Relevance. The article presents the results of using three different selection methods to obtain new forms of tomato that combine high productivity with resistance to high-temperature stress factor.Methods. Eleven hybrid combinations were used as experimental material. Selections were made starting with the offspring of the F1 generation. Three different methodological approaches were used: 1 – step-by-step alternation of sporophytic-gametophytic selections under high temperature pressure; 2 – only gametophytic selection using heat-treated pollen for pollination; 3 – traditional selections based on a high value of indicators of the studied traits. In each of the variants of the experiment, we studied: the heat resistance of offspring at different stages of ontogenesis – "sporophyte-gametophyte"; the duration of the vegetation period of plants; the fruit formation; the total yield. The offspring of the most stable and productive plants isolated from different hybrid combinations were combined in the populations in each variant of the experiment and a comparative analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the methods used was carried out.Results. It is shown that the combination of step-by-step sporophyte-gametophyte selections under the action of high-temperature regimes (43°C and 45°C), at early stages (F1–F3) lead to more stable, productive offspring in F5-F7 both for sporophyte and gametophyte traits, compared to using only gametophyte selections and stronger differences relative to the control variant. The gradual alternation of selections at different stages of ontogenesis also leads to the production of offspring with a shorter period of passage of the phenophases "seedling-flowering" – "floweringmaturation" and a stable manifestation of signs that determine the quality of the fruits. Using only gametophytic selections and traditional methods of selection was less effective than alternating sporophyte-gametophyte ones.Conclusions. The differentiating ability of the selection methods used and their influence on obtaining more resistance and productive genotypes was established. The advantage of the method of step-by-step alternation of sporophyte-gametophyte selections, which led to the production of new lines (118/1, 124/1, 133-11/1, 133-12/1, 134/1, 110/1 and 7/1) with high resistance at different stages of ontogenesis (sporophyte-gametophyte), shorter vegetation period and high fruit-forming capacity in three different years of research (2015-2017).

Relevance.Meeting the needs of the pharmaceutical industry with domestic medicinal raw materials is relevant. Methods.The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness application by growth regulator, organomineral and microfertilizers on Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) in conditions of Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The experimental part of the work was performed in Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in 2010-2011 and 2016-2017 by field experiments. On burdock we tested fertilizer Siliplant (0.5 l / ha): the first treatment was in the rosette phase, the second - after 20 days. On sage studied binary mixture of organomineral fertilizer EcoFys (1 l / ha) with fertilizer Zitovit (0.5 l / ha; applied in phase regrowth of plants) with following foliar application by complex microfertilizers Siliplant (0.5 l / ha) and growth regulator Zircon (40 ml / ha). The solution consumption is 300 l / ha.Results. The effectiveness of chelated form micro-fertilizers and organomineral fertilizers applied on various medicinal plants was shown. It has been established, that complex application by EcoFys+Zitovit (I treatment) and microfertilizer Siliplant with growth regulator Zircon (II treatment) can increase the productivity of Sage:  yield of grass raised by 23%, roots by 40%. Similar results were obtained on the Greater Burdock culture – treatment of plants with microfertilizer Siliplant allowed to increase the yield of roots by 28%, leaves-by 24%.

Relevance. In connection with the annual epiphytotic development of peronosporosis (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostow. on cucumber and the absence varieties immune to this disease, it is advisable to create and cultivate precocious varieties and hybrids that can form the main part of the yield before the period of mass spread of the disease. In order to rationally use the cucumber gene pool long-term research of the world collection is carried out to search of sources of yield, precocity and resistance to peronosporosis.Material and methods. The studies were conducted at Volgograd Experimental Station of VIR (Volgograd province). The research material was 370 cucumber accessions from the world collection of VIR. Evaluation of accessions on a complex of signs was carried out according to methodical guidelines of VIR.Results and conclusions. Long-term study of cucumber accessions of various geographical origin showed that the duration of the interphase period "mass seedlings - the first harvest of fruits" did not differ significantly in samples of different geographical groups, most of them belong to the early ripening. It was found that the duration of the fruiting period depended on the degree of resistance of plants to peronosporosis: the higher the resistance of the variety or hybrid, the longer the fruiting period. A number of precocious, yielding hybrids and varieties, as well as samples with a long period of fruiting and relative resistance to peronosporosis, were allocated. The perspective material for the decision of separate problems in breeding of a cucumber is recommended.

Relevance. Population growth and income growth, especially in urban areas, are already causing an increase in market demand as consumers seek to optimize their nutrition. Increased vegetable production to meet this demand creates important economic opportunities, especially for greenhouses.Materials and methods. The purpose of the research is to analyze the stages of development of domestic vegetable growing in greenhouses and the problems of organic greenhouse farming in the Russian Federation. The methods used in economic science were used. The research information base  was compiled by official state statistics; normative legal acts of federal and regional levels; data of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation; reference materials of specialized publications on the subject under study; materials from participants in the market of vegetables of greenhouses, own research and other.Results. The development of protected ground in Russia has repeatedly been given the attention of state bodies. The main stages of the formation of domestic vegetable growing of protected soil are considered; trends characteristic of the domestic market, which is subject to the influence of external and internal factors. Currently, in general, vegetable growing in closed ground is showing positive dynamics. Since 2000, the production of greenhouse vegetables has increased by 3.6 times. The gross growth of vegetables is due to the positive dynamics of two components: an increase in the area of new generation greenhouses and an increase in yield per meter of inventory. Most of the greenhouses being built and commissioned are high-tech complexes, the construction of which was made possible thanks to  state support. The competitiveness of domestic vegetable products is possible in the formation of a favorable investment climate for the development of innovative technologies and increase the  profitability of greenhouse plants. This can be achieved by limiting the growth of prices for material and technical resources (equipment, fertilizers, protective equipment, energy, etc.); increase in the share of vegetable producers in the final market price; stabilization of decent prices for vegetables; increasing incomes (to maintain consumer demand); accelerated technical and technological modernization of production; maintaining state support; a ban on the return of unsold products. Pursuant to Federal Law No. 280-ФЗ “On Organic Production and Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” dated January 1, 2020, it is necessary to provide public and private financing for organic greenhouse farming as part of the research program of the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Production as the only state research institute for vegetable growing.

Relevance. The article presents the results of studies to determine the effectiveness of the use of new types of water-soluble fertilizers in different doses. The obtained results will be used for the development of new agricultural practices and improvement of technologies for growing table watermelon.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the Volgograd Trans-Volga region at the Bykovskaya melon selection experimental station in 2018-2019. We studied the dose of water-soluble fertilizer on the quality of the watermelon table variety Triumph.Results. Studies have found that the use of water-soluble fertilizers has a positive effect on the yield and its structure. The advantage of using water-soluble fertilizer Hakafos with the content of nutrients in equal proportions dose of 900 g/100 l, yield 7.2-10.6% more compared to other studied water-soluble fertilizers with a similar dose and 44.7% more compared to pure control (without treatments). Evaluation of the results showed a positive effect of water-soluble fertilizers on the marketable qualities of watermelon fruits. In variants with the use of water-soluble fertilizers, the fruits are larger, 18.1-34.1% more compared to the control (without treatments), and 4.2-9.2% more yield of standard products. Studies have found that the use of watersoluble fertilizers do not have a negative impact on the quality and environmental purity of products, the amount of nitrates in the fruit does not exceed the maximum permissible values. The use of this agricultural technique in the technology of cultivation of table watermelon, as studies have shown, can significantly improve the economic performance of the production of this product.

Relevance. Biologically active compounds are widely used at the modern vegetable production, and especially at the seed production. Influence of Micephyt preparation in the mixed with Etrel is evaluated at the first time. The goal of the study is evaluation the effect of Micephyt in the mixed of Etrel on the obtaining of hybrid seeds of the squash (Cucurbita pepo var. giramontia Duch.).Materials and methods. Studies were carried out at the experimental plot Transnistrian State University named T.G. Shevchenko (Tiraspol) during 2010-2012. The object of studies was maternal line F1 (166/5x98/5) of squash (analog of commercial hybrid F1 Lenutsa). Materials of study were preparations: Etrel (c= 0 and 300 ppm) and Micephyt in the mixed with Etrel (c= 10 and 100 ppm). There were 2 treatments of squash plants with these preparations: at the stage 2-3 leaves, and at the stage of 6-7 leaves.Results. Treatments maternal line of squash F1 with mixed preparation “Etrel-300 ppm + Micephyt-10 ppm” show the positive effect on the seed productivity of plants. We observed the significant increasing main components of seed productivity during three years of study. The mass of 1000 seed was increased on 10.1%; the quantity of seed fruits was increased on 9.0%; the quantity of fruits on the plant was increased on 11.8% and the seed productivity was increased on 33.0%. Seed yields of F1 squash were increased in 1.37 times on the standard (“Etrel-300 ppm”) after plant treatment with mixed preparation “Etrel-300 ppm + Micephyt-10 ppm”. High quality of seeds was maintained. The profitability of additional costs associated with the use of the preparation Micephit for the treatment of the maternal line 166/5 squash was 343%. So, the treatment of squash plants with mixed preparation “Etrel-300 ppm + Micephyt-10 ppm” is economic effective element the technology of F1 squash hybrid seed production.

Actuality. Industrial technologies of vegetable crops cultivation, including squash cultivation, a lot of attention is paid to the uniformity of seeds by morphometric traits as a condition allowing to use the precision technologies.The goal of the study is to determine specificities of measured polyvariance the seeds of Cucurbita pepo var. giramontia Duch. under changes of climate conditions in Transnistria.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at the experimental plot of Pridnestrovian State University (Tiraspol) in 2005-2012. Objects of studies – 5 lines (166/5; 19/84; 98/5; 5Б; 48/20) of squash. Morphometric traits of seeds: mass, width, length, thickness were evaluated in the sample of 100 seeds. Mass of the seed was evaluated with help of torsion scales with exactness to 0,001 g. Width, length, thickness were mesuared with microscope MBS-10 with exactness to 0,1 mm. squash plants were treated with water solutions of the preperation Micefit in concentrations 10 and 100 mg/l in the phase of "2-3 true leaves" and "6-7 true leaves", standard is water treatment.Meteorological conditions (temperature, amount of precipitation) the year of seed reproduction were characterized by the data of Tiraspol Agrometeorological Station. Hydrothermal regime the growing of squash plants was characterized by the hydrothermal coefficient (CHT) of Selyaninov.Results. The nature of changes in temperature and precipitation over 7 years (2005-2012 periods) were reflected increased anomality of weather conditions in Transnistrian region. First of all, it concerns the quantity and the intensity of precipitation during the formation and maturation of squash seeds. Distribution decades of total precipitation and temperatures caused extremely uneven hydration: CHT variation ratio was 29.2-61.3%. Almost all periods of study were stressful for plants and led to the dimensional polyvariance of squash seeds. The variation of morphometric traits (coefficient of variation) is depended on changes in the hydrothermal regime of the growing season. It has a non-linear character and was genotypically caused. Applying the preparation Micefit had a significant effect on the manifestation of traits of squash seeds and its interaction with meteorological factors determined their modifying ability in the following order: mass (78,2%)→ length (56,6%)→ thickness (43,7%)→ width (40,4%).

Relevance. Increasing the resistance of vegetable plants to unfavorable growing conditions with the use of growth regulators that actively affect the seed quality, increase the survival rate of seedlings, stimulate the setting, formation and maturation of the crop is a significant reserve for increasing productivity with the already achieved level of intensification of their production.Material and methods. The effect of verbascosides obtained by exhaustive extraction with 60% aqueous ethyl alcohol from the aboveground part of Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. (Scrophulariaceae) was studied on the germination, growth, development and yield of tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and white cabbage. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in an aqueous solution of verbascosides for 15-20 minutes, followed by drying to flowability at the rate of 0.5-0.8 liters of solution per 1 kg of seeds.Results. It is shown, that possessing phytoregulatory activity and influencing the metabolic and synthetic reactions of plants, these compounds, applied exogenously, stimulate the seed germination energy and total germination of vegetable crops, provide simultaneous appearance of seedlings and optimal plant density, accelerate the growth dynamics of plants assimilation surface and fruit mass. Reducing the consequences of stresses arising in the process of plant growth and development, they thereby contribute to increasing plant resistance, productivity and improving the commercial quality of the products. The ability of these compounds to improve the production process of vegetable crops, depending on the type and variety of vegetables was established. Their highest stimulating effect was determined on cabbage variants, where the yield exceeded the control by 34.3%. The performed studies and obtained results allow to recommend the pre-sowing seed treatment with a 0.01% solution of biological active substances from Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. as an element in technology of growing vegetable.

Relevance. The main areas under vegetables, including onions, are located in the south of Russia. Inclusion of vegetables in the list of food safety products with a threshold value of 90% will significantly increase the responsibility of agricultural workers at all levels for the production and sale of vegetable products. The purpose of the research is to justify the feasibility and effectiveness of cultivating promising varieties and hybrids of onions during irrigation in the Lower Volga region to obtain yields of 150 or more t/ha of high-quality products.Methods. For the first time in the area of chestnut soils, comprehensive scientific research was conducted on resource-saving techniques to increase the productivity of a vegetable crop in an extremely arid climate by regulating the physiological and biological processes during drip irrigation, and a system was developed for applying these techniques. Research in the experiment was carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The most significant increase in the onion crop was obtained on the variants of the complex application of the studied agricultural methods and amounted, on average, for 2011...2016 with an irrigation regime of 75...75...75% of HB on the standard variety Volgodonets – 159%, relative to the control, on a promising hybrid Octant F1 – 118%, on the hybrid – 125%. With the regime of 70...80...75% of HB on the Volgodonets standard grade – 155%, relative to control, on the promising Oktant F1 hybrid 113%, on the Valero F1 hybrid – 115%. When calculating the cultivation efficiency of this crop, economic data were obtained, the value of which allows us to conclude that when planning the growth of onion production efficiency, agricultural producers are recommended to introduce agricultural technology with a profitability of 253.63%: promising hybrid Octant F1, irrigation mode – differentiated, background N450P180K135+Mortar+Energy-M. Against this background, in the context of research on the variety and hybrids, the maximum return on production costs is 3.2 rubles. An analysis of data on a combination of crop-forming factors showed that for onions when cultivating promising hybrids Octant F1 and Valero F1, when planning yields of 130 and 150 t/ha, it is necessary to maintain a moisture level of 70...80...75% HB, and when grown without fertilizers and when planning 110 t/ha it is enough to create a permanent irrigation regime.

Relevance. The annual increase in the area under the eggplant culture in small farms and the individual sector is explained by high nutritional, dietary, taste, and also the multi-purpose use of fruits. For optimal growth and development, eggplant needs a high amount of active temperature, which greatly limits the cultivation of crops in many regions of Russia. However, the egg-plant growing area is expanded through the use of industrial and film unheated greenhouses. The development of technology elements for growing eggplant in film greenhouses is relevant, as it contributes to an increase in the area of farms.Materials and methods. The aim of the research was to substantiate the elements of the technology for growing eggplant in film unheated soil greenhouses. The studies were carried out in 2018-2019 at the base of the Educational and Scientific Production Center “Vegetable Experimental Station named after IN AND. Edelstein» RGAU-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev in the summer-autumn turnover in a film unheated soil greenhouse. The objects of research were varieties and F1 eggplant hybrids: F1 Borovichok, F1 Bagira, F1 Tender, F1 Patio Trio, as a control they used a hybrid F1 Pelican; eggplant varieties: Mushroom pleasure, Black handsome, Don Quixote, they used the Frant variety as a control.Results. In general, based on the results of studying the influence of the formation of two and three stalked eggplant varieties and hybrids on the total yield in the conditions of summer-autumn turnover in film soil greenhouses, we recommend that all studied hybrids and varieties be grown in three shoots.