Relevance. Providing the population with functional, environmentally friendly and high-quality food is an urgent scientific and state problem. With prolonged use of contaminated products, the risk of various diseases increases. Therefore, the human diet should consist of functional, environmentally friendly products. The main goal of this research work was the production of high-quality jam from environmentally friendly raw materials of plant origin.Methods. For the preparation of the jam, the fruits of the Sosnovsky zucchini variety and the Lada melon of the technical and biological degree of maturity were used. The technological process of making jam took place in accordance with the technological requirements for this type of product. The content of biochemical parameters: dry matter, the amount of sugars, pectin and nitrates) were determined in fresh and finished (after the fermentation period) products.Results. Jam with a melon aroma was obtained with a glucose content of 4.5-6.73%, fructose - 4.66-7.17% with an accumulation of nitrates in the range of 127.1 mg / kg (fruits of biological maturity) and 131.6 mg / kg (fruits of technical maturity), which is 3.0-3.1 times lower than the maximum permissible concentration. The tasting committee rated the jam made from fruits of technical maturity at 4.3 points, and biological at 4.8 points. Thus, summarizing the results of our research, we can conclude that the jam made from zucchini fruits with the addition of melon is a functional, high-vitamin, environmentally friendly food product with high taste.

Relevance. Shallot is the universal culture in terms of its economically valuable indicators. Breeders in the south of Western Siberia carry out a lot of research work with the aim of creating varieties for Siberian conditions. Long-term studies have made it possible to select promising samples, and exceeding in their indicators the value of signs of released varieties.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in field and laboratory conditions on the basis of the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station in the Priobskaya zone of the Altai Territory in 2016-2020. Research objects: samples of the nursery of competitive variety testing. Three appreciable forms No. 37, No. 39 and No. 48 passed competitive variety testing and, according to the results of the research, were transferred to the State Variety Testing.Results. Sample No. 39 showed marketable yield, which exceeded this indicator of the standard variety by 23.7% and amounted to 23.2 t/ha. The average weight of the sample No. 39 marketable bulbs was 29.0 g, for the standard variety it was 23.4 g. The content of vitamin C in the bulbs and leaves of the new sample exceeded these indicators of the standard variety by 0.3% and 0.53%, respectively. In 2018, sample No. 37 was transferred to the State Variety Testing. This sample belongs to the early maturing group. The bulbs yield of the new sample during all the years of testing significantly exceeded the yield of the standard variety and amounted to 20.3 t/ha (2016- 2018). Sample No. 48 was submitted to the State Variety Testing in 2020. The excess in bulbs yield of this sample was (2019-2020): 13,3%, leaves – 18,8%. In 2019, the Sharm variety was zoned and entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements, in 2020 – the Chance variety. Sample No. 48 with the proposed name Pharaon has been undergoing the State Variety Testing since 2021.

Relevance. High voltage electric power transmission lines (HVEPTL) cover a fairly large area of agricultural land all over the world. Investigations of electromagnetic field effect on growth and development of plants are held in various countries. The reaction of individual plant species and even varieties to the electromagnetic field manifests itself in different ways. The network of HVEPTL is growing steadily in our region as well. Nevertheless, information about the effect of the electromagnetic field on bean plants is rather scares. The aim of the present work was to evaluate HVEPTL effect on the growth and development of vegetable beans, depending on the intensity of the electromagnetic field.Material and Methods. The work was achieved on green beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Sakfit, Pagoda, MBZ 556, Arishka cvs) grown in conditions of different electromagnetic field values under HVEPTL. Biometrical parameters, plant productivity, yield, dry matter, photosynthetic pigments content, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were determined.Results. In the ranges of electric field values from (5-10) to (400-440) B/m and magnetic field from 0 to 0.53 μT a beneficial effect of electromagnetic field on accumulation of leaves photosynthetic pigments (15-65% increase of chlorophyll а and 6-52% increase of chlorophyll b), polyphenol content (increase up to 17%), antioxidant activity (1-15% increase), and dry matter content (2,5-11% increase) and beans ascorbic acid levels (12-28% increase) were registered. Accordingy, increased plants growth, development and productivity were demonstrated. Peculiarities of beans plants grown under HVEPTL included decrease leaves carotene levels at electric field level of 60-100 B/m (70 m form HVEPTL), and lack of correlation between chlorophyll and carotene in leaves and total antioxidant activity and phenolics content at the stage of technical ripening.

Relevance. The most important element of the operational regime of irrigation is the correct (timely) appointment and timing of irrigation, taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and the mechanical composition of the soil.Methods. In this work, the results of the calculation of the irrigation regime of the hay-pasture grass mixture for the growing season april-october 2016-2018 were presented, on the basis of which the values of the water consumption of the crop, the average values of bioclimatic and biothermal coefficients in relation to sod-podzolic loamy soils in the northeastern zones of the Republic of Belarus. The calculations were carried out by the water balance method, as well as by the method of maximum daily air temperatures.Results. As a result of calculating bioclimatic and biothermal coefficients and values of water consumption for the growing seasons. It was found that their highest values in all years of research were recorded in the variant with a pre-irrigation humidity level of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity, while their lowest values were observed in the variant with natural humidification. At the same time, as a result of calculations, it was established that the highest values of bioclimatic coefficients corresponding to the variant 80% of HB took the following values: 0.88; 0.72 and 0.66, the smallest are 0.71; 0.64 and 0.50, and the largest values of the biothermal coefficients were: 0.13; 0.15 and 0.15, the smallest are 0.09; 0.13 and 0.10, respectively, for the growing seasons. The largest values of water consumption, calculated by the water balance method, corresponding to the option 80% of the HB took the following values: 423.0; 462.0 and 440.0 mm, the smallest in this case were: 334.0; 404.0; and 331.0 mm, and the highest values of water consumption, calculated by the method of maximum daily temperatures were: 439.4; 420.0 and 432.2, while the smallest were equal: 318.7, 396.4 and 325.7 mm, respectively, for the growing seasons.

Relevance. Jerusalem artichoke is a culture that has recently received a lot of attention. It is used to prepare highly effective medicines, fruit and vegetable drinks and purees, and is also used in cooking. The issue of preserving Jerusalem artichoke tubers as a raw material source, a promising direction in the technology of functional products. The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of temperature storage regimes on the preservation of consumer qualities of Jerusalem artichoke tubers.Materials and methods. The object of research is Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Plants were grown in the Perm region of the Perm kray. Tubers before being stored were sorted, washed, dried and placed in polymer bags. The test samples were stored at three temperature regime: -22…-18°C, 0…4 and 18…22°C for 3 months. Samples were taken every 30 days. The quality was assessed by organoleptic parameters, dry matter content, total sugar, inulin and vitamin C. Construction of models for predicting the quality indicators of Jerusalem artichoke was carried out on the basis of structural relationships with storage conditions, which were established using two approaches: correlation and information-logical.Results. Organoleptic parameters of tubers of the studied samples met the requirements of GOST 32790-2014. The mass fraction of total sugar and vitamin C at 18…22°C decreased relative to the initial content by 10.8 and 57.8%. Storage of tubers is accompanied by a decrease in inulin, and after three months, its mass fraction was lower than the original by 61.9 %. Using correlation analysis, linear structural relationships between quality indicators and storage conditions were established, according to which the content of carbohydrates and vitamin C primarily depends on the temperature regime (r=-0.8-0.4), and secondly – on the storage conditions term (r =-0,3-0,3). The use of the information-logical method allowed us to confirm the established correlation relations. The obtained adequate models for predicting the level of quality characteristics of tubers, depending on the storage period and temperature regime, allow you if necessary to quickly change the storage conditions. The analysis made it possible to identify the optimal term and temperature regime of storage of tubers.

Relevance. The water regime is one of the main processes in the life of the plant, optimizing which can increase the yield of cultivated crops. In protected ground conditions, the plants' water needs are met exclusively by irrigation. Irrigation is the most important means of increasing the yield of greenhouse crops, including tomato. Greenhouse tomatoes are very demanding on soil moisture, as well as on air humidity. To combat overheating of the air and plants, and to increase the relative humidity of the air in greenhouses, plants for evaporative cooling and humidification of plants are successfully used, which are especially effective in drip irrigation. The combination of drip irrigation with evaporative cooling makes it possible to control the water regime of the soil and air habitat of plants.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: to identify the most optimal method of water supply for greenhouse tomatoes. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the greenhouse complex "Yugagroholding", located in the suburbs of the city of Makhachkala. The object of research was a hybrid of tomato Mei shuai. The experiments included three options: sprinkling, drip irrigation, and drip irrigation with evaporative cooling.Results. The comparative characteristics of irrigation methods by yield are presented, the results of which indicate the advantage of the second and third options over sprinkling: the highest yield was obtained in the third option and amounted to 14.7 kg/m2 . The best methods of water supply that ensure the optimal water regime of greenhouse tomatoes are identified-drip irrigation and drip irrigation in combination with evaporative cooling, the latter is the best in most indicators.

Doubled haploids have been widely used worldwide in breeding programs and fundamental research as valuable homozygous material for about 100 years. The species Cucurbita pepo L. are represented by a huge variety of forms, include highly productive vegetable crops and have a wide distribution in the world. Despite the great economic importance, the creation of effective protocols to ensure stable production of doubled haploids in this species remains an urgent task. DH plants are of interest not only because of the acceleration of the breeding process, but also because of the realization of the huge potential of gametoclonal variability inherent in this highly polymorphic species. In this review, we analyzed the main technologies used for obtaining doubled haploids in vegetable crops of C. pepo: parthenogenesis in situ stimulated by treated/irradiated pollen, gynogenesis in vitro (unpollinated ovule culture in vitro) and androgenesis in vitro (anther/microspore culture in vitro). An analysis is presented of the research carried out from the beginning of the discovery of haploid plants to the current advances and evaluation of the prospects in the field of DH plant production. The main critical factors influencing the efficiency of each technology and its individual steps are considered. The developed technology of doubled haploids obtaining using non-pollinated ovary culture in vitro is presented. This technology allows to obtain up to 55 embryoids per one cultivated ovary (28 embryoids/ 100 cultivated ovules) To introduce haploid technologies into the breeding process it is necessary to evaluate the obtained plants for ploidy level. The use of direct counting of chromosomes in apical cells may present a certain difficulty in this species due to their large number (2n=40) and their small size. Depending on the level of laboratory equipment, ploidy determination using flow cytometry of cell nuclei and counting the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells in the epidermis of the abaxial side of the leaf may be more convenient methods. The prospects for the use of molecular markers for assessment for homozygosity in DH technologies used, including C. pepo, are discussed in the review.

Relevance. The region continues to build new industrial greenhouses every year, as well as mass construction of winter film greenhouses in the farms of the population of Flat and foothill Dagestan. Today, there are more than 250 hectares of them.Methods. Experimental work was carried out in the greenhouse of LLC Agro-AS in 2019-2020. Carried out selection and evaluation of promising hybrids of tomato for the summer-autumn turnover in greenhouses. Studied the duration of interphase periods, estimated the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence, determined the yield of tomato hybrids, and calculated the most economically promising ones for the natural and climatic conditions of Dagestan.Results. For the first time in the conditions of flat Dagestan, the following experimental data are proved the main elements of industrial technology for obtaining a high yield of tomatoes in protected ground structures using low-volume hydroponic technology on a coconut substrate were experimentally justified; highly productive tomato hybrids were identified for various protected ground structures; F1 hybrids were distinguished by good yield from the second decade of September to the second decade of December; hybrids such as Men-Shuai F1 and Mamston F1 provided 24.3 kg/m2 and 23.1 kg/m2 , respectively, according to the highest percentage of fruit setting, as well as the total and commercial yield. The term of planting seedlings in the substrate in the summer and autumn turnover in the conditions of the suburbs of Makhachkala on July 10 is economically effective, which ensures a high yield and net income per unit area. At the selling price of tomato fruits of 100-110 rubles per 1 kg, the profitability of production, depending on the timing of harvesting and sales, was 100-122%.

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.

Relevance and methods. In the dry steppe zone of flat Dagestan, the beneficial effect of drip irrigation in combination with organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of Almaz eggplant fruits has been proven. Results. It was established that out of the three studied soil moisture thresholds (70, 80 and 90% HB), the best conditions for plant growth and development, optimization of their photosynthetic activity are created at a moisture threshold of 80% HB in combination with the introduction of 40 t / ha manure + N320P120K210. The combination of factors under study makes it possible to increase the leaf surface index by an average of 24.3%, which contributes to an increase in the photosynthetic potential by 15.7% and an increase in the efficiency of the use of photosynthetically active radiation by crops by 2.5 times in comparison with the unfertilized background by 90% НВ. In conditions of a shortage of irrigation water, drip irrigation in combination with fertigation in the form of three root fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers increases the efficiency of its use by reducing the water consumption for the formation of a unit of production from on average with 164.8 to 66.4 m3 /t. It has been proven that the best combination of yield-forming factors ensuring the highest eggplant yield - 62.3…63,6 t / ha, is the use of drip irrigation with the maintenance of soil moisture in the active 0.5 m layer during the growing season within 80...100% HB in the complex with the introduction of 40 t / ha of manure and N320P120K210.