Main achievements and progress of VNIISSOK’s scientists in field of vegetable breeding and seed production are presented in the article. More than 900 varieties of vegetable and flower crops were developed, among them 561 varieties were included into the State Register of selection inventions of Russia. The seed production of main vegetable and flower crops is carried out. Presales pretreatment of seeds and its sale are improved.

A periodic phytopathology field monitoring was conducted on 35 introduced common bean (Phaseolus) accessions at Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute in 2014. The epiphytotic disease black root rot on the bean crops (over 75 % reduction of the stand) was recorded for the first time for the area of Bulgaria. The causal agent isolated from the plant tissue was identified as the fungus Thielaviopsis basicola (Berkeley) Ferraris. A strong relationship between disease severity variation and environmental and soil conditions was established. Black root rot was most severe when cool and wet weather occurred from seedling time to about three weeks after planting, combined with increased soil compaction. Field resistance was recorded in Bulgarian var. “Plovdivski zult”, var. “Starozagorski tzer” and line № 564 (3,66%, 5.33% and 6,50 % dumping-off of bean seedlings, respectively). Bean accession introduced from dry climate areas were highly susceptible to black root rot pathogen (over 76.0 % dumping-off of bean seedlings). Indirect relationship was found between bean tolerance to Th. basicola and presence of the anthocyanin in the hypocotyl and seed coat color. Install the average negative correlation between seed color signs (and hypocotyl) and the resistance of plants to Th. basicola. Samples with resistance to black root rot belong to the group with beige, red, brown or black color of seeds. The presence of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins) in the seed coat and hypocotyls beans can serve as an indirect indication of the selection of resistant to black rot breeding materials.

The technology of pre-planting treatment of early-ripening potato increasing the volume of production in the Eastern forest-Steppe of Ukraine is presented. This technology is referred to development of organic-mineral container, which covers the surface of tubers and remains there until planting. During this period, the substance of the substrate has a direct impact on growth of apical points of tubers that stimulate its germination and development of root system, and prevent the breaking of sprouts. Comparative data of time of seedling emergence and yield of different potato varieties are presented.

The species of pests spreading in cabbage planting are listed in the article. The recommendation for the herbicides application for cabbage protection against different pests is presented. The ways of improvement of herbicides application are shown.

The results of study of inheritance of bulb color in onion are presented in the article. It was shown that the differences in bulb color (yellow, brown, white, red, etc) are determined by several genes in genome.

The results of three-year study of density of cucumber seed-plants when using drop irrigation in condition and planting system 50+90 сm are shown. The optimal plant density for seed production purposes is 70 thousand plants on 1 hectare.

The fraction composition and content of phenolic compounds in vegetable plants with high content of polyphenols is presented. The developed functional foods is a complex of antioxidants such as dehydro- quercetine, quercetine, rutin, amaranthine, etc., which can be used for immune system reinforcement, against dysbacteriosis, and promotion of health.

Based on the complex of agronomical traits, the foreign sweet maize hybrids Testy Sweet, Honey, Bentham, Trophy, Sweet Nugget, and Super Sundance are recommended for growing in the conditions of the south zone of the Amur region. In this conditions, the vegetation season is 78-80 days, the yield of corn of milky ripeness is 16,9 t/ha.

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Using two mapping populations of DH lines of Brassica rapa (DH30, obtained by crossing of turnip and yellow sarson, and DH38, obtained by crossing of pakchoi and yellow sarson) the QTL analysis of five biochemical traits of quality was done. For the first time in Russia, for each investigated trait was determined QTL, as well as the effects of action of reviled QTL, percent of phenotype variability for each QTL and molecular markers genetically linked with identified QTL. Reviled molecular markers can be used as effective tool upon mass screening of collection and breeding material for biochemical traits of quality.