The article gives a historical overview of expeditionary surveys of the Republic of Kazakhstan territory by the VIR employees with the aim of collecting local vegetable and melon crops from the first expedition in 1925 and to present days. A total of 13 expeditions of VIR were carried out across Kazakhstan, including cooperative surveys with employees of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing. The role of Vavilov and his associates in the formation of the Institute's collections, the continuity of ideas and traditions in the scientific work with plant genetic resources are emphasized. The analysis of the dynamics of receipt of expeditionary samples in the collection of VIR is given. The current state and significance of local vegetable resources of vegetable and melon crops of Kazakhstan for breeding use in the Russian Federation is shown. The botanical status of the collected seed material is reflected and the results of long-term comprehensive ecological and geographical study of the collection at VIR stations are presented. Genetic sources of valuable traits are identified in various directions of breeding in cabbage, tomato, carrot, radish, radish, watermelon, melon and pumpkin for use in breeding programs. It is emphasized that the creation of highly productive varieties and plant hybrids that combine high quality with resistance to a complex of biotic and abiotic factors can be successful in breeding with the wide use of wild species, semi-cultural and primitive forms and local varieties with a high degree of adaptation . Taking into account the exclusion of local varieties from production by highly productive varieties, the role of preserving their variability in gene banks is growing. Long-term international scientific cooperation contributes to the solution of the tasks of mobilizing plant resources by conducting expedition collections, conservation and rational use of plant genetic resources.

The article reveals the essence and systematizes the advantages of financial and economic integration. In the agro-industrial complex, this kind of integration contributes to attracting investments and reducing risks for investors, increasing the competitiveness and economic growth of the region. The relevance of the study is due to insufficiently researched remains many aspects of the functioning of integrated business systems in relation to individual industries, in particular, to agroindustrial production. The aim of the article is to study theoretical approaches to the essence of financial and economic integration in agro-industrial production and analyze the mechanism of investment support for the Russian agrarian sector, taking into account financial and economic integration. In preparing the article, general scientific methods of research were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison, classification. Results. The interpretation of financial and economic integration in Russian and foreign scientific publications is generalized. Distinctions of financial and economic integration are distinguished from other economic processes. The advantages of financial and economic integration for the economy and business entities are systematized. The importance of integrating industries and business entities in the agro-industrial complex, which is of strategic importance for ensuring Russia's food security, was noted. The branch structure of the agro-industrial complex is analyzed. The scheme of the integrated financial and economic mechanism in the agroindustrial complex is described. The importance of an optimal balance between cooperation and integration was underscored. The insufficiency of the methodological level of studies of agro-industrial integration is grounded. The components of the effect of financial and economic integration are considered. Positive effects of integration processes in the agroindustrial complex are presented. Conclusion: the use of different forms of integration in the agro-industrial complex clearly has a positive effect on the growth of investment support for regional agricultural production. The integrated system is the most beneficial form of cooperation between agricultural enterprises, which helps attract investment and reduces risks for investors, can increase the competitiveness and economic growth of the region.

Rich in high quality protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids and trace elements seeds, green fruits and young leaves broad beans (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) has long been used in the food, and the culture of beans are promising in biological agriculture and horticulture. The aim of this work was to study the structure of seed production of different varieties of broad beans in the South Central zone of the region. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) to study the structure of seed production of different varieties of broad beans (Belarusiskie, Velena, Russkie chernie, Aquadul) and determined the biochemical composition of seeds. Optimal height of attachment of the first fruit for mechanical harvesting (20-25 cm) characteristic of plants of all studied varieties. Weight of the fetus, according to the coefficient of variability, equal to 45%, distinguished by a strong variability on grades with a maximum grade of Velena. The length of fruit ranged from 9 to 13 cm and were characterized by moderate variability (V=20%). Seeds production is determinened not only by size of fruits of beans, but and its important components such as 1000 seed weight. Protein content in the seeds at 30% different varieties of broad beans domestic breeding. Contents of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and iron is higher in the cotyledons than in the skin. Dark purple color of the seed varieties of Russian black is due to the biosynthesis useful for human organism anthocyanins in seed peel.

In recent years the interest of the Russian citizens in “healthy diet” has been growing. An important role in this matter can play a low-calorie marrow squash considered as a dietary product, but rich with a lot of useful vitamins and saline minerals. In the selective seed-production enterprise “Master Semya” it is placed a high emphasis on the creation of varieties and F1 hybrids not only productive, but also attractive and eyecatching, with a high level of biochemical features. Within the research it was selected three maternal lines of a marrow and carried out the estimation of their overall combinational ability for yielding capacity and biochemical parameters. There were given recommendations on their use in the selection of F1 hybrids. The high values of overall combinational ability for the characteristics of “content of solid matter” and “sugar amount” were distinguished on the maternal line GRS ms. While assessing the economic utility of F1 hybrids of this maternal line, the attention should be paid to the manifestation of a specific combinational ability for productivity. On the characteristics of “yielding capacity of fruits” and “ascorbic acid content” it was noted a hybrid progeny of the maternal line GRA ms. Selections for specific combinational ability have to be made for a characteristic of high content of solid matter. The maternal line GRL ms has an average data on overall combinational ability for all the studied characteristics. Selections should be conducted according to certain distinguished combinations. The hybrid combinations were evaluated for the main agronomic features and pointed out the promising ones for industrial processing. For the sale in a fresh form and home cooking it is recommended marrow variety “Astor” as productive, with high biochemical characteristics, keeping the marketable qualities for a long time.

The result of collaboration work between Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding, the branch of The Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the company OOO Geterozisnaya Selectia on ecological trial and assessment of economically valuable traits were obtained in promising radish accessions. The data on influence of sowing terms on yielding ability, formation of flower bearing stalks was analyzed and morphological descriptions for radish accessions were given. It was shown that the development of marketable radish roots can be possible in condition of long lasting light period. When sowing in the second decade of June less number of flower stalks formed on the plants than on the control plants of ‘Raniy Krasniy’. The sowing in the first decade of August did not give any plants with flower stalks in accessions 17-12 and 17-13. The highest yield at first sowing term was observed in accession 17-12 at second sowing term in accession 17-13, 5.6 and 6.1 kg/m2 respectively. The accession 17-12 was distinguished by root weight, 19.2 g. The highest dry matter content (5.31%) was observed in accession 17-11; the highest total sugar content (2.18%) was in accession 17-12; the highest ascorbic acid content (25.1 mg %) was in accession 17-13. The comparative analysis of data on summer and autumn sowing terms showed that when sowing in summer time, at long lasting light period the radish accessions were characterized by the more number of plants with flower stalks; more developed leaf apparatus; larger roots and enriched biochemical composition as compared with the accessions sown in autumn time. All accessions tested belonged to early-maturing group, where the root formation takes for 22-25 days. For economically valuable traits the accessions 17-12 and 17-13 were selected out.

The thematic core facilities plan, CCU of Orel state agrarian university "Genetic resources of plants and their use" for a joint program with Shatilovskay of Institute of leguminous and cereal crops, of field and vegetation experiments on the study of specific features of manifestation of the activity of transpiration leaves of soybean are achieved. The object of the study were 10 varieties of soybeans that were grown on plots of 15 m2 in four replications. Seeding was carried out breeding seeder calculated 600 thousand of viable seeds per hectare. the way the plots were allocated systematically with offset. The care of crops was carried out in accordance with the recommended regional events. It was demonstrated that leaf transpiration activity of the culture increases sharply in the transition of plants to the generative period of development, reaching a maximum in the phase of mass fruit formation, when the most active growth and, consequently, the demand for assimilate. The intensity of transpiration of leaves during this period of plant development was by 8.22 mmol H2O/m2c. The highest transpiration activity was typical for the upper leaves located in the generative sphere of plants, the lowest - activity was fount for the lowerst leaves. On the 5th node from the bottom, its value was 2.2 times lower compared to the assimilating leaves at the top of the plants (3-4 knots top). Thus, the most intensive evaporation of the water by leaves are held from 9:00 to 13:00 hours Moscow time. The intensity of transpiration in this period amounted to an average of 5.42 mmol H2O/m2c, which was 19.9% higher than in the morning (from 7:00 to 8:00) and 42.3% in the afternoon (from 15:00 to 17:00).

The sweet pepper varieties ‘Dar Tashkenta’ and ‘Tong’ were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 1980 and 2005 respectively, and recommended for cultivation in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The planting schemes 70x30 (control), 70x20, 70x40, 70x40/2, 70x50 and 70x50/2 for these varieties were studied. The control variety was ‘Dar Tashkenta’. The feeding area and the number of plants per hectare embodiment was 0.21mІ2 and 47.6 thousand plants; 0.14 mІ2 and 71.4; 0.28 mІ2 and 35.7; 0.28 mІ2 and 71.4; 0.35 and 28.5 mІ2 and 0.35 mІ2 and 57.1 thousand plants. Studies were carried out in summer after harvesting early vegetable crops. During the spring period of the sweet pepper seedlings were planted in the second decade of April, they were planted in the second half of the month of June. It was shown that the planting samples and the density of plant standing had a different effect on the phenological phase of the varieties studied. In the variety of thickened ‘Dar Tashkenta’ (70x20 cm) to rarefied (70x50 cm) planting duration of about a period of from germination to 10% weight of technical maturity of the fruit was increased up to 8-10 days and amounted to 92-99 per day. The ‘Tong’ variety grew for 90-95 days. The phase of 75% of the technical ripeness of fruits in variety ‘Dar Tashkenta’ was for 108-114 days, in Tong for 104-110 days. The planting scheme has an influence on the following measurement parameters: the weight of the roots, the weight of the bush per plant, the number of leaves per plant, the area of the leaf blade, the number of stems of the first and second order, the length and diameter of the fruit, the number of fruits per one fruit set, the mass of fruit and yield. The number of plants from the first planting scheme to the last one was different and ranged from 28.5 to 71.4 thousand per ha. Therefore, the productivity of all varieties is estimated by the number of plants per unit area. Comparing with control (70x30 cm) variant, a low yield was obtained in both varieties with the planting schemes of 70x40 and 70x50 cm, according to the data 20.4 and 18.7 t/ha was in the ‘Tong’ variety 14.2 and 13.6 t/ha. In order to obtain a high yield, the optimal scheme of plant planting was recommended for ‘Dar Tashkenta’ and ‘Tong’: 70x20 and 70x40/2 cm, which corresponds to 71.4 thousand plants per hectare.

Development of functional food products technology is considered to be a prospect way for creating new food products. Such products are known to be popular among consumers. Utilization of plant proteins allows to widen and improve food assortment and quality. The article represents a review of plant proteins utilization in production of functional food. For optimization of flour confectionery chemical composition the authors utilized a method of receipts modeling. Simulation of combined products is based on the principles of food combinatorics and aims to create recipes of new types of food products on basis of methods of mathematical optimization by reasonable selection of the basic raw materials, ingredients, food additives and dietary supplements, totality of which ensures formation desired organoleptic, physical and chemical properties product as well as a predetermined level of food, biological and energy value. Modeling process of combined products recipes includes the following three stages: preparation of input data for the design, formalization requirements for the composition and properties of raw ingredients and quality final product, process modeling; product design with desired structural properties.

A biochemical evaluation of 25 radish accessions (Raphanus sativus L.) on esterase isozymes of mature seeds has been carried out. The results of the experiments showed a wide range of diversity among the genotypes based on electrophoretic zones of esterase isoenzymes. The revealed isoenzyme complex of esterases was represented by eight isoforms with molecular weights from 37.7 kD to 57.6 kD. All accessions were divided into 13 electrophoretic zymotypes, differing from each other by the presence or absence of definite zones. The most often observed electrophoretic zymo-type is Gr. 1, which includes 24% of the total number of accessions evaluated. There are 8 zymotypes (Gr. 6 Gr. 13) with a frequency of occurrence 4%. Three groups (Gr. 2 – Gr. 4) had the same frequency of occurrence – 12%. Zimotype of Gr. 5 containes the maximum number of zones – 8. 2 zimotypes – Gr. 3 and Gr. 12 had the smallest number of 4 zones. Two zones of esterases – zones 7 and 8 (Мr 39.7кD and Мr 37.7 kD, respectively) were monomorphic. The remaining six zones were polymorphic, i.e. could be absent in some zimotypes. The frequency of occurrence of each zone in different zymotypes has varied from 6.58% to 17.11%. As results of this research the accessions that were selected can become the most promising parent forms for future genetic and selection studies of this culture.

The process of embryogenesis and technological experimental protocol has been studied and applied to produce doubled haploid plants from microspore cultured in vitro in broccoli B. oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. italica Plenck. It was shown that successful embryoid development occurred from microspore isolated from buds 4-5 mm long, containing microspores at late vacuolated stage and pollen grain at twocell stage. The optimal temperature of treatment was 32 Cᵒ within 2 days after culture was launched. The embryoids were produced from the following broccoli accessions: Arcadia F1, Everest, Green Valiant, Marathon F1, and Furio. The highest embryoid yield was obtained from accession Green Valiant, and consisted of 140 embryoids per Petri dish, whereas the lowest yield was in Furio, up to 3 embryoids per Petri dish. The first microspore division was observed in all accessions in 2-3 days of cultivation. Further development of embryoids went either directly into usual embryoid or into suspensor-like structures. The embryoids with suspensor developed more slowly than embryoids without one. We observed the embryoid formation not only at distal end towards microspore originated the suspensor-like structure but also the formation of chain of embryoids, and all variation of twin embryoid combinations. The study of process of embryogenesis in isolated microspores in vitro showed that this method can be used both to produce doubled haploid plants and study the developmental stages of zygotic embryos and suspensors.