147 new forms were obtained only from nine responsive unpollinated ovules of summer squash in 2015-2017. The cytological analysis is used to estimate the level of ploidy in regenerated plants R0. The small size of mitotic chromosomes and large number in Cucurbita genus make it difficult to count them even though they are well separated. As a result of analysis the optimal method of chromosome staining has been chosen with the use of modified propiono- lacmoid cytological technique. The rootlet tips and apical meristems were used to make smear preparations. As it was shown the summer squash was a difficult species as a cytological object because of low mitosis frequency and low number of metaphase plates with well scattered chromosomes. The photos of chromosomes in squash C. pepo subsp. brevicaulis var. giraumons Duch; distant hybrid (breeding accession N37) between variety ‘Cornishon’ and winter squash C. pepo subsp. longicaulis Greb. var. pepo and doubled haploid plants produced from them were made. In spite of the small size 2 μm the chromosomes observed were clearly seen. Nearly all regenerated plants that had been analyzed passed well the adaptation in vivo and occurred to be a doubled haploids (2n = 2x=40). The seed progeny was then obtained through self-pollination. About 20% of plants R0 analyzed were mixploids and supposedly only 7% were haploids.

Investigations were performed at Pushkin experimental station (Pushkin, Leningrad region), in 2010-2015. Genetic material was represented by 300 samples from Vavilov collection, coming from 18 countries. Results of samples evaluation (productivity, quality, resistance to pests and diseases, suitability for mechanized harvesting) are represented. Widely grown Russian and foreign varieties, interesting for practical usage, are described. As the result of carrot samples investigation, different level of productivity, strongly related with type of variety, was revealed. Samples of carrot, obtained stable level of productivity and quality are described. Best varieties with high level of carotene (13-17 mg/100 g) were NIIOH-336 (Russia), Amro (Denmark), Asmer Early Market (UK), Amsterdam Foram (Netherlands). At the same time, it is very impotent to combine components, which are responsible for the certain type of taste and quality too. Several varieties, bearing high level of resistance to carrot fly (Chamaepsila rosae) and storage diseases, were found. Perspective breeding material for the major directions of carrot breeding programs was chosen. It is highly recommended to use the set of varieties, bearing complex of valuable (early maturation, productivity, marketability, resistance to pests and diseases) traits: Feonia Banta and Nantes Scarletta (Denmark), Formula, Marko, Camillo и Flaxton (Netherlands), Asmer Super Strite and Suko (UK), Lossa Lunga (Italy), Nantsky (Bulgaria), Chantenay Supreme Long (USA), Selbstung (germany), Shantene 2461, Losinoostrovskaya 13, Vitaminnaya 6 (Russia). Prospects of heterosis breeding are adduced.

To achieve goal, the following tasks were solved: recipes for a new type of functional canned food – "Dessert of Jerusalem artichoke", consisting of a mixture of vegetables and fruits (based on Jerusalem artichoke), which has good organoleptic characteristics, experimental samples were made and their physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics were determined. At the same time, when developing the formulations of the selected range of functional foods, it is necessary to proceed from the requirements of GOST R 52349-2005 "functional Foods" from which it follows that each portion of the functional product must contain at least 15% of the daily consumption rate established By the Institute of nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences for a specific physiologically functional ingredient. To choose the best recipe of "Dessert" were made comparative experimental samples of canned food with the content of Jerusalem artichoke, as the main component, from 30 to 45%. The best composition of canned food "Dessert of Jerusalem artichoke", which received an average rating of 4.5 points, as a result of sensory analysis by rating, using a score scale, the following content of components: puree of Jerusalem artichoke – 40%, mashed carrots – 30%, mashed apples – 30%. According to the results of sensory evaluation of the intensity of the characteristics of the profiles for each of the five indicators: taste, color, aroma, appearance and consistency, as well as a diagram of the overall organoleptic evaluation of a new type of functional product "Dessert of Jerusalem artichoke".

The article analyzes modern technologies for storing fruit and vegetable products and presents possible options for their modernization. From this perspective, the improvement of canning technology using non-traditional methods of processing plant raw materials is an urgent task, the solution of which will allow preserving fruit and vegetable products, reduce the amount of waste and reduce the impact of vegetable processing plants on natural water bodies. Fruits and vegetables are perishable products and require special storage conditions from the moment they are available for sale to purchase by consumers. Keeping them fresh for as long as possible is quite a challenge, as some plants are able to continue maturing even after packaging and produce ethylene, which initiates certain changes in texture and color, tissue degradation. The authors pay special attention to the aspects of innovative technologies in the creation of edible films and coatings, which are currently the only type of biodegradable polymer packaging that does not require individual collection and special conditions of disposal. This is their main difference from traditional biodegradable plastics, which were originally proposed as an alternative to synthetic polymeric materials, and all were convinced that their creation once and for all will solve the problem of waste polymer packaging, which today threatens to become a global environmental disaster. At the same time, they are always more expensive than conventional plastics, in many cases can not be subjected to joint recycling; being in the deep layers of the landfill, they emit greenhouse gas methane. In addition, the raw materials for biodegradable plastics are provided by the same soil and water resources on which food is grown today (except for a very small amount of plastics produced from agricultural waste), and therefore their raw material base will always be limited. Recommendations are formulated on the organization of effective conservation of plant raw materials, intended for further processing or sale in retail and wholesale trade networks.

Research conducted at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection found that when using the peripheral and internal cloves of garlic for planting in comparison with the use of them of different locations without calibrating them by mass, during the growth between the variants differences in the area of the leaf surface of plants were observed. Indicator of the foliage also depends on of the location of the garlic cloves in the bulb. The location of garlic cloves, peripheral and internal, as a planting material, also affects the growth of vegetative mass formation and bulb weight. In the bulb structure the peripheral cloves of garlic have some increase in their quality over internals (the ratio is in the range of 60:40%). Analysis of the obtained productivity data makes it possible to note that in the formation of high yields of non-clotting garlic, the location of the clove of garlic in the bulb is of the leading importance. Differences in gross and commodity yields, between variants (B3) and (B2) are not so great, but the advantage of the first one is everywhere traced. Studies have also found that the use of all garlic cloves for planting at different locations without calibrating them by weight, leads to differently bulbs maturing time, which makes the harvesting process more difficult and leads to additional labor costs, in which case when harvesting - 24% of it consist of small noncommodity bulbs. The use of the same mass garlic cloves of different locations for planting ensures the simultaneous of ripening, a greater proportion of standard bulbs and a high quality of planting material.

The research was carried out at the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Vegetable-Melon Plant and Potato Research Institute in 2013-2015.mThe aim of the research was to evaluate F1 hybrids and their parental forms by early maturity and to identify the most promising combinations in the conditions of southern Uzbekistan. The studies are devoted to the selection of the parental forms of tomato of different maturation period and the creation on their basis of F1 tomato hybrids and their evaluation on a set of economically valuable traits, primarily on early maturity. The total yield was highest for Dar Zavolzhye, Chelnok, Persey, Utro-2, Slava Moldova, Gruntoviy Gribovskiy 1180, Lyana (51.4-64.4 t/ha) and F1 hybrids: Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, VIR-100 x Perseus, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Liyana, Lyana x Persey, Novichok x Slava Moldova, (76,2-90,8 t/ha). High early yield properties are distinguished in the samples of Ion-N, Lyana, Gruntovy Gribovsky 1180, Utro -2, VIR-100, Dar Zavolzhye (21.7-30.5 t/ha) and hybrid combinations Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Lyana, Lyana x Ion-N, the productivity of which for the first three harvest is 25.8-34.2 t/ha. The high effect of heterosis on the overall yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Argo x Slava Moldovy, Lyana x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Novichok x Slava Moldovy. The above hybrids exceeded the most productive parent by 21.6-33.6 t / ha. The effect of heterosis was 39.6-64.0%. A high effect of heterosis (from 107.5 to 161.2%) on early yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Dar Zavolzhye x Novichok, Lyana x Ion-N. Ion-N, VIR-100, Argo, Lyana, and the Slava Moldovy are distinguished according to this important indicator of the maturity of ripening. Only three combinations of Ion-H x Persey, Ion-N x VIR-100, Lyana x IonN, with the maturity of fruit ripening 43-54%.

Stavropol region is well known zone of vegetable seed production from 70th years of last century. Development seed production of main vegetable crops is connected with using of new technologies. New technological methods and its influence on the seed yield formation and on the quality of carrot seeds have been investigated in this study. The objects of the study were seeds of carrot variety Marlinka and different technological methods, including in schemes of sowing. Methods and conditions of experiments have been written in details with scheme of experiment by the study influence of sowing schemes on the seed productivity of carrot plants variety Marlinka. Years of study (2015-2017) have been characterized as drought. Seedling capacity of seeds was very small (about of 30%). Sowing with seed drill Matermacc (by the scheme of sowing: 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm) ensured the seedling capacity needed for survive of plants after winter. Yield of seeds was in 4-6 time higher in variant with using seed drill Matermacc and scheme of sowing 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm, than in variants with traditional technologies. Mass of 1000 seeds was similar under different technologies and schemes of sowing. But seedling capacity was significantly decreased under traditional technologies and using seed drill SZ-5,4.

The 4th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Innovative technologies in the field of genetics, breeding, seed production and reproduction of plants" was held in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden on September 3-10, 2017 with the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Ministry of Agriculture. Over 330 scientists attended the forum from regions of Russia and foreign countries. According to the results of the conference, a resolution was adopted on the future development of domestic seed production with a view to import substitution in the crop sector.

Obtaining high-quality seedlings is an essential condition for growing vegetables in modern cultivation facilities of protected ground. The influence of the composition and properties of peat briquettes on the growth and development of hybrid F1 of cucumber Zozulya seedlings, indicators of plant leaves photosynthetic activity, their net productivity in cultivation under controlled conditions of intensive light culture were investigated. It is shown how the change in the composition of peat briquettes affects their hydrophysical properties: volume, density, moisture absorbing capacity, etc., which is reflected in the state of cucumber seedlings. Thus, for the grown cucumber seedlings, peat briquettes had more favorable hydrophysical properties, which included, in addition to neutralized peat, Cambrian clay, separately or in combination with straw in the amount of 10% of the peat volume, or with sapropel. The moisture absorbing capacity in the considered peat briquettes was optimal for growing plants in conditions of intensive light culture and ranged from 617 to 774%. Optimization of the hydrophysical properties of peat briquettes was positively reflected in the photosynthetic activity of the leaves. The photosynthetic potential increased by 20-29%, the leaf surface area – by 19-40%; net productivity of plants photosynthesis – by 0.6-3.2 g/m2 per day, which eventually led to the formation of plants with a higher biomass – by 10-48%. An increase in the content of straw in the peat briquette to 20% led to a decrease in the moisture absorbing capacity of the peat briquette, which contributed to a certain deterioration in the physiological state of plants and, as a consequence, to a tendency towards to reduce the mass of plant seedlings.

Fermentation is a very complex dynamic process with numerous chemical, physical, and microbiological changes affecting the quality of the finished product. At present, in the industry starter cultures are practically not used, which leads to large losses of finished products (up to 40 %). The use of starter cultures allows not only to obtain high quality products, but also to significantly reduce production losses. The aim of the research was to study the process of directed fermentation of white cabbage variety "Slava" using strains of lactic acid bacteria and their consortium, taking into account the degree of their mutual influence. The following lactobacilli were used as strains of lactic acid bacteria – Lactobacillus brevis VKM V1309, Lactobacillus plantarum VKM V-578. Experiments were carried out on model media to obtain comparative data. In the process of directional fermentation using strains of lactic acid microorganisms and their consortium for the first time studied the dynamics of changes in quality indicators. Mathematical models developed in the course of research adequately describe the degree of destruction of glucose and fructose during fermentation. The model medium was made of white cabbage (raw material) for research, for this purpose it was subjected to homogenization and sterilization in order to create optimal conditions for the development of the target microflora and to determine the degree of destruction of glucose and fructose by various strains of lactic acid microorganisms. In the process of research, we found that the use of a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (L. brevis + L. plantarum) for this culture medium is impractical, but the addition of fructose in the amount of 0,5% by weight of the model medium can significantly intensify the process of fermentation of white cabbage.