The popularity and wide spread of table beet due to its high nutritional qualities, content of biologically active substances (betaine and betanin), that make it a functional food. For Russia, characterized by a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, varieties with high adaptability are necessary. Results of studying the genetic resources of table beet, including evaluation of cold resistance and non-bolting, monogermicity, productivity and quality of production are given in article. 56 accessions received by the collection of VIR from 17 countries are served as material for researches. Field study, evaluation of accessions during storage and analysis were carried out according to the methodological instructions of VIR. The evalution of the different origin beet accessions for their bolting showed that varieties from Sweden and Finland, as well as from the northwestern region of Russia, were the most bolting resistant. The variation in the level of bolting in domestic varieties of table beet was significant: from resistant to strongly bolting. The greatest tendency to bolting was observed in domestic varieties of southern origin. The harmfulness of the black root is especially significantly in the modern technology of beet cultivation, when sowing is carried out at a given density of standing plants. There are no varieties absolutely resistant to black root yet. Extra Early Egypt (USA), Banko (Sweden) and Fire Chief (USA), Detroit Supra and Detroit Bolivar (Netherlands), Kholodostoikaya 19 (Belarus), Bravo (Russia) were carried out from the studied accessions. The varieties of wide range, which annually provide a stable harvest in different soil and climatic conditions: Special Crosby (USA) and Forono (Denmark), Bordo 237 (Russia). For the Northern areas as well as inwinter and early spring sowings varieties Fiere Chief и Extra Early (USA), Banko and Adoptiv (Sweden), Podzimnyaya-474 Polyarnaya Ploskaya (Russia) are suitable.

The article deals with the stages of obtaining heterosis hybrids F1 watermelon. To solve the problem of creating heterosis hybrids watermelon allocated parent line with nuclear (gene) male sterility, which has a marker recessive trait – a single leaf blade. On the basis of this line, we create F1 watermelon hybrids that meet the requirements of modern production. The characteristic of the maternal line (line HMS) having sterile male flowers (gene ms) and wholeness (nl), light green color of the fruit (g), which is also a recessive trait. Also, the assessment on complex resistance to Fusarium and Anthracnose in linear hybrids F1 watermelon showed their superiority over the parent lines and a significant excess of the standard. Determined the combining ability of hybrid combinations of watermelon were evaluated for yield. According to the results of the evaluation of the ability to combine, a positive effect on productivity showed a combination with the paternal lines: Uspeh, Nice, Medunok, Vostorg, Favorite, Stimul, Icar, Rubyn, Pamyat Kholodova. The effect of more than 20 t / ha showed paternal lines Pamyat Kholoova, Favorite, Ikar. The optimal variant of the parent forms ratio is o: m: o: m: o (1:2), this scheme provides a higher hybridity of the obtained seeds. Hybridity of the obtained seeds was determined in the nurseries of preliminary and competitive variety testing. Hybridity of seeds was from 84.2 to 96.3%, which is satisfactory for industrial crops, where non-hybrid plants will be removed at breakthrough on the marker basis. Separated hybrids Line Cms x Rubyn, Line Cms x Medunok, the Line Cms x Favorite, Line Cms x Vostorg, Line Cms x Icar. The aim of the research was to develop the stages of obtaining heterosis hybrids F1 watermelon.

Studies were conducted in the Moscow region. The object of research is leek (Allium porrum L.). As a result of carrying out an experiment with ten grades of leek of domestic and foreign selection high-quality reaction on accumulation of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr is revealed. It is found out that leek is not the fissile accumulator of accumulation of pollyutant in the conditions of the Central Non-black zone. On the average on ten varieties accumulation 137Cs 13.5 made Bq/kg, at a grade 4. However at the study of high quality standards forms that contained less radionuclides in comparison with others were allocated. On maintenance 90Sr distribution on the groups of accumulation of sorts approaches normal. A group is most representative with the middle level of accumulation of radionuclide 90Sr: from 15.4 to 16.5 Bq/kg. It contains two standards from ten studied forms by the high level of maintenance 90Sr sorts differ Goliath and Kazimir. In the conditions of vegetation of 2016 and 2017 indicators on morphological features are received: number of leaves, plant height, leaves length, leaves width. By us it is defined that the varieties of Giraffes, accumulating 137Cs in less as compared to other standards of varieties, excels substantially all standards of varieties 137Cs on such quantitative sign as a "number of leaves". It should be noted that the analysis of the received results demonstrates that at a high level of accumulation 137Cs of a plant created larger leaves and had higher chance stalk in comparison with plants with low level of accumulation of an element (137Cs).

A large number of forms and varieties of garlic created in the selection process allowed this culture to spread almost all over the world: in temperate regions, in subtropics and even in tropical regions. Currently, the world's acreage of garlic is 1.438 million hectares, the average yield is 16.9 tons per hectare, the gross yield is 24.255 million tons. The largest producers of garlic are China, India, South Korea and Egypt. The highest yield was recorded in Uzbekistan, Egypt, China, Tadjikistan. In Uzbekistan, it is grown everywhere, mainly on household plots and small areas in farms. In the republic, varieties of garlic are South-violet (1972) and May VIR (1978). Since 2004, the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the VegetableMelon Crops and Potato Research Institute has been conducting selection work to create new varieties of garlic. As a result of the research, the Chidamli variety was introduced and, since 2016, introduced into the State Register. All zoned varieties belong to the group of autumn-sprouting varieties. In 2011- 2015, about 100 promising clones of garlic were evaluated in the south of Uzbekistan. The effectiveness of selection for the size of bulbs and teeth is revealed. Clones with a mass of bulbs and teeth are isolated. Clones with a bulb weight of more than 80 g and a tooth mass of more than 6 g are distinguished. They are a valuable source for the creation of high-yielding varieties of garlic in Uzbekistan.

Shallot is one of the most popular onion crops at present. This is a multi-purpose crop in terms of possible use of its economically valuable features. In order to realize the potential of this crop, its varieties are needed. The work on the development of varieties adapted to the conditions of the south of West Siberia was carried out by the plant breeders of the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station from 1999 through 2018. The research goal was to study introduced and local forms of shallot variety accessions and to obtain varieties adapted to the conditions of Siberia with high indices of economically valuable features. In 1999, the plant breeders began working with the collection of shallot hybrid material obtained by polycross method at the Siberian Research Institute of Crop Production and Plant Breeding. Shallot variety accessions introduced in different climatic zones (Far East, Kazakhstan, Krasnodar, the Urals, Siberia, Non-Chernozem Zone and Holland) were used as initial forms for hybridization. Five variety accessions were obtained; they successfully underwent the State Variety Testing and were released.

In commodity farms, the technology of growing onions is sown by sowing seeds from a one-year crop. This, in turn, introduces new requirements for growing technology, technical means and, most importantly, for varieties and hybrids of onions. The average yield of onion in Russia is at a low level - 20-30 tons / ha. New varieties and hybrids must have precocity, high yield, resistance to diseases and pests, good crabness. The success of selection work, as is known, is largely determined by the source material. The priority is to create heterotic hybrids of onion, showing increased viability, high stable yield and leveling, general resistance to pathogens, increasing the content of vitamins, proteins, dry substances, increasing cold resistance, drought resistance, and keeping quality. In the department of selection and seed production of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSBSI FSVC is breeding onions for growing in the annual culture of the Central strip of Russia. The study was conducted in 2017 with the setting of experiments in the open field. In the collection nursery 24 samples of onions of different geographical origin were investigated: Russia, the Netherlands, Italy and the USA. During the study, phenological, biometric measurements and a morphological description of the samples were carried out. As a result of the study of a set of economically valuable traits, the following samples of onion were identified and involved in the work: Ermak, Stuttgarter Riesen, Sturon, Forward, Crx 2381 F1, Santero F1, Sandra F1, Lamyca F1, Bennito F1, Premium F1.

As part of working on the solution of the task of importing asparagus beans, it is necessary to create a conveyor of green beans for vegetables during the growing season under the conditions of the Central Nonchernozem Zone (CNZ). In this regard, in 2018, work was continued on the evaluation of the existing collection of the FSBSI FSVC on economically valuable grounds, which allowed pre-select promising samples for further breeding work. According to the results of the assessment of the collection variety samples of vegetable beans in 2018, 30 variety samples of different groups of ripeness were identified as initial forms for breeding work on creating varieties that meet the requirements of the processing industry and creating a conveyor for producing asparagus products in the CNZ. Selected varieties are described and evaluated for the productivity of beans and seeds, suitability for mechanized harvesting, quality of the bean, seed size, resistance to the most harmful diseases. It is important to note that the year 2018 was unfavorable for the optimal development of culture due to the negative weather conditions that developed from the 3rd decade of May to the 2nd decade of June. This has made its own adjustments to the development of plants, as a result of which the assessment on some grounds is not indicative.

When working with pollen, it is important to keep its functional parameters for some time. To do this, you need to choose the best conditions to preserve pollen germination. The influence of different method of pollen storage of inbred plants of beetroot on its functional characteristics, at germination on artificial nutrient medium under conditions in vitro. When storing pollen in eppendorf tube for the second-third day, the pollen germination decreased by 3-10 times compared to the initial value, after a week of storage, pollen was in conglomerates, a lot of burst pollen. When stored on the sprigs for the seventh to eighth days, the decrease in pollen germination was no more than 30% of the control, and the growth rate of the pollen tube in most samples remained approximately at the control level. For a comparative analysis of the germination of pollen of inbred plants beetroot when evaluating a large set of samples, it is recommended to store flowering twigs in paper bags at a reduced temperature (10-12°C). This is important when working with a large set of samples where it is not possible to compare them at the same time.

Possibility of pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators of steroid and iridoid nature has been studied while growing onions. In the experiment, an "ecostim" preparation has been used for the pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds, the active ingredient of which is the glycoside of the steroid nature of tomatosides isolated from the seeds of Solanum lycopersicum L., as well as the sum of iridoid glycosides (linarosides) from Linaria vulgaris Mill. To identify the technological parameters of the use of plant growth bio-regulators preliminary testing has been conducted in the Laboratory of Natural Bio-Regulators of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, A comparison of the effectiveness of the compounds obtained on the germination of onion seeds has shown that the greatest stimulation has been achieved by using low concentrations (0.0001% - 0.001%) of tomatoside solutions (eostimis preparation) and higher concentrations (0.005% - 0.01%0 of linarosides. Production tests have been carried out in the field in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. Variety specificity of the impact of natural bio-regulators has been determined by the example of 3 varieties of onions, different in terms of maturation, resistance, etc. (Pinguin, Diamant and Chalcedon). It has been proved that the effect of the tested growth regulators has a pronounced varietal specificity and mainly is determined by the early maturity of the variety. It has been found that the compounds studied were most effective when growing onions under unfavorable conditions, and the amount of iridoid glycosides from the linaria had a greater stimulating effect compared with the tomatoside. Seed treatment with bio-regulators has provided the simultaneous emergence of seedlings, the leveling in growth and development of plants, as well as increased the yield of onions by 27.6% - 41.3%.

The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 on the experimental fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of the city of Almaty, under irrigation conditions. The aim of the research was a comprehensive field assessment of selective onion samples with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galantum and their derivatives – varietal-linear hybrids obtained by pollination with domestic cultivars. Visual assessment, which was conducted on the background of natural disease infection, showed that 20 accessions of onions had a very weak susceptibility to peronosporosis (1-10% of leaves); 63 – weak susceptibility (11-25% of the leaves); 91 - average susceptibility (26- 50% of leaves); 118 – severe susceptibility (more than 51% of the leaves). As the results of the research showed, onion accessions differed significantly in terms of productivity: the gross yield varied from 13,3 to 83,6 t/ha, the commodity yields ranged from 10,6 to 78,3 t/ha, and the marketability ranged from 65,4 up to 98,8%. Yield level above 70 t/ha had breeding accessions with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galanthum: ON518, ON533, ON519 and ON516, amounting to 83,6; 75,3; 74,2 and 73,4 t/ha, respectively. Very high marketability of bulbs had breeding accessions ON171 – 98,8%, ON439 – 97,6% and ON158 – 96,8%. The value of storage losses varied depending on the genotype of the selected onion breeding material. The greatest physiological reduction in weight was observed in the accessions ON517 – 32,1%, ON516 – 26,5%, ON533 – 24,2% and ON336 – 17,7%, and the lowest - in the accessions ON431 – 4,6%, ON486 – 4,0% and ON327 – 3,4%. The correlation analysis showed a weak relationship between the parameters of the onion yield and its storabilioty (R = -0,10-0,24). Storability was mainly due to the physiological reduction in weight (R = -0,59), bulb soft rot (R = -0,59) and bulb sprouting (R = -0,69).