Relevance. The study is aimed at evaluating the biological effectiveness of insecticides to reduce the number of tobacco thrips and gourd aphids in a film greenhouse on gourds. These pests cause significant damage to plants and can carry a viral infection. In greenhouse conditions, tobacco thrips can produce up to 7-8 generations, and melon aphid – up to 16 generations per season. The recommended pest control products have a limited protective duration in protected ground conditions, and in most cases promote the development of resistance in insects.Results. The article presents the results on the use of the insectoacaricide MatrinBio, BP against melon aphids and tobacco thrips, and the biological effectiveness in reducing the number of pests is determined. A single treatment with a bioinsecticide kills up to 90% of tobacco thrips insects. Efficiency against melon aphids is 27% lower. It is noted that the period of the protective action of MatrinBio, BP lasts up to seven days, then decreases. On the fourteenth day, the biological effectiveness against pests is; for thrips – 72%, and for aphids – 40%. For comparison, bioinsecticide Fitoverm, EC, was chosen as a standard, which showed worse results in reducing the number of tobacco thrips (less by 20...25%), but had the best protective effect against melon aphids - by 19...21%. Re-treatment with drugs seven days after the first one significantly reduced the number of pests. To prevent the emergence of resistance in pests in protected ground conditions, it is recommended to include MatrinBio, BP in the integrated protection system and alternate with insectoacaricides from other classes or use in various combinations.

Relevance. In Belarus, no full-fledged studies have previously been carried out to identify species diversity, to identify forms of vegetable beans that have similar genetic diversity. The purpose of the research is to determine the number and ratio of biotypes, to identify the level of genetic polymorphism in vegetable bean varieties by electrophoresis of storage proteins.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out at the BSAA in 2021–2022 on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil. The experience was based on generally accepted methods and guidelines. The objects of research were 42 varieties of vegetable beans (34 - bush form) and (8 - climbing) of Belarusian and Russian selection. Analysis of seed storage proteins in vegetable bean varieties and identification of spectra were carried out according to the methods. To assess the differentiating positions (zones) of the spectrum, identify protein components, and estimate the molecular masses of proteins, standard marker solutions of proteins “Thermo Scientific” – Unstained Protein Ladder (range 5–112 kDa, number of identified proteins – 11) were used.Results. Differences between genotypes were revealed in internal genetic diversity and elements of the protein spectrum of globulins. It has been established that vegetable bean varieties are characterized by hidden genetic variability and a certain level of polymorphism with a different number of biotypes in the structure of the varietal population. In 60% of the analyzed forms, there is a direct relationship between the manifestation of rare, selection-significant components and the degree of complexity of the total component composition of the protein spectrum. This criterion has practical significance and can be used in breeding work with the vegetable bean crop.

The aim. Today we are witnessing the actualization of research on plant sources for the pharmaceutical and food industries. It is caused by a significant increase in demand for these types of resources. Therefore, a variety of case studies aimed at identifying the characteristics of plant resources, are becoming more actual too. In accordance with this need, the present work aims to identify a relationship between the content of flavonoids in the raw material of such important source of plant raw material as Epilobium angustifolium and soil and climatic conditions and group of raw materials.Methods. At the first stage of this work were applied cartographic, geographical methods and methods of geobotanical description of phytocenoses to determine the most suitable locations for the purposes of the study. At the second stage were applied the method of spectrophotometry to determine the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin and the method of correlation analysis.Results. As a result of the application of these methods were obtained data on the content of flavonoids in the Epilobium angustifolium raw materials, collected in various soil and climatic conditions, as well as in various morphological groups of raw materials. These data were compared by the method of correlation analysis and after that a positive correlation between the content of flavonoids in the leaves and inflorescences of Epilobium angustifolium was found.Conclusion. It was determined, that the content of flavonoids fluctuation, depending on the Epilobium angustifolium place of growth, was 2.05% in the leaves and 2.5% in the inflorescences of this plant. An average positive correlation of 0.65 was found between the content of flavonoids in the leaf and inflorescences of Epilobium angustifolium. However, the correlation between the content of flavonoids and the latitude of Epilobium angustifolium growth wasn’t identified.

Relevance. Population dynamics (population waves) is an intrinsic quality of population systems. These fluctuations can be induced by various factors, e.g. environmental conditions and resource availability, elements of a food chain from the same or a higher level (competitors, parasites, predators), and diseases. Few researchers have addressed the issue of the population dynamics of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata in the Russian Far East. This paper investigates the reasons why the potato ladybird beetle became a pest of introduced cultivated plants.Materials and methods. To collect data on imagines, all research sites were examined at intervals of eight days during the entire period of the study. The examination of the research sites was conducted within one day. All the imagines taken from host plants were marked at the first encounter by puncturing their elytra with a sewing needle (0.4 mm in diameter) according to Hirano. The next generation of beetles was marked with nail polish (in two-three days after emergence) to avoid traumatizing the insects. At the second encounter, these beetles were also marked by puncturing their elytra with a needle. The methods implemented did not have an adverse effect on the survivability of the studied imagines. The beetles were released to the same plants where they had been taken from. The research data were analyzed by Jolly’s method.Results. Overwintered imagines appeared in the fields and began ovipositing at the end of May. The first generation of imagines appeared at the end of June – the begging of July. The second generation of imagines could be observed at the end of July – the beginning of August. A part of the imagines migrated to overwintering sites without ovipositing approximately at the end of August. The overwintered beetles were observed to emerge on the Mongolian oak Q uercus mongolica, the greater celandine Chelidonium majus, and the bird cherry Prunus padus. A typical primary biotope of the potato ladybird beetle was a potato field at the stage of vegetative growth (5-7 leaves) surrounded by the couch grass Elymus repens, the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale, and the perennial sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis. Marking the overwintered and new generations of imagines showed that the presence of the potato ladybird beetle in an ecosystem depended on agricultural and agrometeorological conditions.

Increase in green vegetables popularity in nutrition and medicine promotes investigations of new cultivar and hybrid biochemical parameters. Nutritional value and antioxidant status of three Rumex representatives: Rumex acetosa L. (Krupnolistny cv.), Rumex sanguineus L. (prospect genotype) and Rumex confertus Willd. were studied. Antioxidant defense parameters (total antioxidant activity, polyphenol and ascorbic acid content) decreased in accordance to: Rumex sanguineus L. > Rumes confertus Willd. > Rumex acetosa L. Thus the ascorbic acid content in bloody dock (R. sanguineus)  reached 129 mg/100 g which was 1.48 times higher than in Russian dock (R. confertus) and 3.17 times higher than in garden sorrel (R. acetosa). The total chlorophyll content was also the highest in bloody dock (17.74 mg/g d.w.) compared to 15.88 mg/g in R. confertus and 13.07 mg/g in R. acetosa leaves. The new R. sanguineus genotype was characterized by high decorative properties and demonstrated twice higher oxalic acid content compared to R. acetosa, Krupnolistny cv., and 1.5 times higher value than in R. confertus. High decorative and medicinal value of R. sanguineus was connected to a great extent with the intensive anthocyanin accumulation reaching 7.2% and high nitrate content. The results of the present study indicate high prospects of R. sanguineus genotype utilization in landscape design, food industry and medicine.

Relevance and purpose of the study. Chinese cabbage is a vegetable crop with a high content of vitamins and low calorie content, valued for its ability to receive several crops per year and high productivity. Recently, there has been a reduction in the supply of the vegetable to Russia. There are less than 70 varieties and hybrids of the crop in the State Register of Selection Achievements, many of them are susceptible to the most important diseases. It is necessary to meet consumer demand with new commercial hybrids with resistance to stressors. The aim of the study was to evaluate and obtain genotypes with a set of valuable economic traits, including resistance to clubroot, powdery mildew, and early bolting.Materials and methods. The Chinese cabbage lines of various degrees of inbred and DH, as well as hybrid combinations from crossing these lines, were used as plant material. The lines were obtained in 2019-2020, the breeding material for them was selected on the ground infected with clubroot and with tolerance to tip burn of heads. To achieve the goal, the following methods were applied: plants cultivation; DNA isolation (CTAB method); PCR analysis; electrophoresis and visualization of results; productivity assessment and dispersion analysis; obtaining doubled haploids in culture of isolated microspores in vitro, assessment of resistance/susceptibility to powdery mildew.Results. 2 genotypes with high productivity and alignment in turnover summer-autumn 2022 and a genotype exceeding 3 standards in head weight in turnover spring-summer 2022 were recommended; as a result of molecular genotyping, 41 lines were differentiated according to the clubroot resistance gene CRb; DH plants for 4 genotypes with resistance to early bolting were obtained, their responsiveness to embryogenesis was studied; 18 lines were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew, 7 genotypes with resistance to the disease were identified.

Relevance. For a more complete realization of the biological potential inherent in the culture and directly in each variety, in the agrotechnology used, separate elements are used that contribute to more effective plant development. This should include the use of biological preparations that are not only able to stimulate and regulate the growth and development of plants, but are also safe for the environment. In this regard, the research results presented in this paper are relevant and timely.Materials and methods. In our study, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds and its (processing) aftereffect on grain quality indicators and seed sowing properties. The early-ripening variety of spring soft wheat Iren was taken as an object of research. The subject of the study is biological preparations, their effect and aftereffect during pre–sowing seed treatment on the formation of grain and the quality of the seed material of the crop.Results. Studies have revealed differences in the intensity of the effect of presowing seed treatment with biological preparations and the aftereffect of treatment on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain. The aftereffect of the drugs increased the protein content in the grain. The maximum protein content in the experiment was obtained in variant 2 (the preparation was obtained by the method of VAG based on pine needles (HS 22)) – 17.0%.The gluten content in the grain in variants of experiments 2 and 3 was formed above 32%, which corresponds to the 1st class. The maximum gluten content in the grain was obtained in variant 2 (HS 22) – 41.8% in experiment 3 (aftereffect). The vitreous content of the grain in all variants of experiments 2 and 3 is higher than 60%, which makes it possible to classify the grain to the 1st class. A higher level of grain nature was obtained on variants with the aftereffect of drugs. Grain on the variants of experiment 3: control, 3 (LP 4), 8 (Cytohumate), 9 (Lignohumate) with grain in kind above 750 g should be attributed to the 1st class.

Relevance. One of the priority areas of research at Heterosis Selection LLC is the creation of varieties and the development of regional agricultural technology for growing seed material of flower crops. The article represents the results of the study of intravarietal variability according to 7 structural features of marigolds (Tagetes patula L.) cv. Elena Prekrasnaya under the conditions of the Southern Urals. To develop a methodology of seed production of marigolds in the conditions of the Southern Urals, it is necessary to study a complex of morphological features and identify those that more fully contribute to the preservation and maintenance of the variety.Results. As a result of the study of intravarietal variability, it was found that the most stable traits of the variety of marigolds cv. Elena Prekrasnaya are the height of the plant, the diameter of the inflorescence, and the number of seeds in the inflorescence. Efficient selection when obtaining original seeds of marigolds cv. Elena Prekrasnaya will be when focusing on the signs of plant height and inflorescence diameter. In order to obtain high-quality seeds in the industrial seed production of marigold in the conditions of the Southern Urals, it should be kept in mind that in the period from August 20 to September 1, half of the potential seed yield ripens – 49.4%. The greatest uniformity of seed ripening (37.3% of the total yield) was noted on September 1. The harvesting of inflorescences during this period provided the production of seeds with high sowing qualities.

Relevance. Pumpkin is a food, medicinal and fodder crop of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is valued for its high content of vitamins, minerals, organic acids. At present, thanks to the huge variety of species and modern selection, it is possible to select pumpkin varieties for cultivation in almost any region, including areas with short and not too hot summers. Udmurtia belongs to the zone of risky farming, the end of spring frosts is observed on average in the first ten days of June, and autumn frosts on the soil are possible at the end of August. Due to the short frost-free period, it is necessary to choose earlier maturing varieties, grow the crop through seedlings and use temporary shelters. The pumpkin fruit is usually large in size, is a thick layer of pulp, covered with a dense peel. When cutting such a fruit, the pumpkin is not stored in the future, it requires urgent processing. In this connection, in recent years, portioned varieties of pumpkin, the size of the fruit of which does not exceed 1.5–3.0 kg, have become increasingly in demand.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: a comparative assessment of varietal characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin species. In 2020–2021 in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin varieties. We studied varieties of pumpkin: Pearl, Crumb, Honey Tale, Marble, Rossiyanka, Smile, Candied fruit.Results and its discussion. Within two years, pumpkin varieties of large-fruited and nutmeg were studied. On average, for two years, the pumpkin Medovaya skazka distinguished itself with the highest yield. In 2021, the yield for the Medovaya Skazka variety was 64.7 t/ha. The yield increase was obtained due to an increase in fruit weight, which in 2020 amounted to 2.9 kg, in 2021 - 6.5 kg. The studied varieties of pumpkin differed in quality indicators of fruits. On average, over two years, the varieties Rossiyanka and Mramornaya showed an increase in the content of water-soluble sugars in fruits. The fruits of the pumpkin Candied fruit and Kroshka were distinguished by a high content of dry matter.

Relevance. Currently, the priority direction in the development of the food industry is the use of local raw materials and the production of products with increased nutritional value, i.e. with an increased content of micronutrients, which include vitamins, minerals, macro and microelements. One of these products of plant origin is the pumpkin culture. The cultivation of high-yielding, versatile, nutrient-rich crops, such as pumpkin, plays an important role in ensuring food security. When breeding new improved varieties, special attention is paid to the adaptability of the crop to growing conditions, as well as to portion fruits with high taste and technological qualities.Purpose. Selection of the most adapted, productive, high-quality pumpkin samples for breeding and their cultivation in industrial production and the private sector in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.Material and methods. Field research was conducted in 2021-2022 at the experimental site of the selection (organic) crop rotation, in the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University. Meteorological conditions during the years of the experiments were different, but quite typical for the climate of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The object of research are 5 varieties of large-fruited pumpkin: Dietary, Red etamp, Crumb, Honey crumb, Honey dessert; two samples of selection of the Omsk State Agrarian University: 1/15, 2/15; three samples of selection of the FGBOU IN RGAZU: 4/21, 5/21, 7/21. Observations, accounting and analysis were carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. The biological yield of the studied cultivars varies from 10.3 to 42.2 t/ha in 2021 and from 18.2 to 35.8 t/ha in 2022.