Relevance. Currently, in many countries of the world, the production of non-season raspberry berry products has become widespread. Recently, interest in this technology has arisen in Russia, which has great prospects for the development of industrial gardening. In our opinion, it is promising to develop elements of technology for the non-seasonal production of red raspberries, propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation with a traditional and remontant type of fruiting in the conditions of winter heated greenhouses.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of clonal micropropagation of garden plants in the fruit growing laboratory of RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev. The objects of research were varieties of red raspberries with a traditional (variety Volnitsa) and remontant (varieties Orangevoe Chudo and Bryanskoe Divo) type of fruiting. The experimental plants were propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation and grown before distillation in open and protected ground; plants propagated by root offspring served as control. Experimental plants were planted in open ground for growing in mid-May, in mid-October they were transplanted into 10 liter containers and transferred to protected ground conditions. Then put in the refrigerator compartment with a temperature of + 1 ... + 5°C. For distillation, the raspberry repairing plants were exposed in the winter heated greenhouse on January 20, while the shoots of replacing the aboveground system were normalized: without normalization, 3 shoots per plant, complete pruning of the aboveground system. Raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting were exposed in a winter heated greenhouse in three periods on January 20, February 10, March 2. Accounting for the passage of the phenological phases of development and yield was made for 3 months every 5 days.Results. In the conditions of winter heated greenhouses, efficiency has been shown and elements of technology for non-season production of raspberry berries remontant and berries with a traditional type of fruiting, propagated in vitro and grown before open field distillation are developed. It was revealed that it is necessary to normalize the shoots before distillation of raspberry remontant, and the optimal timing for the start of distillation for raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting has been established.

There are no doubts about the advantages of using drip irrigation, however, it does not solve the problem of regulating plant phytoclimate in open ground during periods of high temperatures in the Lower Volga region when the biological development of vegetable crops is inhibited, which leads to a decrease in yield. The use of combined irrigation in the combination of drip and fine solves the problem of reducing thermal stress and increases moisture on the soil surface. Based on the research and publications of Russian scientists, the main requirements for the functioning of combined irrigation systems have been identified. These include the provision of drip and fine (aerosol) irrigation, the system should work both jointly and separately, the regulation of plant phytoclimate, the possibility of using foliar feeding and chemical protection, etc. To solve this problem, a number of technical solutions have been considered, which will allow to partially or fully satisfy all the requirements for the stability of the technological process of growing crops under combined irrigation and eliminate the above-mentioned negative environmental conditions of the Lower Volga region. The FGBNU VNII “Raduga” developed the KAU-1M aerosol humidification kit, and the scientists of the Volgograd State Agrarian University developed technical solutions Spray Nozzle of the Combined Irrigation System for Cultivation of Vegetable Crops). The proposed technical solutions for the combined irrigation system will improve operational reliability, provide the plants with soil moisture, control the temperature, nutritional regime of the plants, which will make it possible to obtain stable yields of agricultural crops and environmental safety of the environment.

Chicory is widely cultivated in many countries of the world due to high nutritional and pharmacological value. The possibility of chicory forcing in winter provides quick production of salad heads, which biochemical characteristics are not fully described. Concentration of sugars, water soluble compounds and antioxidants in roots, leaves and stumps of salad C.intybus Konus cv are studied. Element composition of roots and leaves is obtained using ICP-MS method. The highest amount of water soluble compounds and ascorbic acid was indicated in stumps, while the highest polyphenol concentration was demonstrated in leaves. Antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts reached maximum in leaves and did not differ between roots and stumps. The ability of Konus variety to hyperaccumulate selenium was revealed for the first time: selenium concentration reached 2800 mcg/kg d.w. in roots and 3800 mcg/kg d.w. in leaves. Konus cv was characterized also by high accumulation of chromium, manganese, molybdenum and iron. Uneven distribution of elements between roots and leaves are demonstrated for all elements except Al, As and Si. Intensive root-leaves transport was revealed for Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Se and Zn and decreased rootleaves flow for B, Cd, Co, Li, Sn, Sr, V and especially Na. One hundred g of fresh leaves provides 22% of the daily adequate consumption levels for Se, 91%- for Cr, 15%- for Mo, 14%- for Fe and 12 % for Mn. The results suppose high prospects of C.intybus Konus cv as a functional food, capable to optimize the human Se and Cr status.

Relevance Fermentation of vegetables is usually carried out in the traditional way (spontaneous fermentation using native microflora), but the quality of the finished product is difficult to predict. Very often, due to the low initial amount of lactic acid bacteria or their low activity, the result of the process remains unpredictable, which can lead to the loss of a significant amount of product. In the fermentation of vegetables involved several types of facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacteria. In order to control the fermentation process and make it directed, it is necessary to study which lactic acid bacteria are involved in the fermentation process, the period in which their growth and death, and how it affects the organoleptic properties of the finished product, as well as to study the activity of lactic acid microorganisms in the fermentation process. When fermentation of vegetables are not only the original nutrients such as vitamin C, amino acids, dietary fibers, etc., but also develop functional microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria. Fermentation has an important effect on the quality and taste, so it is very important to study the fermentation process, microbial diversity and changes in nutrients and chemical elements in the fermentation process. Reducing the rate or preventing microbial spoilage of food is based on four main principles: minimization of product contamination by microorganisms; suppression of growth and reproduction of microorganisms-contaminants; destruction of microorganisms-contaminants; removal of microorganisms-contaminants. Fermentation is based on a combination of the first three principles and is achieved by creating conditions for the growth of specific microorganisms that can give food the desired taste, aroma, texture and appearance. Results This review is devoted to the scientific aspects of vegetable fermentation, including crops that contribute to the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the main pool of lactic acid microorganisms, the production of finished products of high quality and the prevention of microbial spoilage. It is shown that at the first stage of fermentation lactobacilli of the genus L. mesenteroides play a determining role. It is their "work" to create optimal conditions for the development of the target lactic microflora depends on the quality of the finished product. This fact should be taken into account when creating industrial bacterial starter cultures – "starter cultures" for the directed process of fermentation of vegetables.

Relevance. Carbohydrates are integral components of the cells and tissues of all living organisms of the plant and animal world; they are important components of the plant cell walls, as well as the extracellular matrix of animal and human tissues. The type of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides determines their biological functions for the organism. However, it is difficult to establish the relationship between the structure of the carbohydrate molecule and its biological function.Methods. In this article, the author provides an overview of methods for identifying the monosaccharide composition of plant polymers by capillary electrophoresis, in order to optimize the sample preparation procedure and the conditions of analysis. A scheme for the stepwise release of polysaccharides from raw materials is given: the isolation of soluble monosaccharides and polysaccharides, the extraction of the pectin fraction, the extraction of cellulose and hemicelluloses, in order to study the composition of each fraction. A procedure for acid hydrolysis of polymers to monosaccharides using oxidizing agents such as sulfuric and trifluoroacetic acid is described. In the final part of the article, three different schemes for the identification of the monosaccharide composition were analyzed, namely, separation of the components under strongly alkaline conditions, preliminary derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, preliminary preparation of (S) (-) α-methylbenzylamine S-PEA) derivatives.Results or Findings. An analysis of the literature shows that the composition of polysaccharides is widely studied by various methods. At the same time, a number of problems remain associated with the implementation of these methods in terms of sample preparation and identification of all monosaccharides characteristic of the studied raw materials. The method of capillary electrophoresis can solve some of these problems; however, little has been studied. The study of carbohydrates in plant objects begins with the procedure for extracting carbohydrates (polysaccharides and monosaccharides) from the plant matrix, hydrolysis of polysaccharides, and subsequent identification using the CE method. The optimization of this scheme of the CE method for determining the composition of polysaccharides is an urgent scientific task.

Relevance. Meeting the needs of the pharmaceutical industry with essential oil raw materials and natural essential oils is relevant.Methods. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness the complex application by organomineral fertilizer EcoFys and the growth regulator Zircon on sage (Salvia officinalis L.) in conditions of Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The experimental part of the work was performed in Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in 2014-2015 by field experiments.Results. It has been established, that integrated application EcoFys and Zircon can increase yield of culture. In addition, it is shown that contain of essential oil in medicinal raw don’t increase and raising collection of essential oil provides only due to higher yield of herb.

Relevance Currently, the requirements for modern tomato hybrids are increasing both from consumers and from producers. Modern tomato hybrids in extended circulation should yield at least 60 kg / m2, be distinguished by high quality of fruits, early ripeness, possess manufacturability, resistance to major diseases. Along with the traditional form of fruits, hybrids with original shape, color, taste and aroma are interesting for manufacturers. Methods The aim of the research was the variety study of indeterminant F1 hybrids of tomato breeding of the company "Gavrish" in JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region. Studies were conducted in 2017-2018 in the extended and summer-autumn turnover in the conditions of JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region in accordance with generally accepted recommendations for research with vegetable crops in greenhouses. The objects of the study in extended circulation were tomato hybrids: F1 Bao Bab, F1 Baloven, the F1 Torero hybrid was taken as a control. In the summerautumn turnover, a study was made of the rose hybrid – F1 Panthera; the Rosario F1 hybrid was used as a control; a hybrid with a plum-shaped fruit – F1 Armata, control – a hybrid F1 Lezghinka. Results According to the results of the study of tomato hybrids, the selection of the Gavrish company at the enterprise made the decision to grow it in extended circulation and increase the area under F1 Baloven, in the summer-autumn turnover under the F1 Panthera hybrid.

Essential oil crops and their essential oils are widely used in perfumery, cosmetic and food industries, traditional and folk medicine. The most important qualitative characteristic of essential oil crops is the content, component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) belong to the promising essential oil crops for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy has created a number of varieties of essential oil crops, including 3 varieties of basil Ocimum basilicum L., 1 variety of basil Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) and 1 variety of hyssop Hyssopus officinalis L. The new varieties of basil and hyssop are characterized by a complex of morphometric, morphological and phenological sings.In the studies of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy and the Belarusian State Technological University, the yield and content of essential oils of new zoned varieties of basil and common hyssop were analyzed. Using the method of enantioselective gas chromatography, the component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils of the studied varieties was determined. As a result of the research, it was determined that each variety has its own characteristic component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils. The studied varieties of basil and common hyssop contained up to 20 and 18 different components of essential oils respectively. The features of the component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils allow identifying the already created varieties of essential oil crops, as well as carrying out their selection to create varieties with certain properties.

Relevance. In recent years vegetable crop Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis var. purpuraria (synonyms: Brassica campestris L. var.purpurea Bailey; Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. purpurea) is gaining popularity as an object of genetic and molecular researches, and as an economically valuable vegetable plant due to the high content of biologically active compounds and distinctive economically valuable traits. Effective technology for development DH-plants to accelerate the breeding process for this culture has not been developed yet, so research in this area is relevant.Materials and methods. The study included two varieties from the collection of Vavilov AllRussian Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR): No. 1301 (China) and No. 1357(Netherlands). Both protocols standard unmodified and with addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in the medium for embryogenesis induction were used in experiments for production of DH plants from isolated microspore in vitro. Direct chromosome counting in meristem cells and flow cytometry were used to determine the ploidy of regenerating plants.Results. As a result of the study embryogenesis in B. purpuraria culture can develop with the use of a standard protocol as well as with the addition of silver nitrate that showed a positive effect on the induction of embryogenesis. The yield of embryoids varied depending on the genotype of the individual plant within the variety accession. The highest yield of embryoids was 40 embryoids/petri dish. The main problem at the stage of regeneration is that about half of the regenerating plants occurred to be albinos and were not viable. We show a high degree of spontaneous chromosome doubling in regenerated plants (all analyzed plants were doubled haploids). In total 38 regenerated plants were obtained from accession No. 1301. It was shown that four DH-plants had self-incompatibility after self-pollination, but seed progeny from other plants was obtained. The created material was taken for genetics study and breeding work.

The article presents the results of research on the biology of willow-carrot aphid and evaluation of varieties and hybrids of garden carrot in the Bryansk region. The aim of scientific research was to study the biological characteristics of willow-carrot aphid - Cavariella aegopodii (Scop.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), the influence of weather and climatic conditions on the pest prevalence, the degree of plant population, as well as the evaluation of varieties and hybrids of garden carrot on the complex of economically valuable traits. It was established that the average daily temperature of 18°C and above contributed to the intensive pest infestation of carrot plants in the first decade of July. The peak of the number of willow-carrot aphids was noted in I-II decades of July. With the increase of temperature increased the fecundity of females of the aphid up to 60-70 larvae. In 2017-2018 detected relatively resistant varieties and hybrids of garden carrot – Minor, Marlinka, Nantskaya 4, Nadezhda F1with an average damage score of 1.0-1.17. The variety Shantena royal is marked with plants with an average score of 2.43, which characterizes the average resistance of the variety to damage. In the Bryansk region on the basis of "mass of roots" on average, over two years of research significantly exceeded the standard (variety Nante 4) Shantena 2461, Shantena Royal, Minor, Nante, Cupar F1, Nadezhda F1, Mars F1 by 6.2 - 37.1 per cent. On the basis of "marketable yield" varieties and hybrids of Mars F1, Cupar F1, Nadezhda F1, Shantena royal, Nante, Minor were distinguished. According to the results of biochemical analysis, a variety of Nante with a high content of carotene (185.1 mg/kg), dry matter (13.3%) and low nitrate accumulation (110.2 mg/kg) was isolated. During two years of research in the conditions of the Bryansk region, it was established that Minor, Nadezhda F1 combined relative resistance to willow-carrot aphids damage and were distinguished on the basis of “commercial yield”.