Relevance. Vegetable beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) – a valuable high-protein culture, which has multilateral use in the national economy, is recommended for dietary nutrition. The protein content in green beans and seeds varies from 18 to 30%, which in terms of amino acid composition is at the level of protein in milk and meat.The aim of the research is to create a new indeterminate medium-late resistant to major diseases varieties for farms growing that provide fresh produce (green beans) with a long fruiting period, without fiber and parchment in the leaflets of the green bean.Methods. Studies were carried out from 2008 to 2018 on breeding fields of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region, Odintsovo District). Scientific work was started in 2013 with an individual selection from collection sample No. 90K (Republic of Crimea). Since 2015, the constant form was propagated with a two-year test of offspring. All the necessary phenological, biometric and phytopathological observations and counts were performed according to the methods generally accepted for this culture.Results. The article presents data on a new variety of vegetable beans Malume of indeterminate (curly) type of growth. As a result of competitive variety testing in the conditions of the Central Non-chernozem Zone since 2018 to 2019, against a natural infectious background, the new variety significantly exceeded the Fatima standard for the yield of green beans and seeds, was characterized by a high content of mono-, the amount of sugars, starch, and was resistant to major diseases. At the end of 2019 year transferred to the State Variety Test.

The article is devoted to the problem of obtaining regenerative plant varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Bouquet, Emerald, Chameleon (FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center). Salad culture is insensitive to in vitro conditions and requires the development of alternative regeneration conditions. Seeds were surface sterilized in 96% ethanol (30 s), then 15 minutes in 50% aqueous solution of "Whiteness" with the addition of Twin-20 (1 drop per 100 ml), washed three times in sterile distilled water. Then lettuce seeds were placed in Petri dishes on Gamborg B5 medium (2% sucrose, 3,0 g/l fitogeli). After 10 days, the obtained seedlings were cut, the leaf blades were cut into squares 1 cm in size and transferred to medium MS B5 (2% sucrose) with three variants of hormone concentrations: 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP. The formed shoots were rooted on MS medium (2% sucrose, 7,0 g/l agar). Cultivation was carried out on racks with fluorescent lamps at 25°C and a photoperiod of 14 hours, illumination of 2,5 thousand Lux. According to the results of studies, the concentration of hormones (0,1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP) was selected, which allowed to obtain up to 10 shoots from one leaf explant. Moreover, the largest number of shoots was noted on leaf explants located closer to the veins of the sheet. The obtained data allowed to improve the system of regeneration of varieties of emerald lettuce, Bouquet and Chameleon.

The traditional production of linear material  and hybrids in the selection of red beet is a time-consuming,  long-term process due to the two -  year cycle of plant development, self-and cross-incompatibility,  inbred depression. Significantly  reduce the life cycle of the plant allows the vernalization  at different stages  of  development, including during  the  "steckling". Cultivation  of plants with the use of steckling culture in the selection of red beet has not yet found wide application and has not been studied enough, in this regard, in 2009-2018 on the basis of the Federal  State Budgetary  Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. The material of the study was inbred offspring I1-5, which were studied in several series of independent  experiments using different schemes of growing stecklings and roots (one-year and biennial  cycles).  It is shown that the use of culture of steckling and protected ground for breeding schemes to create lines of red beet is advisable, as it accelerates the  process of  evaluating the  heterogeneity of inbred progenies for earliness, index, root, the manifestation of cytoplasmic  sterility, and also allows you to get a wider range of different  inbred forms due to the high variability  in the offspring. The probability of a valuable fully-sterile ms-forms  higher in the group of early maturing plants with a large mass stecklings and promising self-compatibility  mf-lines - among small fractions of mid and late inbred offspring. The continuous use of steckling culture should be recommended only for the preliminary evaluation  of breeding  material on sign of cytoplasmic sterility, followed by the reproduction of selected promising inbred offspring in the open field ("halves method"),  and at later stages of  the breeding process as a  rapid assessment of crossing combinations on sign of cytoplasmic sterility when checking mf-forms on the fixing ability. The alternation  of the culture of stecklings with the traditional biennial cycle of culture in conjunction with the techniques of recurrent selection and use of different backgrounds  (field, greenhouse),  can improve the performance of the selection and get aligned according to the main economic-important  signs of promising inbred offspring in a shorter period of time.

Relevance. Fermentation of cabbage is a common way of processing, which allows to preserve and strengthen its useful qualities. To date, breeders have proposed a significant number of varieties and hybrids of cabbage, each of which has its own individual biochemical characteristics. Traditional sauerkraut is carried out after harvest. Long storage can affect the change in the content of organic acids and sugars in cabbage.Methods. The aim of the work was to study the parameters of the fermentation process of eight varieties and hybrids of cabbage by selection in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center by the intensity of sugar reduction, accumulation of organic acids, organoleptic parameters and activity of lactic acid microorganisms. Fermentation was carried out after a 5-month period of storage of heads.Results. The results showed that the storage period did not affect the fermentation result of most of the studied varieties and hybrids of cabbage. There are varietal differences in the initial content of mono-and disaccharides, organic acids, which affected the fermentation process. The increased content of malic acid in the variety population Podarok, F1 Severyanka contributed to the slowdown of the first stage of fermentation. Varietal features of the Parus population contributed to the slowdown of the first and second stages of fermentation, which was manifested in a decrease in the rate of destruction of sugars. Variety Zymovka 1474 in the process of processing by fermentation accumulates a significant amount of succinic acid, which can characterize its special difference among the studied varieties and hybrids. The best organoleptic characteristics were distinguished by hybrids of fermented cabbage F1 Likova, F1 Natali, F1 Mechta and F1 Snezhinka. The results of the study suggest that the processing of cabbage by fermentation should take into account its individual varietal biochemical features. This will not only preserve the valuable nutritional properties of the cabbage itself, but also strengthen them by optimizing the natural process of lactic acid fermentation. The result will be the best organoleptic effect achieved by an optimal combination of lactic and citric acids and mono-sugars.

Celeriac (Apium graveolens L., Apiaceae), originating from the Mediterranean basin, is a two-yearold species grown worldwide. The article presents the content of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and anthocyanin in various celery root varieties, and an assessment of their resistance to septoriosis and the yield of root crops. The studies were carried out on the basis of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing, a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region, Ramensky District) in 2014-2016. The total content of anthocyanins in the leaves in varieties with anthocyanin coloring on the leaf stem is on average 1.32 mg / 100 g, in the varieties with a green stem, 0.90 mg / 100 g, β-carotene – 1.82 and 1.67 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll a – 86.5 and 81.4 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll b – 43.1 and 44.9 mg / 100 g wet weight, respectively. Linear correlation analysis allowed to establish a reliable (at 5% significance level) positive relationship between the yield of root crops and the total content of anthocyanins in celery leaves (r = 0.53), the total content of anthocyanins and chlorophyll a in leaves (r = 0.55), a negative relationship between the degree of development septoria and root mass (r = -0.62), as well as the yield of root crops (r = -0.71), between the chlorophyll a content in the leaves and the degree of septoria development (r = -0.54). The revealed variability in chlorophyll, β-carotene, the total content of anthocyanins reflects genetic heterogeneity among the studied celery varieties and plant responses to the environment. For breeding for resistance to septoria and crop yields of root crops, varieties of celeriac Kornevoy Gribovskiy, Maxim, Kupidon were selected.

The article presents the results of research on the production in vitro of regenerated plants from the seeds of cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Emerald, Bouquet, Chameleon (FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center), susceptible of aspermia tomato (Tomato aspermy cucumovirus) – AsTV. Seeds of strongly susceptible to AsTV varieties of salad Chameleon and Bouquet were subjected to thermotherapy at different temperatures (37°C, 38°C, 40°C) for a different time interval (1, 3, 5, 7, 10 days) in dry form and when moistened. Marked varietal specificity during germination of seeds after thermotherapy. Thus, the greatest number of seedlings in the emerald variety was obtained after 5 days of thermotherapy (10.0±0), while the Bouquet variety had the best results after 3 days of thermotherapy (9.3±1.2) with moisture. After thermotherapy of dry seeds by 40°C plant material of cultivar Emerald was planted on solid and liquid culture media. The conditions of step sterilization of lettuce seeds for introduction into the culture in vitro were chosen: washing in 96% ethanol, then in 50% aqueous solution of "Whiteness" with the addition of Twin-20, after in sterile distilled water. The nutrient medium for germination of lettuce seeds was used: Gamborg B5 (2% sucrose, 7.0 g/l agar), and the liquid nutrient medium was of that composition. The obtained seedlings were cutted and transferred to medium MS (2% sucrose, 0.1 mg/l ha and 1 mg/l BAP, 3.0 g/l phytogel). The formed shoots for rooting were transferred to the MS medium (2% sucrose, 3.0 g/l phytogel). In the future, lettuce plants will be adapted in vivo and tested for the presence of tomato aspermia virus in the planting material.

Relevance Currently, the first place goes to the creation of new high-yielding varieties and hybrids F1 crops that meet the requirements of modern industrial technologies. Heterosis hybrids have high yield, marketability, equalization, friendly yield and resistance to disease. Methods When developing new varieties and hybrids of radish suitable for mechanized harvesting, attention should be paid to the strength of the attachment of the leaf outlet and its upright position, the uniformity of immersion in the soil and the easy pull-out of root crops. Studies were performed in a protected (heated film greenhouse) and open ground in All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. Results The results of breeding work with European radish are presented. According to the results of expert evaluation, the state register of breeding achievements included two varieties of European summer radish – Bianca, Sirius and one hybrid of European winter radish – Tsyganskiy Baron F1. The new varieties are distinguished by uniformity in shape, length, diameter of the root crop, compact leaf rosette, form a root crop in a short and long daylight, recommended for cultivation under film shelters and in the open ground (early spring and summer sowing time). As a result of repeated inbreeding, inbred lines of European winter radish (brought to the seventh generation) were created, characterized by high equalization of the root crop, with strict self-compatibility. These lines were included in the process of creating heterosis hybrids. Evaluation of the obtained hybrids was carried out in the open ground. A hybrid of radish European winter Tsyganskiy Baron F1 – medium-ripe, flat-rounded root, black, weighing 220-260 g. Perspective hybrid in relation to the standard has a more aligned form of the root, with a rich black color and smooth surface. Tsyganskiy Baron F1 on the above indicators exceeds the standard night, resistant to stressful conditions.

The yield of vegetable peas in the conditions of the Omsk region is largely limited to the defeat of plants by a complex of diseases and damage by phytophages. The aim of the research was to study the collection of pea vegetable samples in Western Siberia and to identify among them the most resistant to Ascochyta. The object of research was 70 samples of vegetable peas from the collections of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center,  Odintsovo, Federal Research Centre All-Russian institute of plant genetic resources on the name  of  N.I.  Vavilov (VIR), St.  Petersburg,  as  well  as obtained in the framework of cooperation with foreign breeding institutions. The experiments were conducted in the forest-steppe  zone of  the  Omsk region in 2014-2017.  As  a result of the experiments, it was established that the defeat of  peas by  Ascochyta occurs  annually, but  with  different intensity, depending on weather conditions. The maximum resistance of plants was observed in 2016 under conditions of severe drought (5.8 points on average), the minimum – in 2015 with moderately humid and warm weather (3.9 points on average). Late sowing contributes to a greater damage to plants by Ascochyta and reduced productivity. The relationship between resistance to Ascochyta and conditions characterizing heat and moisture supply is strong negative in the initial period of plant growth: with the CGT (r = -0.98 0.13), the amount of precipitation (r = -0.86 0.35), air temperature (r =  -0,67  0,24); strong positive in the second half of the growing season: with SCC (r = 0.82 0.33), amount of precipitation  (r  =  0.68  0.35).  Most  of  the  samples during  the research retained a high (29%) and medium (48%) resistance to  Ascochyta. As a result of  the collection's assessment, samples  of  vegetable peas  resistant  (7-8  points)  to  the pathogen were distinguished: B-1295  (к-8907,  Bashkiria), Chinese (PRC), Terrace 888 (k-9376, Ukraine). These samples  can  be  recommended  as  sources  of  resistance to Ascochyta for the selection of  vegetable peas in Western Siberia.

Relevance. In recent years, physiologists are very interested in studying the characteristics of the growth and development of seedlings under conditions of etiolation. Etiolated seedlings, as a model object, are interesting in studying the responses of a plant organism to the effects of various biotic environmental factors. In this regard, a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the influence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Хсс) on growth processes in the early stages of development of white cabbage plants, depending on the racial composition of the pathogen, is very important.Material and method. The study was carried out on the basis of the immunity and plant protection laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC). The material of research were seeds of two varieties of white cabbage with different resistance to vascular bacteriosis and four races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Хсс1, Хсс3, Хсс4 и Хсс6). Sterile seeds of each variety were laid out in Petri cups. Infection with different races of Xcc was carried out by introducing into each Petri cup 1 ml of a bacterial suspension of a two-day culture at a concentration of 106 cells/ml. Half of the Petri cups were placed in a thermostat without illumination, the other was exposed to light under a 16- hour regime of illumination with diffused light. The magnitude and orientation of biological effects of studied factors on biometric parameters of seedlings were evaluated by the relative deviation of the difference between parameters of the experimental and control variants.Results. A different degree of influence of the resistance of the variety and the aggressiveness of the pathogen race on the growth of individual parts of the seedling has been established, and the response of etiolated and photosynthetic seedlings to infection is often the opposite. In the susceptible cultivar Slava 1305, acceleration of root and hypocotyl growth in the dark (Хсс3, Хсс4 and Хсс1) and inhibition of these processes in the light (Хсс1, Хсс4 and Хсс6) were noted. Relatively stable SB-3 F1 hybrid has more pronounced raspecificity of the effect of Xcc on root growth and stimulation of hypocotyl growth in all variants, which was 2-8 times lower in etiolated seedlings when infected with Xcc6 and Xcc1 races than in light ones, and when infected by the races Xcc1 and Xcc4, the effect was comparable.

Relevance. Most of the pea varieties used in the production of canned vegetables have similar morphological structure of the stalk: shortened internodes, their limited number and location in the upper part of the stalk. The deficiency of such plant architectonics is the limitation of yielding capacity in relation to small number of yielding nodes, yielding capacity instability, and high degree of affliction by plant diseases. The production of pea varieties having an increased number of yielding nodes will allow changing the relation between the nonproductive and reproductive parts to the advantage of the latter.Methods. The pea varieties from the collection of bean cultures laboratories of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center were used as the research varieties. The main method of work was intervarietal hybridization with subsequent single plant selection. In 2018-2019 the selected lines were seeded in a nursery with an area of 7 m2 . The forms with changed flowering pattern (Pervenets, Ranniy 28-11, Wenson) and the most yielding early and midseason varieties (Dakota, Ranniy Gribovsky 11, Voronezhsky Zelyony, Korsar, Orus, Viola, Zelyonaya Strela, Quartella) were used as parent components. The selection was performed on the basis of the following features: changed flowering pattern, the number of yielding nodes, the number of legumes on a node, as well as the length of a bean and the number of seeds in a legume. A finometer was used for the determination of the green pea hardness.Results. Sample 50-4-19 having a relatively low number of yielding nodes (6, 9) had the highest characteristics and was considerably superior to all the other samples by its yielding capacity during the first and the second harvesting periods (7.24 and 9.55 tons per hectare). The selection of the early forms with the changed flowering pattern and the shift of the attraction centre to the 2nd or to the 3rd node allow carrying out breeding aimed at increasing the early ripeness and the yielding capacity of peas.