimen may show different level of resistance depending on the year conditions, the stability of character manifestation is the important criterion for identification of the resistance resources. Phytopathological evaluation aimed on selection of clubroot-resistant forms in the Moscow region should last for at least three years even with the use of infection background. Long-lasting evaluation showed that the strains No 234/15,140/14,216/17 exhibiting high resistance to clubroot against artificial infection background regardless of the year conditions are the most valuable for selection. The resistance of white cabbage selection varieties to clubroot disease was studied against the infection background.

The data on the greenhouse tomato culture productivity in the long turnover (February November) without application of artificial light are presented. The plants were grown using small-volume hydroponic technology on mineral wool in the industrial greenhouse of LLC "Prigorodny" (Syktyvkar, 61° 40′ 35″ N, 50° 48′ 35″ E). Tomato seeds (hybrid Starbuck F1) were sown in early December 2016. The seedlings were illuminated for 19 h daily with the high-pressure sodiumvapor reflector lamps (HPSV-400W / REFLUX) with an installed power of 130 W/m2. In early February 2017 plants at the age of 4245 days were transferred to the greenhouse and grown at density of 2 plants per square meter under natural lighting conditions. The dependence between the light intensity at leaf level and the natural light entering the greenhouse was studied. In spring sunny days, the light intensity at the level of the upper leaves did not exceed the 450500 μmol quanta/m2s, and in cloudy weather was 2-3 times lower. It was found that the saturation of leaf CO2-uptake by light took place at intensity of 800-1000 μmol quanta/m2s. The leaves formed under light deficiency had lowered photosynthetic activity (near 3 μmol СО2/m2s). The maximal productivity of tomato culture was observed during maximum light levels and sunny period (June-July). The average value of tomato productivity was about 34 kg/m2. The data show the possibility of producing commercial tomato yield in the first light zone without artificial lighting, which significantly reduces production costs.

The article reveals the essence and systemizes the advantages of agricultural cooperation. In the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the economy, this type of cooperation helps attract investment and reduce risks for investors, increases the competitiveness and economic growth of the region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many aspects of the functioning of agricultural cooperatives remain inadequate to apply to individual sectors, in particular, to the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations for managing the innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the regional economy (by the example of the Samara region). In preparing the article, general scientific methods of research were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison, classification. The state of vegetable growing in the Samara region is analyzed. The main problems of its innovative development are singled out. The advantages of agricultural cooperation as a modern tool for management of innovative development are systematized. The importance of cooperation within the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy, which is of strategic importance for ensuring the food security of the region and Russia in general. Existing models of cooperation in vegetable growing in the Samara region are analyzed. The goal, tasks and main problems of the management system of innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy are formulated. As a result of the study, recommendations were proposed on the formation of a management system for innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy.

The work is carried out in the framework of the onion F1 breeding program. The practical purpose of the work is to carry out genetic selection of onion forms using molecular genetic markers of male sterility in the course of obtaining the maternal line for heterotic selection of F1 hybrids. The scientific component of these studies was the study of the population-genetic basis of various types of male sterility in onions of the Belarusian genmplasma. We used belarusian varieties Vetraz and Skarb litvinov and a collection of other varieties and hybrids. Markers of the mitochondrial genes orfA501, cob and the nuclear alleles Ms/ms, cosegregating with genes of fertility restorer/S-sterility maintainer genes, were studied. It has been shown that in the Vetraz variety are observed plants with the N- or T-cytotype in N-cytoplasm (TN-). The belarusian variety Scarb litvinov contains plants with the cytotypes N-, S, TN-, SN-, STN-. As a result, it was concluded that the male sterility of the Vetraz variety is T-type, and in the Scarp litvinov variety is complex, and is caused by the cytoplasmic alleles S- and T-. In both varieties: Vetraz and Scarb litvinov the sources of the ms locus causing the S-type of male sterility have been identified. Less than one-fifth of the number of world collection of varieties and hybrids was detected as Scytotype. This value is smaller than the value given in the scientific literature. However it may reflect the significant spread of the original S-cytoplasm of a single plant of the shortday Italian Red variety in the world onion germplasm.