Relevance. It is necessary to search for methods for obtaining environmentally friendly products and reducing the pesticide load on agrobiocenoses. Biostimulants can influence the increase in the yield of vegetable crops and improve their quality, which is confirmed by numerous studies. Stimulating effects depend on a combination of various biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of biostimulants on the yield and quality of Brassica Oleracea in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem zone on heavy loamy sod-podzolic soils.Methodology. A field experiment was carried out in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation on sod-podzolic soil in 2019-2021. In an experiment with two hybrids of Brassica Oleracea: F1 Zarnitsa (mid-early) and F1 Mechta (late-ripening), biostimulants Agrofil and MBK-BIS were studied for soaking seeds, seedlings and foliar treatment. The control variants were without fertilizer (absolute control) and the N90P120K150 background.Results. The effect of mineral fertilizers on both hybrids was characterized by an increase in the weight of heads of cabbage by 11.7 and 23.5%, respectively. When treating seeds, the weight of heads of cabbage increased by 15-18% compared to the background. Additional treatment with stimulants for soaking seedlings in Agrofil and foliar treatment with the MBK-BIS preparation increased the weight of heads of cabbage in comparison with the background in the F1 Zarnitsa hybrid by 21.4 and 23.3%, F1 Mechta - by 21.4 and 25.4%. The contribution of biostimulants to the yield of the used cabbage hybrids is more pronounced in the late-ripening hybrid, which directly depends on the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The studied biostimulants contribute to an increase in the content of vitamin C, fiber, and the amount of sugars in cabbage heads.Conclusion. Biostimulants MBK-BIS and Agrofil are effective for increasing the yield and improving the biochemical composition of the studied Brassica oleracea hybrids in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.

Relevance. Lake Ebeyty is the largest salt lake in the Omsk region, located in the south-west of the region, at the junction of the borders of three regions: Poltava, Moskalensky and Isilkulsky, and has huge reserves of medicinal mud. The purpose of the research is to study the characteristics of the chemical composition of Lake Ebeyty water over the years of research (data from 2011, 2019, 2022 and 2023) and soil cover.Material and Methodology. The paper presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of the water of Lake Ebeyty in the period 2011-2019-2022-2023. In this work, satellite data analysis methods were used to identify relief features and changes in the area of the water surface (archive of satellite images for 10 years) of the study area in the QGIS software product. Water samples were taken during the daytime for chemical analysis using generally accepted methods.Results. An assessment of the ecological state of the lake was carried out. As a result of the research, it was established: an increase in oxidation from 53.04 mgO2/l in 2011 to 208.0 mgO2/l in 2022, in 2023 the figure decreases to 150.4 mgO2/l, which indicates a deterioration in the ecological situation of the water body. Mineralization increases over the years of research from 128054 to 268691 mg/l (respectively). The soil cover is rep-resented by soils of the saline series - solonchaks and solonetzes.

Relevance. Currently, greenhouse complexes use water for irrigation from open surface sources (ponds, lakes, rivers) and underground water from wells, adding a return (drainage) solution to it. At the same time, water from both open sources and drainage solution often becomes a source of emergence and spread of phytopathogenic infection in greenhouses, which brings economically significant crop losses. In this regard, the need to develop guaranteed methods and methods for the disinfection of drainage water and water from open sources is relevant. One of the methods of water disinfection is the use of ultraviolet irradiation, but for the effective use of irradiation, it is necessary to ensure the minimum effective UV dose. This UV dose is typical for each pathogen.Results. Work was carried out to experimentally establish doses of UV irradiation that allow complete inactivation of vegetative cells and spores of bacteria and fungi (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pythium debaryanum, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Phoma destructiva) in a solution prepared on the basis of distilled water. A dose of UV irradiation of 40 mJ/cm2 ensured complete inactivation of the bacterial pathogen, and a dose of 60 mJ/cm2 showed complete inactivation of the pathogens of the studied fungal infections.

Relevance. The Volgograd region is a region of risky farming. In the spring-summer period, the cultivated crop (melons) is often exposed to stress factors: spring frosts, abnormal heat, temperature changes, which negatively affects the growth and development of plants. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new adaptive agrotechnical methods for the cultivation of melons and gourds in order to obtain stable yields of high quality.Material and methodology. The object of research is watermelon, variety Meteor. Water-soluble fertilizers were studied – Helaton Extra and Aquarin vegetable for soaking seeds before sowing and foliar treatment of plants during the growing season.Results. During the research period of 2019-2021, new types of microfertilizers were studied.When using preparations Aquarin vegetable and Helaton Extra for different methods of processing, a positive effect on the growth and development of table watermelon plants, as well as on the increase in the leaf plate, was noted. Helaton Extra for soaking seeds and treating plants had the maximum impact on the growth processes of early table watermelon. As a result of the research, the yield of the studied variety also increased. The average weight of the fetus in all variants increased compared to the control variant by 2.7-5.3%. The length of the growing season in all variants increased from 2 to 4 days, which favorably affected the increase in yield. Comparative analysis of growth processes and productivity of watermelon variety Meteor when using new forms of water-soluble fertilizers for seed soaking and foliar treatment of plants showed greater efficiency from their use.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a cultivated plant of the Amaranthaceae family of Peruvian origin with high nutritional value. The Krasnodar region of Russia is a region with favorable climatic conditions for growing quinoa. The studies were carried out on the basis of Quinoa Center LLC, located in the Novokubansky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Four quinoa varieties were used as research material: Blanca de Juli, White Peru, Salcedo, the local variety Seva (included in the State Register of the Russian Federation in 2017) served as the standard. Various morphological parameters of plants were assessed and phenological observations were carried out.The results showed statistically significant differences between varieties in plant productivity. The White Peru variety responded positively to the new conditions and was introduced without irrigation. The productivity of the panicle was on average 100 g, for the standard variety Seva - 70 g. In the dynamics of the ontogenetic development cycle of four quinoa varieties, it was established that the optimal sowing time in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory is May. The tested varieties were also assessed for grain quality. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region they showed good results, thanks to selection for white grain and panicle uniformity. However, not all of them can be adapted, since they need constant watering and for late-ripening varieties autumn rains negatively affect their yield. The local early ripening variety Seva is of interest to Peru. In Peru, the main problem reducing production is low yield caused by frost in the Puno Peru region. The Seva variety reaches phenological phases: the beginning of panicle formation (R6), panicle formation (R7), flowering (R8) and full panicle ripening, physiological maturity (R12) and due to its early ripening it avoids frost. Therefore, the Seva variety can be recommended for sowing in the Puno-Peru region, since it has a gene pool that provides cold resistance but this requires detailed study. In general, to optimize the introduction of quinoa in Russia further research on adaptability in the Krasnodar region is necessary.

The development of classical methods of soaking and growing seeds to the method of hydropriming and its further improvement based on the introduction of new knowledge and integrated approaches are shown. Priming is a controlled hydration of seeds (saturation with a limited amount of water), which causes the activation of metabolism, the initiation of germination (preventing the appearance of a root) and ensuring the subsequent reversibility of this process (by drying) while maintaining a stimulating effect. P.A. Genkel, who presented a thorough theoretical justification and detailed experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of pre-sowing soaking and subsequent drying (often multiple times) to increase drought and salt tolerance of plants. For a complex of methods for influencing seeds with water and osmotic solutions, W. Heidecker proposed the term priming, which is widely used in the English language, but at first did not take root in Russian literature. The characteristic of the internal reasons for the decrease in the viability of seeds, associated primarily with the aging process, during which the depletion of nutrient reserves, the accumulation of growth inhibitors, mutagens, reactive oxygen species and other harmful substances, the denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids, the oxidation of unsaturated lipids and external (abiotic and biotic), and their interactions. The article provides information about agents and methods, technical solutions and priming techniques. The role of water, conditions, factors, parameters, fundamental morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical substantiation of the germination process are described. The shortcomings of priming and ways to overcome them are outlined on the basis of an in-depth study of the metabolic processes occurring in the process of priming and subsequent germination in order to understand the mechanisms for increasing the sowing and productive properties of seeds. The necessity of maximizing the practice of applying priming, especially in difficult environmental conditions, was noted.

Purpose. Betalains, plant pigments of red beet roots, exhibit antioxidant activity and reduce the risks of many pathological conditions. However, the widespread introduction of betalains is hampered by insufficient knowledge of their transformations during the growing season and storage of root crops, which was the purpose of the work.Methods. Root crops of five varieties of table beets were used in the studies. The content and stability of betalains were determined by spectrophotometric methods according to the numerical indices of the absorption spectra of extracts from root crops.Results. In the beet roots in the first 20 days of vegetation after germination, the content of betaxanthines is higher than that of betacyanins, but by the 40th day, betacyanins exceed betacyanins over betaxanthin in the ratio of 1.26-2.21. By the 70th 90th days of vegetation, the main pool of betalains is formed, their content reaches 84.5-198.6 mg / 100 g, the ratio of betacyanins / betaxanthins and resistance are 2.47-9.76 and 0.82-0.91 respectively. The highest excess of the content of betacyanins over betaxanthins by 8.11 9.65 times was obtained in beet root crops of Creolka and Veselaia Smulyanka varieties. The stability of betalains during six-month storage decreases less than 1.4 times.Conclusion. It is advisable to use the developed spectrophotometric method for determining the stability of betalains in the express analysis of beet root crops. Betalains are more stable than other plant antioxidants. Beet roots are more preferred for fortifying diets than other foods with antioxidant activity.

This paper analyzes the literature data on the practical use of plants of the genus Filipendula as a nutritional component and a promising source of biologically active substances. For immunomodulatory action, the flowers and leaves of the meadowsweet are mainly used, which have demonstrated a significant effect in numerous in vitro and in vivo models. Among the diseases in which the immunomodulatory properties of plants of the genus Filipendula are found the most application are inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract, a number of inflammatory disorders of the skin, as well as a diaphoretic and antispasmodic, in bronchial asthma, etc. An analysis of the literature data allows us to conclude that these plants have a beneficial effect on human health, both individually and as a component of food, due to their unique phytochemical profiles.

Relevance. From an agrotechnical point of view, beans are a valuable crop capable of greening agriculture. Legumes have the ability to enter into symbiotic relationships with nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria and assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. The creation of highly efficient plant-microbial systems in agrocenoses by breeding new varieties of legumes with a high symbiotic potential is a promising direction that makes it possible to control the efficiency of plant biomass accumulation and the quality of agricultural products. There is a need to evaluate varieties for adaptability and nodule-forming ability to implement breeding programs to create highly productive and high-quality varieties that can realize the genetic potential of productivity in the sharply continental climate.Materials and methods. On the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Agrarian University in 2018-2020, an assessment was made of green bean varieties of different ecological and geographical origin with a bush type of growth. Experimental fields are located in the village of Michurinsky (left bank of Novosibirsk) and the educational and production farm "Garden of Michurintsev" (right bank of Novosibirsk). The study of samples in terms of adaptability parameters, as well as the ability to form nodules, was performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. We took into account the characteristics that affect the productivity of the crop - the number and weight of beans per plant, the weight of one bean, and the yield. The aim of the work is to evaluate the varieties of vegetable beans for adaptability and nodule-forming ability in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Siberian region.Results. When forming the symbiotic apparatus, the growth conditions were taken into account. It has been established that high rates of biomass are observed on the territory of the village of Michurinsky. Varieties Morena and Maguyra are characterized by intensive growth in the experimental field of the village of Michurinsky, varieties Zoluyshka and Solnyshko – the educational and production farm "Garden of Michurintsev". The total number of nodules per plant varied from 29 (Kormilitsa) to 66. (Zoluyshka), active nodules – from 9 (Kormilitsa) to 49 (Zoluyshka). It is noted that the varieties Solnyshko and Zoluyshka have high rates of general adaptive ability and breeding value of the genotype. A strong relationship has been established between the characteristics of leaf mass and the number of active nodules, the number of active nodules and the leaf surface area; average - between the number of active nodules and plant biomass.

Relevance. In the arsenal of agents with antibacterial activity, a significant place belongs to preparations based on the raw materials of two types of Macleia - Macleaya x kevensis Turill. and Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br. used both in medical and veterinary practice. It is possible to provide the domestic pharmaceutical industry with these medicinal raw materials in full through the development of methods for increasing yields and adapting Maclea to unstable environmental weather conditions.Material and methods. Experiments to study the effect of the use of humates and microfertilizers on these indicators were laid in the fields of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR in 2019-2021. We studied the morphological and economically valuable traits of two species of Maclea, evaluated the growth rates of plants, the yield of raw materials, the content of alkaloids and their collection per hectare under optimal and dry weather conditions.Results. Differences between the two types of Maclea are established in terms of morphological and economically valuable traits. Maclea heart-shaped palmate-lobed leaves are light green in color, the roots are vertical, round-cylindrical, reaching a depth of 50 cm or more, plant height is 300-350 cm. at a depth of 25-30 cm, plant height 200-250 cm. % versus 0.162-0.164% for the heart-shaped Maclea. The dependence of the growth, development and productivity of two types of Maclea on meteorological conditions has been established. Under the conditions of insufficient water supply and high temperatures, the loss of yield in the first year of vegetation in Macleaya cordata is 14%, in the second year - 6%, in Macleaya x kevensis - 21 and 12%, respectively. Foliar treatments with the Normat L complex with Ferovit in the first year of vegetation contributed to a decrease in crop losses and an increase in the yield of alkaloids per 1 hectare in both types of makley, in the second year, with these treatments, an increase in yield by 7-11% was observed, the collection of alkaloids per hectare increased by 14- 18%.