Relevance. Lake Ebeyty is the largest salt lake in the Omsk region, located in the south-west of the region, at the junction of the borders of three regions: Poltava, Moskalensky and Isilkulsky, and has huge reserves of medicinal mud. The purpose of the research is to study the characteristics of the chemical composition of Lake Ebeyty water over the years of research (data from 2011, 2019, 2022 and 2023) and soil cover.Material and Methodology. The paper presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of the water of Lake Ebeyty in the period 2011-2019-2022-2023. In this work, satellite data analysis methods were used to identify relief features and changes in the area of the water surface (archive of satellite images for 10 years) of the study area in the QGIS software product. Water samples were taken during the daytime for chemical analysis using generally accepted methods.Results. An assessment of the ecological state of the lake was carried out. As a result of the research, it was established: an increase in oxidation from 53.04 mgO2/l in 2011 to 208.0 mgO2/l in 2022, in 2023 the figure decreases to 150.4 mgO2/l, which indicates a deterioration in the ecological situation of the water body. Mineralization increases over the years of research from 128054 to 268691 mg/l (respectively). The soil cover is rep-resented by soils of the saline series - solonchaks and solonetzes.

Relevance. Irrigation of agricultural crops plays a key role not only in increasing the yield of these crops, but also in preserving it, especially under stressful temperature conditions. One of the effective methods of water conservation during irrigation is drip irrigation. Drip irrigation technology allows you to accurately dose water, taking into account the needs of specific crops and maintaining an optimal level of soil moisture. It is important to note that this technology helps save water and reduce the risk of soil overmoistening. In addition to drip irrigation, there is also aerosol irrigation. This irrigation technology allows more efficient use of water resources and provides optimal conditions for the ground air layer for the growth and development of plants under stressful temperature conditions.Methods. The objectives of the study are to study the technologies and technical means of irrigation of a young cherry orchard to maintain optimal modes through the use of drip irrigation with aerosol irrigation in the Central part of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. During the research, two factors were analyzed: studying the impact of various irrigation methods and moistening volumes on the formation of trees of the Gostinets and Zhukovskaya varieties of sweet cherry.Results. The field experiment is conducted on the territory of «Kolomenskaya Yagoda» LLC in the Moscow Region. The conducted studies have shown that the selected irrigation method using a combined irrigation system on sod-podzolic soils in the central part of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia for growing a young cherry orchard of the Gostinets and Zhukovskaya cherry varieties meets the criteria of environmental safety and economic efficiency.Conclusion. From the point of view of profitability, it is most effective to grow a young cherry orchard by maintaining humidity in the root zone of the soil within 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity and relative humidity of the ground air layer in the range of 55-70%.

Relevance. Crop productivity is determined by genotype, environmental effects and their interactions. Comprehensive evaluation of crop varieties based on their adaptability, plasticity and stability makes it possible to select the most promising varieties, high-yielding and adapted to many environmental conditions to improve productivity.Materials and Methods. Fourteen common bean varieties were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two years (2022 and 2023) in the experimental field “Michurintsev Garden” of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. Productivity traits were taken into account: number and weight of beans per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, yield. The purpose of the work was to evaluate bean samples for adaptive capacity and ecological stability in the conditions of the forest-steppe Priobie.Results. The article provides an assessment of the adaptability and stability of bean varieties in order to identify varieties with high productivity and adapted to climatic and farming conditions in the Siberian region. The results of the tests showed that the highest average net yields of Rubin, Krasnopestraya, Zolotistaya and Muhranula varieties were in the range of 0.41-0.64 kg/m2. Analysis of genotype-environment interaction (GxE) according to the mathematical model of Eberhart and Russel shows that varieties Rubin, Krasnopestraya, Zolotistaya and Muhranula have high indices of general adaptability and breeding value of genotype, Among them, varieties Rubin and Zolotistaya have stable productivity and high adaptability to environmental conditions.

Relevance. Garlic is one of the most popular agricultural crops characterized by high nutritional value and unique chemical composition providing significant beneficial effect on human health.Methods. The review summarizes the most significant publications on garlic biochemical composition, utilization in medicine, human nutrition and agriculture for a period from 1988 to 2024 with the predominant utilization of Scopus and WoS publications.Results. The diversity of garlic processing products (fresh, dry powder, ‘Green' garlic, Laba garlic, garlic essential oil macerate, ethanolic extract (‘aged garlic extract' AGE) and black garlic) provides the diversity of biochemical composition and the direction of biological effect. The possibility to utilize both garlic bulbs, leaves, stems and peel in medicine and agriculture (for yield and stress resistance improvement) are the most important factors for successful waste free production and wide utilization of garlic.

Relevance. Using artificial intelligence (AI) systems is of particular importance in the transformation of modern Russian vegetable growing.Methods. Using the monographic method, the world and Russian practice of developing and using artificial intelligence systems is considered using the example of: CropX, John Deere, IBM Watson, AgEagle Aerial Systems, Blue River Technology, Farmwise, Taranis, Naiad Irrigation, Sustainable Agriculture Technology (SAT), Leader Technology, AgroCalypso, AgroVzglyad group of companies, Russian technologies and systems, Rostec Artificial Intelligence Competence Center, AgroBot, Kaluga Astra, Agrosystems, RosAgro, SAFMAR, AgriCo management company, Sadko agrofirm, AgroEco, AgroInvest and others.Results, A list of problems with the use of AI in vegetable growing is identified, such as: high initial costs of implementing AI; lack of qualified personnel with the necessary knowledge in the field of IT and agronomy; high probability of technical failures, leading to losses in productivity and increased costs; difficulty of integration with existing automation systems; information security of databases; difficulty of data preparation; legal and ethical risks; lack of necessary infrastructure; unfavorable climatic conditions for the operation of AI; resistance to innovations on the part of personnel. Despite the identified problems, the prospects for using AI in vegetable growing in Russia will allow: optimizing agronomic processes; improving the quality of forecasting and monitoring; increasing the level of automation; improving the quality of data processing; improving resource manageability; increasing the level of adaptation of production to market needs; increasing adaptation to storage conditions and supply chain logistics, increasing the level of information content of technological processes.Conclusion. Expanding the practice of using AI will increase the efficiency and sustainability of vegetable growing in the strategic perspective.

Relevance. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestrisis a widespread bacterial pathogen that causes a black rot disease of Brassicaceae plants. It is distributed across all territories with cultivated brassica crops and has high economic significance. One of the known Xanthomonas pathogenicity factor is TAL-effectors. These proteins penetrate in plant nucleus and change expression of some host genes in order to promote infection. For some Xanthomonas species TAL-effectors are a key of bacteria success, however for Xcc their role is still remain obscure as well as TALE occurrence among Xcc belonged to different races and originated from different regions. The goal of our study was examination of TALE distribution among Xcc isolates collected in Russia.Methods. Sample of the Xcc isolates mainly collected in Moscow region and Krasnodar krai was used for TALE search. Bacterial total DNA was isolated using CTAB method. Four primer pairs were used for TALE genes detection by amplification conservative regions.Results. Among 50 isolates only 4 isolates possessed TALE were revealed. Low-frequency occurrence of TALE among Russian isolates can reflect Xcc population features in Moscow region and Krasnodar krai as well as genotype features of cultivated plant hosts.

Relevance. An increase in the spread of bacteriosis on beetroot in the conditions of the Moscow region carries an epidemiological danger, which actualizes research on the development of a method-ology for evaluating table beet plants for resistance to bacteriosis in the early stages of ontogenesis. The aim of the research. To identify the nature of the relationship between the reaction of sporophyte and microgametophyte to infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata (Psa) bacterium of beet-root varieties with different resistance of root crops to bacteriosis.Materials and methods. Objects of research: beetroot plants of the Marusya and Krasny Barhat varietal populations, collection strain Psa 1-21. Using phytopathological methods and methods of gamete breeding, plant resistance was assessed in various variants of infection of sporophyte and gametophyte with suspension and culture filtrate of Psa.Results. The average volume of the affected area of the Psa root crops of the Marusya variety was 3.5 times greater than that of the Krasny Barhat variety (Vp = 53 mm3), which is characterized by alignment and absence of susceptible forms (Vp >300 mm3). The Marusya variety has a wide intrapopulation polymorphism in the stability of root crops and leaves, where most genotypes showed medium or high susceptibility to the pathogen. Both varieties showed an increase of 10-30% relative to the control of pollen viability at high (CFU 12*108 cl/ml) and low (CFU 2.4*108 cl/ml) concentrations of the pathogen. The positive effect of Psaon the growth of pollen tubes was noted: in the Marusya variety, as the concentration increased, the stimulating effect increased, in the Krasny Barhat variety, it gradually decreased. When adding a 2.5-fold diluted Psa culture filtrate, the susceptible Marusya variety showed an increase in pollen viability (by 3%), and the resistant Krasny Barhat variety showed a 24% decrease relative to the control. According to the growth rate of the pollen tube, the 4:6 dilution was also differentiating, where the average length of the tubes of the susceptible variety exceeded the control by 10%, and in the stable variety it was 18% lower than the control variant.Conclusion. An inverse relationship was revealed between the resistance of sporophyte to Psa and changes in the functional parameters of the microgametophyte of beetroot varieties Marusya and Krasny Barhat under the influence of a phytopathogen. The results obtained indicate the prospects for the development of a methodology for the selection of bacteriosis-resistant genotypes of beetroot by the reaction of microgametophyte.

Relevance. Modern globalization, internationalization, regional competitive differentiation actualize geoeconomic modeling methods for geopolitical planning, management and control. The novelty of the proposed solutions is the proposed concept, based on the translation of the ideas of theoretical mechanics into economics.Methodology. Considering the annual values of statistical indicators of territorial concentrates as a system of geographically distributed objects (subjects of the Russian Federation), it is possible to determine the geographic barycenter. Knowing the values of the geocoordinates of the barycenter, it is possible to determine the tendencies and trend of the barycenter movement as an indicator of the dynamics of the system under consideration through the analysis of the dynamics of these coordinates. Based on Russtat data on the annual gross harvest of agricultural crops (vegetables), population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period 1991-2021, data on the coordinates of the administrative centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the values of the geographic coordinates of the barycenter of vegetable growing in Russia were calculated.Results. For 2021, the geographic coordinates of the barycenter of vegetable growing in Russia are 50.30° N and 49.49° E with an average regional value with an average regional annual vegetable har-vest of 1722.52 million centners/year and fluctuations in the coordinates of the barycenter in the zone of 3-4 geographic degrees or three hundred territorial kilometers with a pronounced south-west trend Analysis of the dynamics of the barycenter for the period 1991-2021. will allow to reveal a slight shift of the vegetable growing barycenter to the south by 3.5 degrees with an increase in the average regional vegetable harvest by 124.11 million centners per year for each degree (or the all-Russian by more than 9,500 million centners per year for each degree to the south), a slight shift of the vegetable growing barycenter to the west by 4.5 degrees with an increase in the average regional vegetable har-vest by 86.5 million centners per year per degree (or the All-Russian by more than 6,660 million cent-ners per year for each degree to the west). For the period 1991-2021, two opposite trends in the devel-opment of vegetable growing are distinguished. In the period from 1991 to 2000, the movement of the coordinate of the vegetable growing barycenter went in the direction of the northeast of Russia, in the period 2000 to 2021 -- on the contrary, to the southwest.The conclusion is made about the existence of a relationship between the development of vegetable growing and the geopolitics of Russia in the period under review. The obtained method and results can be used in strategic state management of agricultural production in Russia.

Relevance. Improving zonal agricultural technologies for the cultivation and seed production of vegetable crops is due to the need to increase agroeconomic and technological efficiency, production profitability and competitiveness of domestic products in a market economy and Western sanctions in order to ensure the country's food security and import substitution.Methodology. Improving the elements of zonal agricultural technology for cultivating the new variety of sweet pepper Zarnitsa to increase the productivity and quality of seeds and reduce the costs of its seed production in a seedless culture through the use of micro fertilizers (Ultramag Boron) and plant growth regulators (Zircon R) is the goal of the ongoing research.The objective of the research is to study and evaluate the agroeconomic efficiency of using the Ultramag Bor micro fertilizer and the Zircon, P plant growth regulator and their impact on the dynamics of plant growth and development, ripening time, yield and quality of sweet pepper seeds in the experiment.The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of widespread use in the real sector of the economy of plant growth regulators and micro fertilizers in non-seedling seed production of sweet pepper to improve productivity, quality and economic indicators of its cultivation in irrigated agriculture in the south of Russia.Results. It was found that sweet pepper plants grown without seedlings using micro fertilizers and plant growth regulators during the fruiting phase had advantages over the control: in plant height by 6.1; 12.2 and 14.5%, the number of side shoots by 20; 36 and 40%, leaf weight by 5.9; 14.2 and 17.5%, average fetal weight by 3.8; 11.7 and 13.5%. The highest yield of sweet pepper in the experiment (33.6 t/ha), which exceeded the control by 3.2 t/ha (10.5%), and the highest content of vitamin C in the fruits (164 mg%), which is 8 mg% higher than in the control were noted in the variant with the combined use of micro fertilizer and plant growth regulator. Sweet pepper seeds in all experimental variants met the standard requirements (germination rate - 93-96%, germination energy - 93-95%). The highest level of profitability (109.3%) was observed in the variant with the combined use of micro fertilizer and plant growth regulator, exceeding the control by

Relevance. A crucial condition for maintaining the vital potential of plants is their ability to with-stand adverse environmental conditions. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the drug "Epin-extra" on strengthening the resistance of Fragaria х ananassa Duch. plants for spring frosts.Methods. The objects: strawberry garden Queen and Harvest CGL. With the onset of active growth in the spring period non-root treatments of strawberry plants with were carried out with a solution of the Epin-extra growth regulator containing 24-epibrassinolide. During budding phase, the plants were exposed to negative temperatures in a controlled environment chamber (-3oC) "Espec" PSL-2KPH (Japan). The functioning of the antioxidant defense system and the activity of lipid peroxidation processes in membranes lipids (POL) based on the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) were carried out in the leaves of strawberry varieties.Results. It was shown that the non-root treatment of strawberry varieties with the Epin-extra preparation contributed to a decrease in the processes of peroxidation of cell membranes. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was 10,2% lower by the Tsaritsa variety, and the variety the Urozhainaya CGL by 30,1% compared to the control. The amount of the amino acid proline in the Tsaritsa variety was 13,6 % higher compained to the control, and in the Urozhainaya CGL variety by 12,4%. Treatment with Epin-extra contributed to an increase in the amount of sugars in the leaf tissue of both varieties.