Relevance. F1 hybrids breeding programs of onion are based on the use of nuclear cytoplasmic male sterility (NCMS). Breeding and seed production based on NCMS suggest a development of a female sterile maternal line, a maintainer line and a paternal component. The development of an isogenic pair of sterile line – maintainer line is one of the most labor-, time-consuming and intellectually-intensive stages of a breeding program, the implementation of which becomes more complicated with an increase in the number of traits / genes for which selection is carried out.Methods and results. This paper presents a genetic scheme for the development of a Downy mildewresistant (pathogen P. destructor) maintainer line of onion using marker-assisted selection (MAS). F2 populations were obtained from the cross of the female maintainer inbred line, Bn1- (13) (genotype – cytN msms pdpd) and male inbred line resistant to Downy mildew, No. 136 (genotype – cytT MsMs PdPd). DNA marker DMR1 were used for Downy mildew resistance gene Pd, jnurf13 – for maintainer gene ms and marker system 5`cob: orfA501 – for N, S and T cytoplasms. It was shown that the MAS application allow to develop a stable Downy mildew resistant maintainer line cytN msms PdPd in two generations.

Селекционные программы по созданию F1 гибридов лука репчатого строятся на основе использования ядерно-цитоплазматической мужской стерильности. Селекция и семеноводство в этом случае предполагают 3-линейную схему – стерильную материнскую линию, закрепитель стерильности и отцовский компонент. Создание изогенной пары 'стерильная линия – закрепитель стерильности' – один из наиболее сложных этапов селекционной программы, выполнение которого усложняется с увеличением числа признаков/генов, по которым проводится отбор. Представлена схема создания устойчивой к пероноспорозу (возб. Peronospora destructor) линии закрепителя стерильности лука репчатого с применением маркер-опосредованного отбора по ядерному гену устойчивости к пероноспорозу Pd (молекулярный маркер DMR1), ядерному гену закрепления стерильности ms (молекулярный маркер jnurf13) и по цитоплазматическим генам, определяющим N, S и T цитоплазмы (маркерная система 5`cob:orfA501). В результате гибридизации инбредной линии лука репчатого №136 (генотип – цитT MsMs PdPd) с геном Pd устойчивости к пероноспорозу и донора аллелей закрепления стерильности (ms), инбредной линии лука репчатого Бн1-(13) (генотип – цитN msms pdpd) получены расщепляющиеся популяции F2, из которых маркер-опосредованным отбором выделены гомозиготные по устойчивости к пероноспорозу линии-закрепители стерильности – цитN msms PdPd. Показано, что наследование гена устойчивости к пероноспорозу Pd в расщепляющихся популяциях от самоопыления гетерозигот Pdpd нестабильно и имеет существенное отклонение от менделевского распределения доминантных и рецессивных признаков в потомстве F2 при моногенном наследовании. Применение маркер-опосредованного отбора по целевым генам позволило создать устойчивую линию-закрепитель стерильности цитN msms PdPd за 2 поколения. | F1 hybrids breeding programs for onion are based on the use of nuclear cytoplasmic male sterility. Such breeding and seed production assumes development of a female sterile maternal line, a maintainer line and a paternal component. The development of an isogenic pair of sterile line and maintainer line is one of the most complex stages of a breeding program, the implementation of which becomes more complicated with an increase in the number of traits/genes for which selection is carried out. This paper presents a genetic scheme for the development of a Downy mildew resistant (pathogen Peronospora destructor) maintainer line of onion using marker-assisted selection (MAS). F2 segregating populations were obtained from the cross of the female maintainer inbred line, Bn1- (13) (genotype – cytN msms pdpd) and male inbred line resistant to Downy mildew, No. 136 (genotype is cytT MsMs PdPd). DNA marker DMR1 were used for Downy mildew resistance gene Pd, jnurf13 – for maintainer gene ms and marker system 5`cob: orfA501 – for N, S and T cytoplasms. The inheritance of the peronosporosis resistance gene Pd in segregating populations originating from self-pollination of heterozygotes Pdpd is unstable and has a significant deviation from the Mendelian distribution of dominant and recessive traits in the F2 generation with monogenic inheritance. It was shown that the MAS application allows developing the stable Downy mildew resistant maintainer line cytN msms PdPd in two generations.

Relevance.The physiology of insects nutrition and digestion reflects the diversity of their food specialization, aimed at the most effective use of feed. The choice of the object of nutrition is provided by attractants in it, as well as the presence of substances necessary for the insect to pass the stages of development and general nutrition. On the other hand, the “plant-phytophage” system has well-developed barriers that limit the choice of plants by insects for settling, feeding, and eggs laying. In the modern literature, there is very little information on the effect of food plants on fertility, development duration, and changes in morphometric parameters in 28-spotted potato ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky). However, they are important for understanding the ecology of the pest and developing effective control measures.Research methodology. The laboratory colony of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) was established in 2019. Adults were collected in various locations throughout Primorsky Territory, Russia. For an introduction into the culture of the insectarium, imagos, clutches, and larvae were collected in natural habitats. Standard methods of keeping and breeding insect cultures were used, aimed at optimizing the parameters of the environment, the density of the content, and the feed supply.Results. The uneven influence of crops on different aspects of the ontogenesis of the potato ladybird was revealed. The potato was the most favorable food in most experiments. When feeding with this crop, the smallest incubation period of eggs, the largest sizes of larvae of initial ages, the largest sizes of pupae, fertility, low mortality was observed, and as a result, the largest growth coefficient (3.22±0.22) and the shortest period of development from eggs to imago (21.3±0.81) were revealed. The remaining forage plants used in the study showed a less unambiguous result. The different influence of crops on both individual indicators and the ontogenetic periods of the phytophage was found. When eating tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, lime, high overall mortality was noted. At the same time, linden stimulated the development of eggs and the growth of young larvae but provoked low fertility and a general prolongation of the development period. According to the set of characteristics, pumpkin, cucumber, and linden were the least favorable for nutrition.

A twenty eight spotted potato ladycow Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) is a polytrophic pest of different agricultural crops. The data on the influence of food plants on fertility, development duration, and changes in morphometric parameters are important for understanding the ecology of the pest and developing effective control measures. The laboratory colony of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) was established in 2019. Adults were collected in various locations throughout Primorsky Territory, Russia. For an introduction into the culture of the insectarium, imagos, clutches, and larvae were collected in natural habitats. Standard methods of keeping and breeding insect cultures were used, aimed at optimizing the parameters of the environment, the density of the content, and the feed supply. Insects were grown in tissue isolation sections at a temperature of 25±1.05 deg. C and relative moisture content of 85±2.25%, for photoperiod of 16±1.25 h. The uneven influence of feed plants on different aspects of the ontogenesis of the potato ladybird was revealed. The potato was the most favorable feed in most experiments. When feeding on this plant, the smallest incubation period of eggs, the largest sizes of larvae of initial ages, the largest sizes of pupae, fertility, low mortality was observed, and as a result, the largest growth coefficient (3.22±0.22) and the shortest period of development from eggs to imago (21.3±0.81) were revealed. Larvae of older ages were also excellently developed when feeding on eggplant. The different influence of food plants on both individual indicators and the ontogenetic periods of the phytophage was found. When eating tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, lime, high overall mortality was noted. Linden stimulated the development of eggs and the growth of young larvae but provoked low fertility and a general prolongation of the development period. According to the set of characteristics, pumpkin, cucumber, and linden were the least favorable plants for nutrition of the pest. | Двадцативосьмиточечная картофельная коровка Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) – многоядный вредитель различных с.-х культур. Сведения о влиянии пищевых растений на плодовитость, продолжительность развития и изменение морфометрических показателей важны для понимания экологии вредителя и разработки эффективных мер борьбы с ним. Лабораторная колония Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) создана в 2019 г. Взрослые особи были собраны в разных местах по всему Приморскому краю (Россия). Для внедрения в культуру инсектария собирали имаго, яйцекладки и личинки в естественных местообитаниях. Использовали стандартные методы содержания и разведения культур насекомых, направленные на оптимизацию параметров среды, плотности содержания и кормовой обеспеченности. Насекомых выращивали в тканевых изоляторах при температуре 25±1,05 град. C и относительной влажности 85±2,25%, при фотопериоде 16±1,25 ч. Выявлено неравномерное влияние пищевых растений на разные аспекты онтогенеза картофельной коровки. Наиболее благоприятным кормом в большинстве экспериментов оказался картофель. При питании на этом растении наблюдались наименьший инкубационный период яиц, наибольшие размеры личинок начальных возрастов, наибольшие размеры куколок, плодовитость, низкая смертность, и как следствие выявлены наибольший коэффициент роста (3,22±0,22) и наименьший период развития от яиц до имаго (21,3±0,81). Личинки старших возрастов также отлично развивались при питании на баклажане. Обнаружено различное влияние пищевых растений как на отдельные показатели, так и на онтогенетические периоды фитофага. При питании томатом, огурцом, тыквой, липой была отмечена высокая общая смертность. Липа стимулировала развитие яиц и рост личинок младших возрастов, но провоцировала низкую плодовитость и общее удлинение сроков развития. По совокупности характеристик, наименее благоприятными для питания вредителя оказались тыква, огурец и липа.

Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known as a food plant. However, in folk medicine in many countries, the roots and leaves of chicory are used as a choleretic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic agent. In this regard, a promising direction of research is a detailed study of the biological characteristics and chemical composition of this plant in order to substantiate its use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The article presents an analysis of the available information on the botanical classification and biological characteristics, agricultural technology, chemical composition and the use of the aerial part of the cultivated common chicory in scientific and folk medicine. Possible resources for collecting chicory leaves are wild-growing populations, as well as varieties of root chicory, which is grown in Russia as an industrial crop. Under natural conditions, chicory occupies disturbed habitats characterized by low soil fertility, pollution with heavy metals, and increased competition with other ruderal plants. While in the conditions of culture, the best agroecological conditions for growing plants are provided, accelerating their development and contributing to accumulation of biologically active substances in greater quantities, compared with wild ones. In this regard, a promising direction of research is to study the influence of various factors (illumination, temperature, weather conditions, agrotechnical measures, varietal characteristics, growth regulators) on the content, qualitative composition and dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active compounds in the leaves of cultivated common chicory.

Цикорий обыкновенный (Cichorium intybus L.) широко известен как пищевое растение, а в народной медицине многих стран корни и листья цикория используют в качестве желчегонного, противовоспалительного, гипогликемического средства. Перспективно изучение биологических особенностей и химического состава этого растения с целью обоснования его применения в лечебных и профилактических целях. Проведен анализ имеющейся информации о ботанической классификации и биологических особенностях, агротехнике, химическом составе и использованию в научной и народной медицине надземной части культивируемого цикория обыкновенного. Показано, что надземная часть цикория содержит обширный перечень фармакологически значимых соединений, обуславливающих широкий спектр фармакологической активности его извлечений, поэтому ее следует рассматривать как потенциальное лекарственное растительное сырье. Возможными ресурсами для сбора листьев цикория являются дикорастущие популяции, а также сорта корневого цикория, который выращивают на территории России как техническую культуру. В природных условиях цикорий занимает нарушенные местообитания, характеризующиеся низким плодородием почвы, загрязнённостью тяжёлыми металлами, а также повышенной конкуренцией с другими рудеральными растениями. В условиях культуры обеспечиваются более благоприятные агроэкологические условия для роста растений, ускорения их развития и повышенного накопления биологически активных веществ. Перспективно изучение влияния различных факторов (освещенность, температура, погодные условия, агротехнические мероприятия, сортовые особенности, регуляторы роста) на содержание, качественный состав и динамику накопления биологически активных соединений в листьях культивируемого цикория обыкновенного. | Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known as a food plant, in folk medicine in many countries, the roots and leaves of chicory are used as a choleretic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic agent. Promising is the study of the biological characteristics and chemical composition of this plant in order to substantiate its use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. There has been carried out an analysis of the available information on the botanical classification and biological characteristics, agricultural technology, chemical composition and the use of the aerial part of the cultivated common chicory in scientific and folk medicine. It is shown that aboveground part of chicory comprises a wide list of pharmacologically essential compounds determining a spectrum of pharmacological activity of its extracts, so, it should be considered as potential medical plant material. Possible resources for collecting chicory leaves are wild-growing populations, as well as varieties of root chicory, which is grown in Russia as an industrial crop. Under natural conditions, chicory occupies disturbed habitats characterized by low soil fertility, pollution with heavy metals, and increased competition with other ruderal plants. In the conditions of culture, more favorable agroecological conditions for plant growth, their development acceleration and increased accumulation of biologically active substances are provided. Promising is to study the influence of various factors (illumination, temperature, weather conditions, agrotechnical measures, varietal characteristics, growth regulators) on the content, qualitative composition and dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active compounds in the leaves of cultivated common chicory.

Relevance.The solution to the problem of providing the population of our country with high - quality plant production all year round is possible when creating high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative, resource-saving technologies for growing plants in an artificial climate, including the development of a new generation of root inhabited thin-layer analogues of soils.Materials and methods. The research was carried out under controlled conditions of intensive artificial-light culture, when growing lettuce plants of the Typhoon variety on thin - layer analogs of soil of various composition and a low-volume soil analogue based on high-moor peat with a low degree of decomposition "Agrofit", selected as a reference for comparison, in plant growing light equipment developed at Agrophysical Institute.Results. Evaluation of the influence of thin-film analogues of the soil based on the suspensions Cambrian clay, and /or sapropel in different ratios on the production process of lettuces showed when compared with control (hydrophilic fabric): a positive tendency to increase of height, number of leaves per plant; a significant increase in wet mass by 25-35%, dry mass in 54-80%, percent dry matter in 16-36%; increase of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity at 20-36%, net productivity of photosynthesis by 16-45%; a significant or in a form of tendency to increase in the content of potassium by 14-17%, calcium by 27-35%, zinc by 29-53% and disaccharides by 28-68%. In comparison with the low-volume analogue of the soil based on high-moor peat of a low degree of decomposition "Agrophyte" (standard), it was found an increase in the form of a pronounced positive trend in growth indicators - the height and number of leaves. wet, dry mass of plants, percentage of dry matter; net productivity of photosynthesis, a reliable or in form of trend to increase in leaf area, photosynthetic potential by 20-30%; an increase in the content of mineral elements in lettuce leaves. Possible reasons for the lower productivity of lettuce plants in the control were determined, and it associated with an increase in water intake in leaf tissues against the background of the absence of additional mineral and / or organic nutrition. The content of heavy metals and nitrates did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in all variants. All thin-layer analogs of the soil with the application of suspensions of various compositions can be recommended for growing lettuce in any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive artificial-light culture.

The solution to the problem of providing the population with high - quality plant production all year round is possible when creating high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative, resource-saving technologies for growing plants in an artificial climate, including on root inhabited media of new generation, that is, soil thin layer counterparts (STC). The lettuce Typhoon variety was grown in vegetation photo installations developed at the Agrophysical Institute on STC of different composition and low-volume soil counterpart 'Agrofit' (comparison reference). Evaluation of the influence of STC based on the suspensions Cambrian clay, and /or sapropel in different ratios on the production process of lettuces showed when compared with control (hydrophilic fabric): a positive tendency to increase of height, number of leaves per plant; a significant increase in wet mass by 25-35%, dry mass in 54-80%, percent dry matter in 16-36%; increase of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity at 20-36%, net productivity of photosynthesis by 16-45%; a significant or in a form of tendency to increase in the content of potassium by 14-17%, calcium by 27-35%, zinc by 29-53% and disaccharides by 28-68%. In comparison with the reference a pronounced tendency to increasing was observed for indicators: the height and number of leaves, dry matter content, net productivity of photosynthesis, a reliable tendencious increase in leaf area, photosynthetic potential by 20-30%; an increase in the content of minerals in lettuce leaves. A relatively low productivity of lettuce plants in the control is probably associated with an increase in water intake in leaf tissues against the background of the absence of additional mineral and / or organic nutrition. The content of heavy metals and nitrates did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in all variants. All STC with the application of suspensions of various compositions can be recommended for growing lettuce in any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive artificial-light culture. | Решение задачи круглогодичного обеспечения населения высококачественной растительной продукцией возможно при создании наукоемких автоматизированных фитотехкомплексов на основе инновационных, ресурсосберегающих технологий выращивания растений в условиях искусственного климата, в т.ч. на корнеобитаемых средах нового поколения – тонкослойных аналогах почвы (ТАП). Салат сорта Тайфун выращивали в вегетационных светоустановках, разработанных в Агрофизическом институте, на ТАП различного состава и малообъемном аналоге почвы 'Агрофит', (эталон сравнения). Оценка влияния ТАП на основе суспензий с кембрийской глиной и/или сапропелем в различных соотношениях на продукционный процесс растений салата по сравнению с контролем (гидрофильная ткань) показала положительную тенденцию увеличения высоты, числа листьев с растения; достоверный рост сырой массы на 25-35%, сухой массы – на 54-80%, сухого вещества – на 16-36%; увеличение площади листьев и фотосинтетического потенциала – на 20-36%, чистой продуктивности фотосинтеза – на 16-45%; достоверное или в виде положительной тенденции увеличение содержания калия – на 14-17%, кальция – на 27-35%, цинка – на 29-53% и дисахаров – на 28-68%. По сравнению с эталоном выраженную тенденцию к увеличению наблюдали для показателей: высоты и числа листьев, продуктивности, содержания сухого вещества; чистой продуктивности фотосинтеза, достоверное или в виде положительной тенденции увеличение площади листьев, фотосинтетического потенциала – на 20-30%; увеличение содержания минеральных элементов. Относительно низкая продуктивность растений салата в контроле, вероятно, связана с увеличением поступления воды в ткани листьев на фоне отсутствия дополнительного минерального и/или органического питания. Содержание тяжелых металлов и нитратов не превышало ПДК во всех вариантах. Все ТАП с нанесением суспензий различного состава могут быть рекомендованы для выращивания салата в любых культивационных сооружениях в условиях интенсивной светокультуры.

Relevance. Photosynthetic seedlings, as a model object, are interesting both in the study of nutritional value and the species response of a plant organism to the cultivation.Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the laboratory analytical department of the FSBSI FSVC. The material of the research was sprouts of Brassica chinensis L., cv. Vesnyanka; Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenck, cv. Tonus; Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala DC., cv. Malinovka; Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L., hybrid F1 Sonata and cv. Venskaya Belaya 1350; Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. rubra (L.) Thell., cv. Gako 741. The seeds of the 2018 harvest were germinated in filter paper cassettes using distilled water. The cassettes with seeds were placed in a thermostat under constant illumination and a temperature of 25°C. They have been germinated for 8 days, after which a biochemical analysis of the samples was carried out.Results. It was found out that the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in the studied of cabbage crops was in the range of concentrations from 3.58-4.57 mg-eq HA/g (wet weight). According to this indicator of 8-day-old seedlings, red cabbage variety Gako 741 was distinguished by the maximum values. The total content of antioxidants in the alcoholic extract ranged from 21.24 to 28.23 mg-eq HA/g (dry weight). The content of polyphenols – in the concentration range of 16.39-24.94 mg-eq of HA/g (dry weight). As a result of the research, direct correlations of the studied characteristics were revealed. A high correlation was shown between the content of water-soluble antioxidants and dry matter (r=0.72...0.98) and between the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls (r=0.98...0. 99).

The study was carried out on the basis of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing. The material of the research was sprouts of Brassica chinensis L., cv. Vesnyanka; Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenck, cv. Tonus; Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala DC., cv. Malinovka; Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L., hybrid F1 Sonata and cv. Venskaya Belaya 1350; Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. rubra (L.) Thell., cv. Gako 741. The seeds of the 2018 harvest were germinated in filter paper cassettes using distilled water. The cassettes with seeds were placed in a thermostat where they were germinated for 8 days under constant illumination and a temperature of 25 deg. C, after which a biochemical analysis of the samples was carried out. It was found out that the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in the studied of cabbage crops was in the range of concentrations from 3.58-4.57 mg-eq HA/g (wet weight). According to this indicator of 8-day-old seedlings, red cabbage variety Gako 741 was distinguished by the maximum values. The total content of antioxidants in the alcoholic extract ranged from 21.24 to 28.23 mg-eq HA/g (dry weight). The content of polyphenols was in the concentration range of 16.39-24.94 mg-eq of HA/g (dry weight). As a result of the research, high direct correlations between the content of water-soluble antioxidants and dry matter were revealed (r=0.72-0.98) and between the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls (r=0.98-0. 99). As to the high content of polyphenols and sum of antioxidants in sprouts the samples of decorative cabbage (Malinovka), kohlrabi (hybrid F1 Sonata) and red cabbage (Gako) were distinguished. | Исследование проводили на базе Федерального научного центра овощеводства. Материалом служили проростки капусты китайской (Brassica chinensis L.) – сорт Веснянка; капусты брокколи (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenck) – сорт Тонус; капусты декоративной (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala DC.) – сорт Малиновка; капусты кольраби (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) – гибрид F1 Соната и сорт Венская белая 1350; капусты краснокочанной (Brassica oleracea L. convar. Capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. rubra (L.) Thell.) – сорт Гако 741. Семена урожая 2018 г. проращивали в кассетах на фильтровальной бумаге, используя дистиллированную воду. Кассеты с семенами помещали в термостат, где проращивали в течение 8 сут при постоянном освещении и температуре 25 град. С, после чего проводили биохимический анализ проростков. Суммарное содержание водорастворимых антиоксидантов в исследованных проростках капустных культур находилось в пределах концентраций от 3,58-4,57 мг-экв ГК/г (сырой массы). По этому показателю у 8-суточных проростков максимальными значениями выделялась капуста краснокочанная. Суммарное содержание антиоксидантов в спиртовом экстракте составило от 21,24 до 28,23 мг-экв ГК/г (cухой массы), содержание полифенолов – в пределах 16,39-24,94 мг-экв ГК/г (сухой массы). В результате исследований выявлены высокие прямые корреляционные связи между содержанием водорастворимых антиоксидантов и сухого вещества (r=0,72…0,98) и между содержанием каротиноидов и хлорофиллов (r=0,98…0,99). По высокому содержанию полифенолов и суммы антиоксидантов в проростках выделились образцы капусты декоративной (сорт Малиновка), кольраби (гибрид F1 Соната) и капусты краснокочанной (сорт Гако 741).

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Federal Scientific Vegetable Center' (FSBSI FSVC) is the leader in the field of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to both abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases are carried out, as well as plant pest and disease control methods are developed. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. The environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds having adaptogenic properties are developed. A new research direction in the center is the creation of vegetable crop varieties having increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The keeping quality of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots depending on the biochemical composition has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. The technologies for the cultivation and seed production of new varieties and hybrids are created. There were established the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocoenoses (crop rotation; tillage, fertilizer application and plant protection systems). In general, all work of the FSBSI FSVC is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation. | Федеральное государственное бюджетной научное учреждение 'Федеральный научный центр овощеводства' (ФГБНУ ФНЦО) – лидер в области селекции и семеноводства овощных культур. Основная цель селекционно-семеноводческой работы этой организации – создание и размножение сортов и гибридов овощебахчевых культур нового поколения, отличающихся устойчивостью к абиотическим и биотическим стрессорам, высокой продуктивностью и качеством продукции. Успехи достигнуты в создании гомозиготных линий капусты, кабачка, огурца, моркови. Впервые удалось завершить полный цикл получения удвоенных гаплоидов редиса в культуре микроспор in vitrо. Ведутся иммунологические исследования устойчивости культур и новых сортов к заболеваниям, разрабатываются методы защиты растений от вредителей и болезней. Ежегодно проводится фитосанитарный мониторинг, оценка и отбор устойчивых генотипов. Идет разработка экологически безопасных средств на основе препаратов, полученных из растений с высоким содержанием биологически активных соединений-адаптогенов. Новое направление исследований – создание сортов овощных растений с повышенным содержанием биологически активных веществ и антиоксидантов, для производства продуктов функционального назначения. Изучается хранимоспособность современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой в зависимости от биохимического состава. Разрабатываются способы обогащения овощных культур микронутриентами. Создаются технологии возделывания и семеноводства новых сортов и гибридов. На филиалах ФГБНУ ФНЦО, расположенных в различных почвенно-климатических условиях, заложены стационары по изучению взаимодействия факторов управления плодородием почв и продуктивностью овощных культур в агроценозах (севооборот, системы обработки почв, удобрений и защиты растений). В целом, исследования ФГБНУ ФНЦО направлены на разработку и усовершенствование приемов в селекции и семеноводстве овощных культур, создание новых селекционных достижений и разработку сортовых технологий их возделывания.