Physalis (Physalis L.) is grown worldwide.  P. pubescens L. is most widespread in Russia. The analysis of development of biochemical properties in fruits of P. pubescens L. in temperate climate was presented in the article. The berries of physalis have acid reaction and high nutrient value due to polyphenols, carotenoids that give orange color, also contain moderate  quantity  of  vitamin  C.  Moreover  in  the  berry juice there are significant quantities of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese and boron. P. pubescens L. is a promising exotic  crop  that  can be used for  production  of functional  foodstuffs.   Physalis  berries  are  usually used as fresh vegetables for salad recipes, providing the sweet and sour balanced taste. The whole fruit berries are also processed  into  syrups or  dried,  so that they are regarded as ‘elegant raisins’. Our study showed that the dry matter content was 15.5% in cultivar ‘Zolotaya Rossiyp’ in temperate climate,  while the ascorbic acid content  was 9.9 mg per 100 g. of wet weight. In temperate climate 318 mg GAE/100 g. polyphenols were accumulated in the berry of P. pubescens L. The titrated acidity of ‘Zolotaya Rossiyp’  berries was 0.90%,  at  pH  4.72.  The level higher than 4 confirms the low  acidity. This can be explained by the fact of presence of organic acids as a free forms in the berry juice.

In recent years much attention is given to the search for new medicinal plants and an elaboration of preparation from plant raw material that is used in ethnomedicine  and for  production  of biologically active compounds (BAC). The forest herbaceous plants from Raifskiy district in Volgo-Kama National Park, and group of weed plants from urban and suburb places were exanimated for BAC content. In the group of herbaceous plants the flavonoid content varied from 1.10 to 15.85% in dry matter; the sum of chlorophylls content varied from 1.13 to 3.59 mg/g of dry matter. Among plant species exanimated: stone bramble, European wild ginger, eagle fern and white goosefoot were not regarded as pharmacopoeial plants, but they were characterized by significantly high content of flavonoids 2.74-4.26%.  Flavonoid and chlorophyll  contents  in the tissues of observed plants changed during of process  of  ontogenesis  in  most  species  and were highest in the phase at the beginning of flowering and during flowering time. It was shown that antioxidant and flavonoids contents increased while manmade load rose as noticed in birdweed (Polygonum aviculare L.). Thus, the examined different species of herbaceous plants can be regarded as promising sources of BAC.

The problem to choose and use ecologically plasticiable cultivar accessions is one of the most important stage of the program for adaptive vegetable production. The right decision of the problem leads to rational utilization of material and natural resources, decreasing the expenses and charges. For successful development of vegetable breeding the cultivar adaptive specifications is necessary to know. Vertical zonation along with hydrothermal condition had an essential effect on yield of red beet. Not being depended on maturity type of cultivar accession their yield increased by 1.9-3.2 t/ha successively from plains towards mountain zone, corresponding to pre-mountain and mountainous regions in Chechen Republic. On average, for tree-year study the highest yield was 45.8 and 45.1 t/ha in cultivars ‘Bona’ and ‘Tsilindra’ respectively, not being depended on the zone of cultivation. The cultivars ‘Donskaya Ploskaya’ (flat), and ‘Odnorostkovaya’ were sources of ecological resistance, while the cultivars ‘Boltardy’ and ‘Detroit’ were sources of productivity. The cultivars ‘Boltardy’ and ‘Gribovskaya Ploskaya’ that had been responsive on regulated environmental factors and resistant to unregulated environmental factors were of multipurpose usage and intensive-cultivation type. The ‘Bordo 237’, Dvusemiyannaya TCKHA’, ‘Odnorostkovaya’ and ‘Tsilindra’ were distinguished from other by accumulation of dry matter and total sugars in all zones of cultivation. On cultivation zone change from steppe towards pre-mountain and mountainous region, the tendency was revealed that dry matter, total sugars and vitamin C content had increased, while the nitrate content had only depended on cultivar features.

Diverse technological methods are widely used in horticulture to improve the energy of seed germination, as well as growth and development of plants and their productivity. Ecologically safe methods to accelerate the plant growth processes are known as a presowing treatment of seeds and foliar feeding by plant growth-stimulating agents of natural origin. Pre-sowing seed treatment is necessary when plants grow and maturate not simultaneously, as noticed in amaranth. The action of growth-stimulating agents is an influence in slight concentration not only on biometrical plant parameters, but also on photosynthetic reactions and whole plant physiology. The seed treatment by preparations containing biologically active substances is not only ecologically safe methods but also an economically profitable. Consequently, improvement of quality in vegetable crops by high content of biologically active substances in them, such as polyphenols can be reached with technologies based on the use of preparations, containing biologically active substances and biogenic chemical elements. It was shown that distinctive feature of red leaf plants of amaranth cultivar ‘Valentina’ was a very variable concentration of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin and their glycosides), hydroxycinnamic acids, simple phenols, polymeric and condensed polyphenols in different aged leaves at the time of vegetation. Moreover, the metabolite variation, antioxidant in fractions of phenolic compounds, obtained from different aged leaves, was increased by biopreparations of natural origin. It is supposed that those preparations had an effect on stress-action system as in protective plant reaction, increasing the antioxidants content. The data obtained has shown that the plants of amaranth, as a promising source of antioxidants, can be used to develop functional food products and phytopreparations.

One of the main directions of the food industry development is the production of functional food products. Changes in the human’s diet structure cause that none of population group does receive necessary amount of vitamins, macro and microelements in healthy routine diet. To solve this problem, food stuffs enhanced by different ingredients enable to improve the biological and food value. The pumpkin is a valuable source of such important substances as carotene and pectin. Addition of garlic and hot pepper ingredients to process of pumpkin pickling enables to enrich the products with carbohydrates, proteins, microelements, which have low or no content in the pumpkin fruit. Therefore, the study of the influence of the different quantities of garlic and hot pepper additions on chemical composition of finished product is very important. The influence of plant additions used on chemical composition of finished product had been well determined. It was shown that through increased doses of garlic and hot pepper ingredients as compared with control, the carotene and dry matter content then decreased by 1.16%-3.43% in pickled pumpkin, while the pectin content depended on added component. The highest pectin content, 0.71% was observed at addition of 10 g. garlic ingredient per 1 kg. of raw matter, that was 4.1 times higher than control. With increased addition of hot pepper ingredient the pectin accumulation was decreasing from 0.58% in control to 0.36% in variant 10g. per 1kg. of raw matter.

Only administrative measures are not able to ensure the priority of existence for great number of biological species. There should be contribution of each population, regions in many countries and each person. Responsibility for nature and concern for future generation are our common duty. The forgotten culture of tree onion has revived as it has been shown in Italy and the work for preservation of its biodiversity is in progress, already showing fruitful results. The interesting cuisine recipes with tree onion are also presented in the article.

Standard for organization for candied pumpkin has been developed. Industrial raw material. The following ‘Technical Specifications’ included: definitions, terms, abbreviations, technical requirements, orders of reception, trial methods, transportation and storage, labor protection, fire security and reference list. The product is pumpkin pulp cut to pieces of different shapes and sizes boiled in sugar syrup, dried and coated with granulated sugar. Fruits of pumpkin that need for production are obliged to be in the phase of biologically freshness and maturity, healthy, without soiling. The cultivars for table use with smooth peel, thick and dense, not fibrous pulp with thickness over 3 cm. and deepyellow or bright-orange color are taken. The finished products are packed according to GOST. The candied pumpkin is well preserved up to six month for retail sale and up to 12 month for further industrial processing. The candied pumpkin is stored in dried and well ventilated room with relative air humidity below 75% and temperature from 0° to 20°C.

The climatic conditions of the Derbent district of the Republic of Dagestan are favorable for seed-growing cabbage of white-cabbage and other varieties by a nonstop method. In the complex of measures to increase the efficiency of production of cabbage seeds, pest and disease control  plays an important  role. The article proves the application of a new approach to the protection system of testes of white cabbage. On the basis of long-term phytosanitary   monitoring   and   biocenotic   principles, which  allow differentiating  the use of  protective  equipment in each specific case, an integrated system of protection of testes of cabbage from the main pests in the conditions  of the south of Russia has been developed. New progressive methods in the implementation of basic technological  processes are economically justified.  The introduction of the system ensured a significant increase in the yield of testes of white cabbage and the profitability of  seed production.  For each ruble of  expenses for crop protection, 8.1 rubles of additional income was received. Applied in FIC VNIIR AES testicles of cabbage allowed  to  harvest 190 kg of  additional  yield of  hybrid seeds from each hectare. The amount of realization of the additional harvest was 114,000 rubles. The recoupment of  costs  in  terms  of  the  ruble  costs  is  29.5  rubles. Reducing the  pesticide  load on  agrocenosis, yielded a yield with good quality characteristics. The difference in germination was 5-6% higher when using satellites. The fulfillment of the seeds also depended on the protection system. Thus, the mass of 1000 seeds when using the AES of testes of cabbage in the F1 Hybrid Extra was 4.68 g, while the schedule of treatment was 3.83 g.

С  точки зрения  как  исследовательской, так   и  производственной, весьма  важным  является ответ   на вопрос о влиянии предпосевной оптической обработки семян когерентными излучениями на процесс выращивания рассады, в частности на этапах появления и развития всходов.  В  работе представлены результаты исследований   динамики  развития всходов   огурца Церес   F1,  выполненных  в   климатической камере кафедры  «Инженерная  защита окружающей  среды» Удмуртского госуниверситета.  Предпосевная  оптическая обработка семян выполнялась на установке «Луч-2». В ходе работ  контролировалось время появления проростков (петельки),  время  разворачивания  семядольных листьев, высота растений, временя появления и  размеры  настоящих листьев с  периодичностью в дневное  время  каждые  четыре часа.  Предпосевная оптическая обработка семян когерентными излучениями повлияла на все наблюдаемые параметры развития растений. У растений, выращенных из семян, прошедших  предпосевную  обработку, отмечено ускорение развития проростков на 17  часов,  полного развития семядольных листьев – на 27 часов в сравнении с контрольным вариантом. Одновременно у этих же растений наблюдалось увеличение высоты на 12-27%, площади 1-2-го настоящего листьев – на 12-16%. Проведённые наблюдения позволили определить  варианты предпосевной обработки, обеспечивающие лучшие значения рассматриваемых  параметров развития растений. При этом в  статье  отмечается,    что   различные  режимы предпосевной оптической обработки семян когерентными   излучениями   вызывают различные   реакции растений.

In prolonged rotation in winter greenhouses the efficiency of tomato plant formation was studied in hybrid ‘Taganka F1’ with extra sprout retained. The yield capacity was estimated depending  on location  of extra stems and the number of plants with extra stems. Maximal yield was observed when sprout density was to 3.1-3.3 per square meter regardless of terms of their formation.