Relevance. The use of chemical fungicides in protecting plants from pathogens is the most common way, despite the proven danger of pesticides. The use of biofungicides based on essential oils of medicinal plants, which also have phytoncidal properties, can be a suitable alternative to chemical preparations. In the years favorable for the development of alternariosis or cladosporiosis, spots appear on the plants, leading to necrosis and significant loss of seed productivity. Therefore, the search for new effective and safe means of combating fungal phytopathogens becomes relevant.Methods. Alternaria alternata (2018-1.1) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (2019-11.4) strains were isolated from leaves with signs of alternariosis and cladosporiosis, on which the essential oils Abies alba, Artemisia vulgaris, Caryophyllus aromaticus, Coriandrum sativum, Lavandula officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Pimpinella anisum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia sclarea, Thymus vulgaris. The antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated by comparing the diameter of the experimental (with the addition of essential oil to the Petri dish) and control colonies using the author’s scale.Results. All studied essential oils had antifungal properties, but species-specificity was observed. Essential oils of basil, coriander and thyme showed a fungicidal effect on C. cladosporioides and A. alternata. Lavender oil proved to be a fungicide for A. alternata and a strong fungistatic for C. cladosporioides. To create biological products for plant protection against alternariosis, sage essential oil (moderate fungistatic effect) may also be of interest, and cladosporiosis - anise and rosemary oils.

Relevance. The evaluation of adaptive ability of varieties is an actual direction in selection. Phenotypic plasticity of legume crops, in particular green bean, in Siberian region has not been studied enough. There is a need to evaluate grade samples for adaptability and stability, as highly and medium adaptive varieties can realize their genetic potential of productivity in extreme continental climate of Western Siberia.Materials and methods. On the basis Department of Selection, Genetics and Forestry, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (2015-2019), long-term evaluation of grade samples of green bean of different ecological and geographical origin with a bush type of growth was carried out. Of particular interest are signs that have a significant impact on crop productivity. The signs were studied: number of beans on plant, weight of beans from plant, weight of one bean, yield capacity. The objective of the study is to evaluate the adaptive ability and stability of common bean varieties in the conditions of Siberian region.Results. The conditions of Western Siberia are suitable for cultivating vegetable beans on a green spatula and seeds. It has been established that, based on the weight of one bean, the coefficient of variation has a negative value. This indicates a low variability of the trait depending on the natural and climatic conditions, which allows selection of breeding valuable varieties for this parameter. As a result of the study, 6 genotypes of the crop, combining high productivity and environmental resistance, were selected. It was established that varieties Veronika and Darina can be referred to non-plastic samples. Samples could diversify breeding material of the crop and show the value according to specific features in edaphic-climatic conditions of Western Siberia.

Relevance. The genus Brassica includes the most important vegetable, oilseed, spice and forage crops. Many representatives of cabbage are widely used as model objects for studying economically valuable traits. Limited publications devoted to the study of genetic aspects of the implementation of morphological quantitative features of B. rapaand the lack of data on the influence of environmental parameters on their implementation make it a very urgent task to study these features in the RAES. Material and methods.The purpose of this work is to study the influence of environmental light factors on the manifestation of economically valuable features in the mapping populations of B. rapain the RAES. The peculiarity of our research is the study of lines of mapping populations of B. rapa in strictly controlled conditions of the RAES. The studied populations were grown under optimal conditions with a 12-hour photoperiod. 21 DH 30 lines and 31 DH 38 lines were used. Several types of economically valuable traits were studied: the timing of transition to flowering, the growth rate of the plant, the habit and morphological characteristics of the leaf and leaf rosette. Results. A high degree of variation in the expression of the studied traits between lines within the population was revealed, which is consistent with previously published data [1, 2]. Highly productive genotypes, which can be used in further genetic selection work, including for obtaining genotypes, lines, and varieties adapted for growing in light culture, have been selected. The obtained data can also be used for further study of the influence of physical environmental factors on the manifestation of selectively significant quantitative traits in cabbage plants.

Relevance. The article presents the results of studies to determine the effectiveness of the use of new types of water-soluble fertilizers in different doses. The obtained results will be used for the development of new agricultural practices and improvement of technologies for growing table watermelon.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the Volgograd Trans-Volga region at the Bykovskaya melon selection experimental station in 2018-2019. We studied the dose of water-soluble fertilizer on the quality of the watermelon table variety Triumph.Results. Studies have found that the use of water-soluble fertilizers has a positive effect on the yield and its structure. The advantage of using water-soluble fertilizer Hakafos with the content of nutrients in equal proportions dose of 900 g/100 l, yield 7.2-10.6% more compared to other studied water-soluble fertilizers with a similar dose and 44.7% more compared to pure control (without treatments). Evaluation of the results showed a positive effect of water-soluble fertilizers on the marketable qualities of watermelon fruits. In variants with the use of water-soluble fertilizers, the fruits are larger, 18.1-34.1% more compared to the control (without treatments), and 4.2-9.2% more yield of standard products. Studies have found that the use of watersoluble fertilizers do not have a negative impact on the quality and environmental purity of products, the amount of nitrates in the fruit does not exceed the maximum permissible values. The use of this agricultural technique in the technology of cultivation of table watermelon, as studies have shown, can significantly improve the economic performance of the production of this product.

Relevance. Modern cultivation facilities require serious costs for their construction and subsequent operation. For the construction of 1 hectare of modern greenhouses with the cultivation of vegetable plants in light culture, about 200-250 million rubles are needed. The payback period of greenhouses is 5-6 years or more, which depends on the output from a unit area of greenhouses in value terms. And the latter, in turn, depends on the crop grown, the timing of its cultivation and receipt of products, as well as yield. Of course, the most important influence on the timing of crop cultivation and cost the resulting harvest is provided by the presence of an artificial lighting system greenhouses and its power. So expensive cultivation facilities should be used as long as possible during the year. Plan most the effective use of greenhouses throughout the year is called cultural turnover. Typically, a culture rotation includes one or more cultures. Time, one culture is called turnover. Throughout the year in each greenhouse plants are grown in one or several revolutions. And to remove or to shorten the breaks between turns on the elimination of old plants, preparation of greenhouses for a new turn and their disinfection use interplanting.Methods. The experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses of the Moscow region in 2018 - 2019 in greenhouses equipped with artificial light of 2 hectares.Results. For various reasons, a number of greenhouse plants refuse Interplanting. Here, from our point of view, there are both objective and subjective reasons. The features of the use of interplanting when growing in light culture will be discussed in this article.

Relevance. Vegetables are increasingly recognized as being in demand for food security. Vegetable production reduces poverty and unemployment and is a key component of farm diversification strategies. Vegetables are the most affordable source of vitamins and minerals necessary for good public health. Now is the time to give priority to investments in the production of vegetables, providing enhanced economic opportunities to small farmers and providing healthy nutrition. The purpose of the research is to analyze traditional and new technologies for the production of salad crops (bunch greens, microgreens, baby leaf), to determine the structure of production costs.Materials and methods. The methods used in economic science were used. The information base of the study was reference materials from specialized publications on the subject under study; materials coming from open and greenhouse vegetable market participants, own research; Internet data (industry portals, sites of manufacturers of open and protected ground products, articles and reviews).Results. The assortment of lettuce crops, technological parameters for the production of bunch greens, microgreens and seedlings (baby leaf) are presented. It is shown that with proper planning and organization of labor, the production of bunch greenery, microgreen and baby leaf can provide a stable income. The combination of traditional and new technologies for growing green vegetables in open and protected ground conditions can provide the market with high-quality products. Continuous improvement of new technologies, reducing the cost of consumables, economical use of energy, water and increasing labor productivity contribute to lower costs and product prices.

Relevance. The Volgograd region is one of the major producing regions of table carrots with a difficult climate, therefore, regional adaptation of technology parameters and optimization of reclamation regimes under drip irrigation is necessary. According to most researchers, it is important to take into account the weak development of the root system of carrots in the initial periods of plant growth and development, so the differentiation of the moistened soil layer will allow more rational and productive use of soil moisture.Materials and methods. The working hypothesis of the studies was the assumption that it is possible to intensify the production process of carrots when managing water and mineral nutrition by drip irrigation against the background of high-quality soil preparation with the formation of ridges and the use of modern sowing units. In accordance with the hypothesis put forward, the research program is based on the assessment of threshold values of the conditions for the appointment of vegetation irrigation with drip irrigation and doses of mineral fertilizers.Results. The determination coefficient of the estimated dependences of the carrot water consumption coefficient on the duration of maintaining the starting irrigation regime and mineral nutrition conditions is 0.87-0.94, which characterizes a strong relationship between the indicators included in the equation. it was beneficial for Cordoba F1 hydride to maintain the starting regime of carrot irrigation, oriented to moisten the calculated 0.2-soil layer, to the stage of formation of the 2nd leaf, as well as to apply mineral fertilizers with a dose of N240P90K315 of the planned yield level, 120 t/ha was not received. The productivity of other hybrids studied in the experiment did not exceed 100 t/ha; therefore, it is advisable to introduce mineral fertilizers with a dose of N190P75K245, calculated specifically for this level of planned yield.

Relevance and methodology. Today, white cabbage is the most popular type of vegetable raw materials used for fermentation not only in Russia, but also in other countries. To obtain a variety of flavors and shades of flavor, various vegetables (carrots, sweet peppers), fruit (apples, cranberries) and spicy-aromatic additives (cumin, dill seed, etc.) are added to the cabbage during fermentation. During fermentation, the product contains not only the initial components of the raw material (vitamin C, macro-and micronutrients), but also significantly increases the number of lactic acid microorganisms – the main "participants" in the process.One of the main products of the metabolism of lactic acid microorganisms is lactic acid. At a concentration of 0.5%, it begins to inhibit the development of many microorganisms. When reaching a concentration of 1-2% microbiological enzymatic hydrolysis, as a rule, ceases. The accumulation of acetic acid allows us to judge the intensity of the heterofermentative stage of fermentation using strains of lactic acid microorganisms.Results. The L. plantarum + L. casei consortium has shown a synergistic interaction in the accumulation of lactic acid, since the amount of acid produced by the consortium significantly exceeds the amount of acid produced by each strain separately. This point is also noted for the accumulation of acetic acid. In the L. brevis + L. casei consortium, the opposite situation is observed: when using cultures separately, the accumulation of lactic acid occurs to a greater extent than when using two cultures simultaneously. There are no obvious differences between monocultures and the consortium in terms of acetic acid accumulation. In the case of the L. plantarum + L. brevis consortium, we observe a synergistic interaction, with the dominant role in this consortium played by L. plantarum, and the contribution of L. brevis to the accumulation of lactic acid is insignificant. At the same time, the total resulting accumulation of acetic acid is significantly less than the result of each strain separately, which may indicate a negative mutual effect of the participants in the process. Acid degradation of the polysaccharide matrix of cell walls does not occur during the entire fermentation process.

Actuality. Industrial technologies of vegetable crops cultivation, including squash cultivation, a lot of attention is paid to the uniformity of seeds by morphometric traits as a condition allowing to use the precision technologies.The goal of the study is to determine specificities of measured polyvariance the seeds of Cucurbita pepo var. giramontia Duch. under changes of climate conditions in Transnistria.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at the experimental plot of Pridnestrovian State University (Tiraspol) in 2005-2012. Objects of studies – 5 lines (166/5; 19/84; 98/5; 5Б; 48/20) of squash. Morphometric traits of seeds: mass, width, length, thickness were evaluated in the sample of 100 seeds. Mass of the seed was evaluated with help of torsion scales with exactness to 0,001 g. Width, length, thickness were mesuared with microscope MBS-10 with exactness to 0,1 mm. squash plants were treated with water solutions of the preperation Micefit in concentrations 10 and 100 mg/l in the phase of "2-3 true leaves" and "6-7 true leaves", standard is water treatment.Meteorological conditions (temperature, amount of precipitation) the year of seed reproduction were characterized by the data of Tiraspol Agrometeorological Station. Hydrothermal regime the growing of squash plants was characterized by the hydrothermal coefficient (CHT) of Selyaninov.Results. The nature of changes in temperature and precipitation over 7 years (2005-2012 periods) were reflected increased anomality of weather conditions in Transnistrian region. First of all, it concerns the quantity and the intensity of precipitation during the formation and maturation of squash seeds. Distribution decades of total precipitation and temperatures caused extremely uneven hydration: CHT variation ratio was 29.2-61.3%. Almost all periods of study were stressful for plants and led to the dimensional polyvariance of squash seeds. The variation of morphometric traits (coefficient of variation) is depended on changes in the hydrothermal regime of the growing season. It has a non-linear character and was genotypically caused. Applying the preparation Micefit had a significant effect on the manifestation of traits of squash seeds and its interaction with meteorological factors determined their modifying ability in the following order: mass (78,2%)→ length (56,6%)→ thickness (43,7%)→ width (40,4%).

Relevance. Increasing the resistance of vegetable plants to unfavorable growing conditions with the use of growth regulators that actively affect the seed quality, increase the survival rate of seedlings, stimulate the setting, formation and maturation of the crop is a significant reserve for increasing productivity with the already achieved level of intensification of their production.Material and methods. The effect of verbascosides obtained by exhaustive extraction with 60% aqueous ethyl alcohol from the aboveground part of Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. (Scrophulariaceae) was studied on the germination, growth, development and yield of tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and white cabbage. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in an aqueous solution of verbascosides for 15-20 minutes, followed by drying to flowability at the rate of 0.5-0.8 liters of solution per 1 kg of seeds.Results. It is shown, that possessing phytoregulatory activity and influencing the metabolic and synthetic reactions of plants, these compounds, applied exogenously, stimulate the seed germination energy and total germination of vegetable crops, provide simultaneous appearance of seedlings and optimal plant density, accelerate the growth dynamics of plants assimilation surface and fruit mass. Reducing the consequences of stresses arising in the process of plant growth and development, they thereby contribute to increasing plant resistance, productivity and improving the commercial quality of the products. The ability of these compounds to improve the production process of vegetable crops, depending on the type and variety of vegetables was established. Their highest stimulating effect was determined on cabbage variants, where the yield exceeded the control by 34.3%. The performed studies and obtained results allow to recommend the pre-sowing seed treatment with a 0.01% solution of biological active substances from Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. as an element in technology of growing vegetable.