Relevance. Climatic factors of Primorsky Region make the most favorable conditions for developing of a diseases of vegetable crops. In such conditions leaves surfaces of the plants are defeated with the phytopathogens from Phytophthora, Alternaria, Septoria and Xanthomonas genus.Materials and methods. In the years 2016, 2017 some research on determination of the effectiveness of protective activities for the diseases control of tomatoes in the open field were taken in the Primorskaya Vegetable experimental station. Some activity was carried out with the sort of tomatoes Odissey in the coastal zone of Primorsky Region in the conditions of the monsoon climate with annual rainfall 700-800 mm, greater part of which falls in the summer season. Fungicides Acrobat MT, Orvego, Cignum and Skor were chosen for studying. The first cultivation with preparations took place in the first decade of July in a period of appearing of the first signs of Alternaria on tomato leaves surfaces. Two next cultivations were  carried out with the intervals of 14-16 days according to the weather conditions.Results. At protecting from Alternaria (79.4%) the greatest biological effectiveness was shown by the fungicide Cignum. The biggest tomato crop productivity was also reached thank to cultivation with this fungicide: the crop raising of tomato commercial fruit was 15.2 t/h or 70.4% by comparison with the control version.

Relevance.The article presents the results of studying the economic and biological indicators of various coriander samples planted at the Absheron Experimental Base of the Genetic Resources Institute in the autumn and spring, to select the most promising of them and determine the optimal sowing dates that ensure production for most of the year. Material and methods. The research material was the seeds of 5 coriander samples (Coriandrum sativum L.) from various early maturity groups introduced on Absheron: Ordubad (cat. No. 31); Iranian (Cat. No. 87); Azerbaijani (cat. No. 157); Dagestan (cat. No. 171); Borchali (cat. No. 167). When carrying out phenological observations, the onset of economic suitability, bolting, flowering and seed maturation was noted. The total yield from the plot was determined.Results. Phenological observations have shown that depending on the date of coriander samples sowing, the duration of the vegetation period and individual phases of development changed. Sowing dates also significantly affected the early maturity and productivity of the samples, but for different samples to varying degrees. Optimal for the Absheron part of Azerbaijan is the timing of sowing coriander from mid-March to the end of April and in September. The most promising were the coriander samples: Azerbaijan (cat. No. 157), Dagestan (cat. No. 171) and Iranian (cat. No. 87). Sowing at the optimum time of the most productive varieties with a long period of harvest can ensure the uninterrupted supply of fresh coriander greens for most of the year.

Relevance. Medicinal properties of celery (Apium graveolens L.) are connected to the most extent to high antioxidant status of plants.Material, methods and results. Comparative evaluation of polyphenols, ascorbic acid, flavonoids and photosynthetic pygments by leafy, stalk and root celery types, grown in similar conditions on experimental fields of Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Production revealed several peculiarities, typical to each form. Antioxidant activity (AOA) of seeds, leaves and petioles composed a ratio: 2.7:1.74:1 for leafy form, 2.88:1.99:1 for stalk form, while root celery AOA of seeds, leaves, roots and petioles was characterized by a ratio 3.66:2.78:1.42:1. With practically no differences in leaves ascorbic acid content between different celery forms leaves:petioles ratio for ascorbic acid reached (5.31-5.57):1 for leafy and stalk forms whereas vitamin C distribution between leaves, roots and petioles of root celery was characterized by a ratio 8.1:1.1:1. Phenolics seeds:leaves:roots:petioles accumulation ratio for root celery was equal to 1.77: 1.77: 1.33:1, whereas leaves/petioles distribution of phenolicss in stalk andleafy forms reached 1.86:1 and 1.64:1 accordingly. Polyphenols content in seeds of leafy celery was 1.4-1.5 times lower than in leaves, contrary to stalk and root celery with equal concentrations of phenolics in seeds and leaves. Leaves/petioles ratio of flavonoids was the highest for Elixir (2.87) and Atlant culivars (2.41). Root and leafy celery Samuray cv demonstrated 1.54-1.71 appropriate values. The highest chlorophyll a and b content was typical for root celery. Celery antioxidant system was characterized by positive correlations between ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolics, zinc and total AOA and also between the AOA ratio seeds/petioles and leaves/petioles (r=+0.99; P<0.001) and a negative correlation between chlorophyll and phenolics and flavonoids accumulation levels. High nutritional significance of root celery leaves was estimated.

Relevance. The article presents the results of using three different selection methods to obtain new forms of tomato that combine high productivity with resistance to high-temperature stress factor.Methods. Eleven hybrid combinations were used as experimental material. Selections were made starting with the offspring of the F1 generation. Three different methodological approaches were used: 1 – step-by-step alternation of sporophytic-gametophytic selections under high temperature pressure; 2 – only gametophytic selection using heat-treated pollen for pollination; 3 – traditional selections based on a high value of indicators of the studied traits. In each of the variants of the experiment, we studied: the heat resistance of offspring at different stages of ontogenesis – "sporophyte-gametophyte"; the duration of the vegetation period of plants; the fruit formation; the total yield. The offspring of the most stable and productive plants isolated from different hybrid combinations were combined in the populations in each variant of the experiment and a comparative analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the methods used was carried out.Results. It is shown that the combination of step-by-step sporophyte-gametophyte selections under the action of high-temperature regimes (43°C and 45°C), at early stages (F1–F3) lead to more stable, productive offspring in F5-F7 both for sporophyte and gametophyte traits, compared to using only gametophyte selections and stronger differences relative to the control variant. The gradual alternation of selections at different stages of ontogenesis also leads to the production of offspring with a shorter period of passage of the phenophases "seedling-flowering" – "floweringmaturation" and a stable manifestation of signs that determine the quality of the fruits. Using only gametophytic selections and traditional methods of selection was less effective than alternating sporophyte-gametophyte ones.Conclusions. The differentiating ability of the selection methods used and their influence on obtaining more resistance and productive genotypes was established. The advantage of the method of step-by-step alternation of sporophyte-gametophyte selections, which led to the production of new lines (118/1, 124/1, 133-11/1, 133-12/1, 134/1, 110/1 and 7/1) with high resistance at different stages of ontogenesis (sporophyte-gametophyte), shorter vegetation period and high fruit-forming capacity in three different years of research (2015-2017).

Relevance and methodology. Today, white cabbage is the most popular type of vegetable raw materials used for fermentation not only in Russia, but also in other countries. To obtain a variety of flavors and shades of flavor, various vegetables (carrots, sweet peppers), fruit (apples, cranberries) and spicy-aromatic additives (cumin, dill seed, etc.) are added to the cabbage during fermentation. During fermentation, the product contains not only the initial components of the raw material (vitamin C, macro-and micronutrients), but also significantly increases the number of lactic acid microorganisms – the main "participants" in the process.One of the main products of the metabolism of lactic acid microorganisms is lactic acid. At a concentration of 0.5%, it begins to inhibit the development of many microorganisms. When reaching a concentration of 1-2% microbiological enzymatic hydrolysis, as a rule, ceases. The accumulation of acetic acid allows us to judge the intensity of the heterofermentative stage of fermentation using strains of lactic acid microorganisms.Results. The L. plantarum + L. casei consortium has shown a synergistic interaction in the accumulation of lactic acid, since the amount of acid produced by the consortium significantly exceeds the amount of acid produced by each strain separately. This point is also noted for the accumulation of acetic acid. In the L. brevis + L. casei consortium, the opposite situation is observed: when using cultures separately, the accumulation of lactic acid occurs to a greater extent than when using two cultures simultaneously. There are no obvious differences between monocultures and the consortium in terms of acetic acid accumulation. In the case of the L. plantarum + L. brevis consortium, we observe a synergistic interaction, with the dominant role in this consortium played by L. plantarum, and the contribution of L. brevis to the accumulation of lactic acid is insignificant. At the same time, the total resulting accumulation of acetic acid is significantly less than the result of each strain separately, which may indicate a negative mutual effect of the participants in the process. Acid degradation of the polysaccharide matrix of cell walls does not occur during the entire fermentation process.

Relevance. The use of molecular methods allows reliable and fast determination of the resistance of genotypes (varieties) to pathogens, thereby reducing possible product losses and, at the same time, maintaining its environmental safety. It is very important in conditions of increasing demand for high-quality agricultural production. Aim: Using molecular diagnosis of ʹCandidatus Phytoplasma solaniʹ to compare the degree of infection in some Moldavian tomato varieties at different stages of plant development.Material and methods. The molecular analysis (nested-PCR) of plants of the four Moldavian tomato varieties (Elvira, Cerasus, Mary Gratefully, Desteptarea) created at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, and the wild formSolanum habrochaites, was carried out for the presence of the phytopathogen ʹCa. P. solaniʹ. Researches were made during two growing seasons. Results. The distribution of infection between the studied varieties was different in the process of plants development. The spread of infection in the tomato field was recorded under the climatic conditions of two growing seasons: the season of 2018, which was hot but with normal rains in the middle of summer, and the season of 2019, in conditions of a very hot and dry summer. During both seasons, Cerasus variety manifested the highest resistance to ʹCa. P. solaniʹ infection.  A little more than half of plants of this variety were affected by stolbur only at the end of the growing season, after harvesting most of the crop. Varieties Elvira and Desteptarea had similar levels of infection of plants with phytoplasma during two years of research. These varieties manifested a higher sensitivity to phytoplasma infection compared with Cerasus. Mary Gratefully was the genotype with the highest dependence of the sensitivity toʹCa. P. solaniʹ infection from the climatic conditions of the growing season. Plants of the wild form Solanum habrochaites demonstrated complete immunity to phytoplasma infection during the growing season. Conclusion.The Cerasus variety, as well as the wild form Solanum habrochaites, can be recommended for including in breeding programs for the creating tomato varieties or hybrids resistant to phytoplasma. Thus, molecular diagnosis may be a useful tool for the breeding resistant genotypes.

Relevance. Vegetable growing is a traditional sector of agriculture in Azerbaijan. The republic has all the conditions for its development, both natural and socio-economic. Materials and methods. The aim of the research was to analyze the current state of vegetable growing in the republic, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, to determine the terms of support for producers from the state and branch science. Results. The gross harvest of vegetables has been steadily growing in the last decades, and by 2019 amounted to 1715 thousand tons. The yield of vegetables also increased during this period from 14, 7 to 21.9 t / ha. In door production area is approximately 4800 ha. The production of greenhouse vegetables is focused on the Russian market. The bottleneck in the industry is vegetable seed production, a market with a capacity of almost 20 million euros is occupied by foreign companies. At the same time, the agricultural producers get state support in the form of subsidies and soft loans and a full tax exemption. Industry science is also developing: the Research Institute of Vegetable Production has been reconstructed and fully equipped, special training organized for vegetable growers in the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. Further development of the industry continues through the intensification and biologization of production, expanding the range and improving product quality.

Relevance. Late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) is one of the most harmful, rapidly spreading potato fungal diseases, which dramatically reduces its yield and affects tubers during storage. The quantitative manifestation of partial resistance within the same potato variety depends on meteorological conditions and the infectious load. Therefore, its objective assessment is obtained when testing varieties in regions that are stably favorable for the development of pathogens (Sakhalin Island and central Mexico), or in standard laboratory conditions using climatic chambers and molecular genetic methods. The aim of this work was a laboratory assessment of the potato varieties and hybrids resistance to late blight.Methods. Data on laboratory assessment of the potato varieties and hybrids resistance to late blight are presented. The experiment was carried out using generally accepted methods for the study and assessment of the potato varieties resistance to phytopathogens with minor modifications.Results. It was established that the varieties Smak, Yantar, Dachny and Kazachok are medium susceptible to late blight, as shown in the Catalog of varieties. In the variety specimen Pri-12-35-4, with a low degree of necrosis and sporulation development, slices showed damage to 50% of the tubers surface with active sporulation and maturation of double-flagellated zoospores. Hybrids Pri-11-12-5, Pri-12-18-7 showed a high score for the development of necrosis and sporulation with a slight excess to these indicators for tubers (1.17-1.05 times). Among hybrids and varieties of potatoes, a sample of Pri-11-31-24 stood out, with an average score for sporulation and slice necrosis of 1.44 and 1,42, respectively, for tuber damage - 1,72.

Relevance.Extract-based compositions, combining various types of biological activity were created and tested, to reveal the potential of genus Rheum (Polygonaceae)plants bioactive substances. The aim of the work was to determine the composition of bioactive substances in R. rhaponticum L. plants extracts and assess the possibility of their use as a means of protecting vegetable plants from powdery mildew.Materials and methods. The methods of cultivation and research of R.rhaponticum plant materials was carried out at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (2012-2019). The subject of our study the bioactive substances of rhubarb roots and leaves were used. Results.The localization zones of anthracene derivatives were identified: in the main parenchyma of the secondary cortex and the parenchyma of the core rays of the rhubarb root. The amount of flavonoids and phenols in the root extract is 2 times more than in the leaf extract. To study the fungicidal and stimulating properties of rhubarb root extract in the control of powdery mildew, we conducted studies in a greenhouse on vegetable plants using artificial infection of seedlings. It was found that the chlorophyll transmittance index of leaves treated with rhubarb root extract increases until the concentration of the extract (R) reaches 1.5% (157.3 rel. units)(In the control – 119.2 rel. units). With increasing concentration of the extract to 2%, the chlorophyll index falls 1.2 times lower than the control values. The highest immunostimulating and fungicidal activity, intensifying with the addition of rhubarb leaf extract, was shown by rhubarb root extract. Its biological effectiveness was high at any intervals between treatment and infection (4 and 72 hours), and was directly proportional to concentration. Adding rhubarb leaf extract to the rhubarb root extract enhances the activity of the composition, and the risk of developing pesticide resistance among plant pathogens decreased.

Relevance. The article presents the results of a study of the increase in the amount of reducing sugars in the inversion of sucrose due only to thermal effects during ultrasonic processing of vegetable and fruit monocomponent purees (with or without added sucrose). The relevance of the study is to identify the quantitative thermal component of a separate process in the total inversion of sucrose at the specified parameters of ultrasonic action on the product.Material and methods. to perform this task, experimental samples of carrot, pumpkin and Apple puree with the addition of sucrose in an amount of 5% (by weight) and without it were previously made, which were then subjected to heat treatment at the same temperature and time exposure (at a temperature of 50 °C for 30 minutes). To study the dependence of the degree of sucrose inversion on the component composition of the processed product, the mass fraction of reducing sugars – fructose and glucosewas determined in the manufactured experimental samples of natural fruit and vegetable purees (without added sucrose) and in mixtures of purees with sucrose (according to a given recipe) before and after heat treatment at the specified parameters, depending on the recipe composition and pH of the medium.Results. The obtained results of the study of the carbohydrate composition before and after thermal exposure show that the amount of reducing sugars in products subjected to heat treatment has significantly increased, compared to the initial content. Thus, in Apple puree with added sucrose, the mass fraction of fructose after heat treatment of the mixture increased by 197 mg per 100 g, i.e. by 3.8%, and glucose – by 192 mg per 100 g, i.e. by 6.7%. The total invert sugar content of the Apple mixture increased by 4.8 %. In the carrot mixture of puree with sugar, the content of total reducing sugars after thermal exposure increased by 5.4%. At the same time, in carrot natural puree, the increase in reducing sugars was only 3.6%, which is 1.5 times lower. In the pumpkin puree mixture with sugar, the total content of reducing sugars increased by 3.9%, and in the natural puree, the amount of invert sugars increased by only 2.7%, which is 1.4 times lower than puree with added sugar.