Relevance and methods. The purpose of the research is an agrobiological assessment of introduced grape varieties of early ripening in the conditions of the Central seaside zone of Dagestan. The tasks of the study are to establish the timing of maturation of the studied varieties in the conditions of the Central seaside zone of Dagestan; to study agrobiological indicators of the studied varieties and to give an economic assessment; On the basis of the data obtained, to establish the degree of adaptability and prospects of the studied classes under these conditions. The objects of research were new introduced table grape varieties of early and early maturation period Augustine, Arcadia, Talisman, Attica, Kishmish luchisty. Results. The studies found that the introduced varieties of Arcadia, Attica, Talisman, Kishmish luchisty in the main agrobiological indicators surpass the Augustine variety widespread in this zone. According to the weight of the bunch, the varieties are distributed as follows: Kishmish luchisty – 724.5 g, Talisman – 676 g, Attica – 655.8 g, Arkadia – 514 g and Augustine (control) – 486 g. All varieties included in the experiment were more productive than control. The highest crop was provided by the variety Talisman – 28 t/ha. In second place is the Attica – 24.4 t/ha variety. Kishmish luchisty, despite the large mass of the bunch, provided a harvest of 22.6 t/ha. Arkadya variety in yield has close values to control – 18.2 t/ha. According to the adaptive index, the varieties were distributed as follows: Arcadia, Attica, Augustine and Talisman, with an adaptive coefficient of 0.71-0.85, are promising, and Kishmish luchisty with an adaptive coefficient of 0.69 is quite promising.

Relevance. A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, Broccoli was developed by hybridization from collard greens and is the genetic precursor to cauliflower. Broccoli and cauliflower have a valuable biochemical composition and are recommended for daily consumption. The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli and cauliflower) is given according to the most important biochemical quality characteristics. Material and methods. The research material included 30 accessions of broccoli and 35 accessions of cauliflower from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographical and genetic diversity. Accessions were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories VIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology VIR using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results. The characterization of Brassica oleracea L. species (broccoli and cauliflower) is given according to the main most important biochemical quality characteristics. As a result of using of the modern gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of broccoli and cauliflower, about 136 components have been identified from the groups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in the accumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., by cultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques new data on the biochemical composition of broccoli and cauliflower were obtained. B.oleracea within the studied botanical varieties and cultivar types has a complex biochemical composition that characterizes them as accessions with potentially high value, which confirms the need for indepth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Accessions with the optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used in breeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation were found.

Relevance. The basis for obtaining a large crop volume and its high level of precocity is the use of Apple planting material that fully meets modern standards of intensive gardening. The main purpose of these studies was to study methods of branching stimulation and determine their effectiveness in obtaining branched apple seedlings at the age of one year. Material and methods. The use of non-root treatments and fertilizers as regulators and growth stimulators of apple seedlings does not lead to a significant increase in the number of side branches. Significant growth of the crown of annual seedlings occurs when using mechanical methods to stimulate the growth of side branches. The use of such an agrotechnical technique as a single plucking made it possible to obtain 1-2.6 side branches on different orts. When using this method, but with the simultaneous removal of 3-4 leaf plates, it increased the production of side branches by 1.6-3.7 pieces. One of the most unresponsive to the use of agricultural techniques was the variety "Svezhest". Results. It is effective to apply to annual apple seedlings agrotechnical methods of stimulation of lateral branching by plucking with simultaneous removal of leaf plates in the amount of three to four pieces. These measures must be carried out before reaching the height of the seedling from seventy to eighty centimeters. It should be noted that the use of plucking only, without removing the leaf plates, does not give such an effect.

Relevance and methods. he article examines the impact of phytosanitary standards on international trade in plant products. It is noted that it is complex in two ways: on the one hand, phytosanitary control protects against low-quality goods, non-native pests and diseases, on the other – negatively affects international trade, makes it difficult for small producers to enter the market, especially when it comes to developing countries. The study provides examples of Vietnam and Chile. Results. It is concluded that excessively strict phytosanitary regulations act more as a barrier than as a catalyst for trade. Moreover, there is a tendency to tighten requirements. The authors draw attention not only to the necessity, but also to the complexity of harmonization of phytosanitary standards.

Relevance. In Russia the issue of resource-saving irrigation of agricultural land is one of the most urgent, and total water consumption is one of the most important elements of the water balance of irrigated territory. Analyze the basic methods of determining the total water consumption, determine the average daily water consumption, total water consumption and zonal bioclimatic ratios for oats, barley with planting perennial herbs and perennial herbs in the conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on a stationary field experience in the Podolsk district of the Moscow District. To improve the individual elements of the water balance in these conditions were laid stationary water balancing sites (S=200 m2). The pre-21 thresholds for soil moisture was not less than 75%. The research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and recommendations. Total water consumption during the growing season and in the phases of plant development was determined by the method of water balance. Results. The total water consumption of crops by elements of the slope varies significantly between the upper and lower elements of the slope difference is 12-15 mm, which should be taken into account when calculating irrigation regimes on sloped lands. At the top of the slope it is necessary to carry out 1-2 watering more than at the base of the slope. Differentiated watering along the length of the slope allows to save irrigation water by 10-15%. The water consumption of crops in the context of the experience was greater in April and September than in the other months of growing. This is due to climate indicators. Total evaporation from the soil and plant surfaces depends on soil moisture, crop condition, wind speed, temperature and humidity. In April and September, the study years showed elevated temperatures and low relative humidity. When comparing the average daily water consumption at irrigated areas at the top and at the base of the slope, it is seen that in all the months of vegetation it is more on the upper section by an average of 12%. Bioclimatic coefficients depend on humidity and air temperature. The zonal coefficients we have obtained allow us to determine the water consumption of crops, both in each growing season and in general for vegetation.

Relevance. Squashes are a promising culture, and the recent work of breeders allow us to uncover large reserves to improve their nutritional and dietary qualities. The dietary value of zucchini is due to the easy digestibility of all carbohydrates, which allows them to be used in the production of canned foods. Canned snacks and candied fruits are produced from zucchini. The most important quality of the varieties we study is their cylindrical shape, allowing mechanization of the cleaning operation.Methods. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to use zucchini of different degrees of ripeness for the preparation of candied fruit with the least loss of products.Results. As a result of research conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon-Growing in the Astrakhan Region, it was found that zucchini fruits of different degrees of maturity can be used to make candied fruits, but the highest yield was obtained from mature squash, and amounted to 654 kg from the Sosnovsky variety , in the Orange variety 696 kg from one ton of prepared raw material, while in the Orange variety of candied fruits it was obtained 42-64 kg more than in the Sosnovsky variety, depending on the degree of ripening STI. The tasting committee rated candied fruits obtained from the fruit of the zucchini of the Orange variety higher by 0.3-0.5 points than from the Sosnovsky variety. In terms of chemical composition, candied fruits prepared from the raw material of ripe zucchini fruits exceeded 1.2-1.5 times - from unripe fruits. Ready candied fruits can be used as an independent form, as well as for the preparation of other types of products in the food industry.

Relevance. The determining value in modern melon production is to increase the yield and market yield of environmentally friendly products at minimum costs for the cultivation of melons. For the development of the melon industry in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, the scientific search for technological solutions aimed at creating conditions for increasing the yield and quality of melon products becomes urgent. Materials and methods. The object of research-melon, variety autumn. The types and doses of water-soluble fertilizers were studied: vegetable Aquarin, Novalon Foliar, and Hakafos. Fertilizers were used to treat plants during the growing season.Results.Studies have established a high effect of the use of water-soluble fertilizers on vegetating plants, which allow eliminating adverse environmental factors. The yield from the use of water-soluble fertilizers in melon cultivation technology for the years of studies is 31.3 86.7% higher compared to the control variant (without treatments). In more favorable climatic conditions of the year, the maximum yield was obtained in the variant with the use of Hakafos in a half dose, which had a more balanced content of nutrients compared to other studied water-soluble fertilizers –15.5 t/ha, which is 21.1% more compared to the minimum dose, 42.2% more compared to the treatment of plants with water and 1.8 times more compared to pure control. In the dry conditions of 2019 and lower air temperatures during the ripening period, a similar trend was noted. Comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of fruits showed that water-soluble fertilizers do not have a negative impact on the environmental purity of the product, the amount of nitrates for all years of research did not exceed the MPC (90 mg/kg). Studies have determined the positive effect of water-soluble fertilizers on improving the quality of fruits, the content of dry substances, one of the main indicators, in the study periods, exceeds this indicator in the control version (without treatments).

Relevance and methods. This study aimed to improve fruit set and plant performance to increase tomato productivity by studying the effect of plant growth regulators on tomato plants. A specific experiment has been carried out to study the effect of plant growth regulators Hemo bles active substances (850 g/kg) Humic Acid with applied doses (250, 500 and 700 ppm) and Magictone active substances (5-12.5 g/kg) naphthalene acetic acid and naphthalene acetamide with applied doses (250, 500 and 700 ppm) on growth and physiological characteristics of tomato plants (Big Beef F1). The experimental design was a Complete Randomized Blocks Design. Both Hemo bles and Magictone were applied three times (spraying on plants at 30 DAP, spraying on plants at 60 DAP and spraying on plants 90 DAP).Results. The obtained results showed that, Applying Humic Acid “Ener-850” had the highest significant fruit weight (137 g) during the two seasons. Also using “Magictone” had the highest significant Flowers number (48.1), Fruits Number (35.1), Flower Clusters number in the plant (13.6) and Fruits Number (54.6. while (Humic Acid) improved tomato fruit’s quality during improve Dry weight (75.1 g) of Arial parts, Ascorbic Acid, level of Vitamin C and Carotenoids contents (4.82 mg 100 g-1). The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD test with α = 0.05 with the help of MINITAB (v. 19.0) program.

Relevance and methods. A food security is determined energy value of food (calorie) . Being a energy characteristic of food, calorie is determined necessaric energy reserve of lifework . Using calories as some energetic criterion fof food security let to do simplest and availiablest assessments of forecast. Assessing and comparing a price dynamics of animal and plant calories may use for modeling a mechanism of food security. Purpose of research - analysis of price of food calories in Russia.Results. Based a energy methods and Rosstat data caloric value of food produced and consumed iwas calculated for period 1990-2017 years of the Russian Federation . A food safety criterion is proposed. Showed double reserve of caloric for consumation of Russian population. Rubles caloric value equivalent was proposed, price calculations and analysis of price dynamics by type of food are carried out.

Relevance. A large number of forms and varieties of garlic created in the selection process allowed this culture to spread almost all over the world: in temperate regions, in subtropics and even in tropical regions. Currently, the world's acreage of garlic is 1.438 million hectares, the average yield is 16.9 tons per hectare, the gross yield is 24.255 million tons. The largest producers of garlic are China, India, South Korea and Egypt. The highest yield was recorded in Uzbekistan, Egypt, China, Tadjikistan. In Uzbekistan, it is grown everywhere, mainly on household plots and small areas in farms. In the republic, varieties of garlic are South-violet (1972) and May VIR (1978). Material and methods. Since 2004, the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Vegetable Melon Crops and Potato Research Institute has been conducting selection work to create new varieties of garlic. As a result of the research, the Chidamli variety was introduced and, since 2016, introduced into the State Register. All zoned varieties belong to the group of autumn-sprouting varieties. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal nutritional area for seed plants of garlic in elite seed production. The object of research was the garlic variety Chidamli. Results. During organization of elite seed рroduction, planting of clovers on pattern (40+15+15) x l0 sm, (40+10+10+10) x l0 sm was considered acceptable. Big and qualitatative bulbs and clovers were got bu this planting pattern. Yielding capacity was 24,4-26,2 t/ha, average weight of bulbs 63-66 g, clovers number 13,0 pcs., average weight of clovers 4,5-4,7 g.