Relevance The relevance of the bioenergy assessment follows from the requirements of modern production: energy saving per unit of output. Methods The article presents the data of bioenergy evaluation of the use of table predecessors, types of fertilizers and growth regulators in the technology of watermelon cultivation. Results The results of studies have shown that from the energy point of view, the proposed methods of cultivation of watermelon, are effective, because the coefficient of energy efficiency in all the studied variants is more than one. Studies have revealed the advantage of a layer of perennial grasses as a precursor to watermelon: CEE – 2.55 at its values according to the predecessor of winter rye – 1.70. The use of mineral fertilizers dose N60P90K60 in rain conditions leads to a significant increase in energy consumption of commercial products, 1.7 times more in the formation of perennial grasses and 1.3 times more than the predecessor of winter rye. A decrease in the CEE and an increase in the cost of total energy and energy intensity of 1 ton of products using manure 27 t / ha in relation to mineral fertilizers. Comparative energy analysis showed high efficiency of using water-soluble fertilizers and growth regulators for soaking seeds and processing of vegetating plants in watermelon cultivation. The use of these agricultural practices can reduce the energy costs of total energy by 70-79% compared with the introduction of mineral fertilizers dose N60P90K60, with an increase in the energy efficiency coefficient from 1.54 to 2.68-2.77. As shown by calculations from the energy point of view, the best was the reception of cultivation of watermelon table using for seed soaking and processing plants in vegetation water-soluble fertilizer master special with the addition of growth regulator megapol, the value of the EPS was amounted to 2.99, which is 7.9% and 11.5% more in comparison with potassium Humate and Ribav-extra, respectively.

Breeding of high-tech varieties of vegetable peas is a priority ефыл selection at the present stage. The main requirement of processing enterprises is full and timely loading of production lines with high-quality raw materials. Peas should be aligned in size, of intense green color with high biochemical parameters. Therefore, the newly created varieties should combine a number of characteristics: high and stable yields, simultaneous ripening, resistance of the stem to lodging, resistance to most common diseases. The combination of these features allows to realize the potential of the culture fully, and to find wide application in production for created varieties. Since the 80s of the last century, FSBSI «FSVC» (Moscow region) has been actively working to increase the suitability of vegetable pea varieties for mechanized harvesting. Since these years, a number of varieties with strong shortened internodes and stem height not more than 80-90 cm have been created. Reducing plant height has improved the manufacturability of vegetable pea varieties, the stems resistance to lodging during the technical stage of ripeness has been significantly increased. However, in the biological stage of ripeness, the stem degree of lodging has been preserved, which creates additional difficulties in the seed production of vegetable peas. Since 2008, the direction of breeding has been adjusted to improve the stems resistance to lodging in combination with other economically significant traits (determinant type of growth, mustache type of leaf, green color of peas, duration of the technical stage of ripeness). As a result of this work, new varieties Cruiser, Viking, Triumph, Corsair, Barin, Hercules, Egorka have been created. The work is to introduce these varieties into production is being carried.

Intense light culture, the most impotent part of a regulated agroecosystem, makes it possible to produce high quality plant products all year round in any region of the world in close proximity to the consumer. It is most economically viable to use light culture for growing vegetables in the Far North, where there is an acute shortage of fresh vegetables and vitamins. Our studies of the range of different vegetable crops have shown that when using artificial lighting and low-volume cultivation technologies, many plant species and varieties have low productivity, low adaptability to the relevant conditions, and therefore unprofitable for mass production. To expand the range of vegetable products intended for cultivation in the light culture, it is necessary to do a massive screening of the varieties and hybrids of various crops available in the world assortment with the aim of selecting the best and also purposeful breeding of new forms and varieties maximally adapted to the appropriate cultivation technologies. The purpose of this work was to create new forms of small radish for light culture, having the necessary complex of economically valuable characters. The use of the previously developed methodology of predicting transgressions for economically valuable plant traits allowed us to obtain new promising forms of radish with using purposeful hybridization and subsequent stabilizing selection. Their characteristics are high productivity and early maturity (ripeness to harvesting for 21-25 days from seeding), the ability to produce marketable yield of roots in a small volume of root medium, resistance to bolting at higher temperatures. A number of the obtained forms also has a compact rosette of leaves and an almost glabrous leaf of the salad type. Marketable productivity of new forms of radish in intense light culture conditions reaches 5,5 kg/m2 (for hybrids F1) and 4 kg/m2 for stable lines, which is twice or more than the productivity of the parental cultivars and one and a half times more than the best in productivity cultivars that were tasted in light culture.

Relevance. Healthy eating is one of the many steps that lead to a healthy nation. It implies the provision of the human body with all the necessary elements for its normal functioning. Within the framework of import substitution, it is extremely important to identify and popularize valuable crops that are suitable for cultivation in the territory of the Russian Federation. One of these rarely studied and insufficiently studied cultures is the leaf variety of beet –chard (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. сicla). Man uses in the food the fleshy petioles and leaves of this plant.Material and methods. The purpose of the research was to identify the characteristics of the biochemical composition of chard and compare them with the widespread red beet. The object of the study was 44 accessions of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) and 32 accessions of chard from the VIR collection, differing in phenotype and origin. The accessions were cultivated in the vegetable crop rotation in the Research and production base “Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIR” (Pushkin, Leningrad region) for two years (2014 and 2015). Biochemical analysis was performed using standard methods. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the metabolites was assessed using GС-МS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry).Results. The results of the study revealed significant variability of indicators depending on the specific genotype. The indicators of the content of ascorbic acid, protein and pigments: betanin in beetroot and β -carotene in leafy can be attributed to slightly varying. A detailed comparative description of the content of carbohydrate profile metabolites is given. It is shown that chard is better balanced in terms of monosaccharides content, differs in low sucrose content. The amino acid composition of chard is richer and more diverse than that of table beet, it is significantly ahead of table beet in essential amino acids for humans. Selected accessions of chard are recommended for use in infant, dietary and diabetic nutrition. Due to the high protein content (83% higher than that of red beet), the culture is recommended as an ingredient for feed production. Leaf beet has a number of valuable advantages: unpretentious in cultivation, decorative and, most importantly, has great potential for use in human nutrition and fodder production.

The bright yellow flowers are edible pumpkin - a good source of antioxidant compounds . The maximum level of  hydroxycinnamic acids  noted  in  the  half  parted flower . The remaining components were studied at the maximum in the unopened buds .  By the beginning of the flower opens flavonoids and carotenoids concentration  decreased gradually .  In  full disclosure of  the flower phase of the content of these components increases again, but it did not reach the initial level. A similar, but  less  pronounced  trend  of  the  observed and chlorophyll .

At the first stage of breeding, the new source material was created to obtain a variety of daikon resistant to abiotic factors with high productivity and commercial qualities, better taste, and biochemical properties. Eighteen samples from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, China, Korea, and Japan were in the nursery of the original forms. The following breeding types were used in the hybrid nursery: 1) crossing of several morphologically close samples originating from geographically remote areas; 2) paired crosses of morphologically and biologically different samples. Breeding was carried out on an accelerated scheme: before harvesting, samples were evaluated for resistance to bolting, shape and color of the roots, taste qualities, and affection with diseases; in February, the roots were planted in temporary greenhouses in pairs for hybridization; seeds were threshed in mid-July; the hybrid seeds were sown on the roots in early August; the roots were harvested and evaluated 60-65 days after the moment of sprouting. Then, the 1.5-year cycle was repeated until the constant lines were obtained. Yield fluctuations were determined by taking into account the sum of effective temperatures and precipitation for the period “sprouting – harvest” [4]. Slight variability in the yield at high agronomic stability was observed for the varieties Sokol, Gulliver, and hybrid No. 41. The standard (variety Klyk slona) differed from other varieties by high variability in the yield and insufficiently high agronomic stability (66%). We found that there was the fluctuation of the yield of modern varieties: Klyk slona by 22 t/ha, Gulliver by 9 t/ha, Sokol by 14 t/ha, and hybrid No. 41 by 15 t/ha. It was estimated that for every 1 degree Celsius rise in the amounts of effective temperatures the yield of the aforementioned varieties decreased: 9.7; 38; 7.4 and 66 kg/ha, respectively. And, vice versa, if the amount of precipitation increased by 1 mm, the yield of Klyk slona would increase by 17 kg/ha, Gulliver - by 10 kg/ha, Sokol - by 11 kg/ha, and hybrid No. 41 – by 6 kg/ha. The technology and method for initial seed production of daikon have been developed with the preserved economic and biological characteristics. The daikon variety Sokol was created and included in the State Register.

Research work  was  carried  out  at  the  Pridnestrovian research  Institute of agriculture in 2014-2017 in film greenhouses (spring-summer  and summer turnover) and in the open ground when grown in the spreading and on the trellis. Much attention was paid to the degree and nature of the manifestation of heterosis in F1   hybrids, which were estimated by early and total yield, yield of standard fruits, yield of gherkins. The standards were F1      hybrids: Zubrenok and Ajax. The purpose of the work is the selection of bee-pollinated hybrids of universal cucumber for protected and open ground. Created in  the  Transnistrian  agricultural research Institute pollinated by bees hybrids of cucumber universal destination F1   Korolek, F1   Sverchok, F1   Viurok is characterized by a high yield of gherkins in both factions that is currently the most promising in the areas of plant breeding and seed production of hybrids and commercial production of cucumber.  New  bee-pollinated hybrids: F1   Korolek, F1 Sverchok, F1 Viurok pass state variety testing in the Republic of Moldova and entered in the Register of breeding achievements in Transdniestria in 2017.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the market of vegetable products and identify factors that negatively affect the development of vegetable growing. The analysis of vegetable production showed that the share of production of commercial vegetables in Russia is about half the capacity of the domestic market. Despite unfavorable  conditions in 17 subjects of the Federation and the decrease in the vegetable field, the gross harvest of vegetables remained at the level of 2016. in the current foreign economic conditions, self-sufficiency  in food is a priority. The main reasons for the lack of Russian vegetables in the market are highlighted. In order to ensure the consumption of vegetable products according to the standards recommended by the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to provide for the creation of  large-scale vegetable production, including organic vegetable growing, within the framework of a private-state partnership with a state share of more than 50% to ensure state needs and necessary reserves; for the acquisition of resourcetechnical products in the implementation  of the project program in the areas of large-scale  vegetable-growing,  organize branches of Rosagroleasing;  extend the roadmap to promote import substitution until 2025 and other.

A significant disadvantage of one-time seed fruit gatherings  used in operations  of seed farms is the usage of different-age  fruits (unripe, overripe and of optimally mature) for extracting seeds, that respectively have seeds with different sowing features. Carrying out several sequential  gatherings  that have not yet reached the biological maturity of the seed fruits, and their subsequent storage, makes it possible to avoid these problems. Through the example the Lunnyi watermelon  variety, the article presents the results of studying a new method of conducting seed production of polycarpous  varieties of cucurbits crops, including carrying out of frequent seed fruit gatherings  not in biological ripeness, but at the stage of technical maturity and subsequent storage of collected seed fruits seeds for some period until receiving by seeds of the high sowing  features. It has been established that for the production of certified seeds of the Lunnyi watermelon  variety, it is possible to collect 15-20-day-old fruits and store them for after-ripening purpose for 20  days before releasing  (extracting)  the seeds. The studied method allows to significantly  increase the overall productivity  of seed crops. Running the seed breeding of melons and gourds, which form a large number of fruits, based on frequent gatherings and subsequent storage of batches of seed fruits before seed extraction is very cost-effective and economically-viable, even despite a significant increase of the production cost by 30-40%. The method allows to increase the yield of seed material per area unit by 140-155% and to advance, first of all, the germination readiness of seeds to match the first class under the sowing features. On the basis of the conducted research, it was obtained a patent for the invention “Method of conducting seed production of polycarpous  varieties of vegetables and cucurbits crops”.

The value of the root chicory is due to the unique chemical composition of its roots. Depending on the variety, place of growth and growing conditions of culture chicory roots contain 72.0-77.0% water, 1.0-1.2% protein, 0.1-0.3% fat, 1.0-6.0% sugar, 12.0-30% inulin, 1.3-1.8% fiber, 1.1-1.9% ash, 0.3-0.4% phosphorus, 1.3-1.4% potassium, 0.3-0.4% calcium. Chicory roots can serve as a raw material for the production of various products: coffee surrogate, alcohol, sugar substitute and inulin in its pure form. Depending on the type of final product, the processing industry has different requirements for the chemical composition of the root crops. Coffee-chicory industry makes demands of the high content of inulin in the roots as the main nutritional flavor substratum, the high content of glucoside of inhibin reporting chicory drink a specific coffee flavor and aroma, and low content of proteins. The sugar industry is interested in a high percentage of inulin and other soluble carbohydrates that are easily converted into sugars, and in a small content of intibin, which gives the product a bitter taste, as well as in a small amount of proteins that are the most malicious pathogens that complicate sugar extraction. In the production of pure inulin, the processing industry is primarily interested in ensuring that the content of this carbohydrate in the root crops is as high as possible. The alcohol industry is interested in a high content of soluble carbohydrates as the main source material for alcohol, in a high content of soluble proteins as a nutrient substrate for the development of yeast cultures in the fermentation of sugar and in a high content of phosphorus and potassium salts, also necessary for the successful reproduction of yeast. The article reflects the economic importance of root chicory as a raw material for the needs of different types of industry (coffee-cyclical, alcohol, sugar), depending on the content of different substances in the root crops. The chemical composition, dynamics of accumulation of substances during the growing season and their distribution in different parts of the root crop are reflected.