Lake Nokoué-lagoon of Porto-Novo complex, as a surface water body, is exposed to heavy pollution whose intensity varies across seasons. The present study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium levels by Sarotherodon melanotheron fish, one of the most populated fish in this complex. To this end, fish (muscle, gills, female gonads), water, and sediment were sampled during high-water and low-water. Lead and cadmium were quantified from different samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk associated with fish consumption was estimated. In the water samples, lead concentration was higher during high water (0.106 ± 0.116 mg.L-1), and cadmium was higher during low water (0,010 ± 0,001 mg.L-1). In the sediment samples, lead was higher during high water (13.94 ± 20.79 mg.kg-1), cadmium was higher during low water (0,2 ± 0,06 mg.kg-1). On the other hand, high concentrations of lead and cadmium in fish were found during low water, respectively 27.66 mg.kg-1 and 0.22 mg.kg-1 in the muscle. Cadmium accumulation in fish is influenced by dissolved oxygen and the pH of the water. Consumption of 400 g of Sarotherodon melanotheron fish from this complex per week constitutes a health risk for anyone weighing between 0 and 90 kg.

India has experienced periodic famines and droughts that have necessitated food imports. In 1950, the nation was experiencing a shortage of food grains due to the rapidly expanding population, which was placing increasing strain on the agricultural sector. The Green Revolution has contributed to a greater sense of self-assurance in our ability to produce food grains and maintain a balance between population growth and agricultural output. The output of rice and wheat, two important crops, has increased significantly as a result of the Green Revolution, which is its most notable achievement. The first Green Revolution had both positive and negative impacts on society and the environment. Despite the enormous amount of agricultural output, there are concerns regarding the nation’s level of food security. Emerging countries, such as India, have experienced gains in food production worldwide. Several notable negative repercussions of the Green Revolution emerged in the years that followed. Before the Green Revolution, its benefits and drawbacks were not the subject of any independent research. Following the Green Revolution, government activities caused the output of wheat and rice to quadruple, while local rice types and millets experienced a decline in productivity. Consequently, several local crops have perished and are no longer cultivated.

This study investigates the dynamics of environmental transformation in the southeastern basins of Madre de Dios, Peru, by integrating multi-spectral remote sensing data with advanced machine learning methodologies. To capture and quantify land surface changes over time, satellite imagery from Landsat and Sentinel missions was utilized to derive key spectral indices—specifically, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). These indices provided critical insights into vegetation health and surface water distribution. To manage the high dimensionality of the spectral data, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied, enabling more efficient data interpretation and visualization. Subsequently, unsupervised K-means clustering was employed to classify land cover types and detect spatial patterns of change without prior labeling. The analysis revealed a significant decline in dense vegetative cover, accompanied by a notable expansion of bare soil and surface water areas. These findings point to accelerating environmental degradation in the region, likely driven by both natural and anthropogenic pressures. The methodological framework adopted in this study demonstrates strong potential for scalable, data-driven environmental monitoring and offers a replicable model for assessing land cover dynamics in other ecologically sensitive regions.

This study addresses Sustainable Development Goal 12, the management of materials that harm society and the environment. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) of the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is are primary requirement for comprehensive monitoring and disposal of electronic waste. In Zamboanga City, Philippines, the collected waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) for 2022 was analyzed and interpreted. The analysis is divided into four primary stages: recycling, disposal, reuse/resell, and storage. According to the findings, 20.02 tons of WEEE were produced, of which 8.01 tons were held, 5.01 tons were recycled or resold, 4.00 tons were reused, and 3.00 tons were disposed of. The composition study of a few chosen WEEE components, such as CPUs, monitors, and printers, reveals significant amounts of recoverable elements, such as iron, aluminum, copper, polymers, and circuit boards. Three types of devices had the highest material recovery efficiency: CPUs (97.607%), displays (91.853%), and printers (98.796%). The study highlights the hazards that informal WEEE processing poses to the environment and public health. It also advocates for regulation and the formal integration of informal sector operations into the WEEE management system. The suggestions include raising public awareness, investing in recycling infrastructure, and enhancing data collection. The study concludes that a comprehensive WEEE management plan supported by robust regulatory frameworks and investments in formal recycling facilities is necessary to balance Zamboanga City’s economic interests, public health, and environmental protection.

This study explores the potential of arugula (Eruca sativa) as a novel source of peroxidase enzymes for the bioremediation of wastewater containing benzenediol (BZOL) pollutants. The peroxidase was extracted and partially purified from arugula leaves, and its catalytic efficacy was evaluated in the enzymatic degradation of two representative BZOL compounds, resorcinol and catechol. Crude arugula peroxidase (AP) demonstrated significant activity under mild reaction conditions, with optimal pH values identified as 6.1 for resorcinol and 5.7 for catechol removal. Remarkably, near-complete elimination (up to 95%) of both compounds was achieved using minimal reagent concentrations: 0.15% hydrogen peroxide and 0.072 U·mL⁻¹ enzyme activity over a 3-hour reaction period. Kinetic analyses revealed that the degradation process adhered to pseudo-first-order kinetics, with catechol exhibiting a faster reaction rate compared to resorcinol. These results underscore the efficiency and eco-compatibility of arugula-derived peroxidase as a low-cost, plant-based catalyst for the treatment of aromatic pollutants in wastewater. The findings hold promise for scalable, sustainable bioremediation strategies in environmental engineering.

Expanded polystyrene (EPS), known as Thermocol, is a significant environmental concern due to its non-biodegradability and improper disposal, contributing to plastic pollution. Conventional recycling methods are often ineffective, needing a sustainable approach to convert this waste into valuable hydrocarbons. Catalytic pyrolysis offers a promising solution by breaking down waste thermocol into liquid fuels, reducing plastic accumulation while creating alternative energy sources. This study employs a biogas-fired reactor, an ecofriendly heating system, to enhance catalytic pyrolysis using Rice Husk Ash Catalyst (RHC) and Zeolite Catalyst (ZeC). A dual air and water-cooled condenser efficiently separated low and high-boiling hydrocarbons. As the high boiling hydrocarbon yield in liquid formation is higher so it was analyzed. The waste thermocol oil (WTCO) was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and elemental analysis to determine its chemical composition and physical properties. The important innovation lies in employing a biogas-fired reactor, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting green energy utilization. RHC reduced the degradation temperature and processing duration, achieving a higher oil yield of 76% with no carbon residue. This in turn produces balanced hydrocarbons like pentane, benzene, and toluene, which predominantly contain higher aliphatic hydrocarbons. In contrast, ZeC enhanced higher cracking activity, generating a higher gas yield of 51% rather than oil yield, and predominantly contains higher aromatic hydrocarbons. WTCO derived from both catalysts exhibited similar properties to diesel, such as high calorific value and optimal density. These findings highlight that catalyst selection enables tailored hydrocarbon production from waste thermocol, advancing sustainable waste management, pollution control, and green fuel development, aligning with global environmental conservation efforts.

This study developed a multifunctional and movable solar PV system with a capacity of 3.3 kWp for on-grid and off-grid applications. The main objective of this study is to reduce diesel consumption in the agricultural water irrigation process, as most farmers depend on diesel-sourced water pumping systems. The agricultural lands in Thailand are widely remote, and electricity access is comparatively low. On the other hand, implementing the solar PV systems for agricultural water pumping is not cost-effective for farmers, as the water pumping requirements are not adequate. Considering the investment cost of the solar water pumping application, a movable solar PV system is designed to operate in on-grid and off-grid conditions. During the on-grid operation, the solar PV system-generated electrical energies are fed to the local grid whenever water pumping is required for farming, the movable solar PV system is detached from the grid and moved to the farming land, where it performs off-grid operation. It is found that a multifunctional solar PV system generates 12.4 kWh, which is fed to the local grid, and during the off-grid operation, the solar PV system generates 9.84 kWh of electrical energy, which yields 236412.97 liters of water. The multifunctional solar PV system significantly reduces 2.68 kg of CO2 and is cost-effective for farmers with environmental benefits.

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects pose a significant environmental challenge in contemporary urban planning, driven by accelerating climate change, rapid urban development, and changes in land use patterns. This study explores the potential of urban greenery as a mitigation strategy for UHI by conducting a systematic and bibliometric review of 42 peerreviewed studies, selected using the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A mixed methods approach was employed, integrating a systematic review with a critical content synthesis of selected studies using PRISMA 2020 and bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer (1.6.19). The results indicate that urban greenery, encompassing green roofs, vegetated facades, urban forests, and street trees, plays a critical role in mitigating surface and air temperatures by enhancing evapotranspiration, increasing surface reflectivity (albedo), providing shading, and improving urban ventilation dynamics. Widely used indicators in these studies include Land Surface Temperature, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and canopy coverage. The bibliometric analysis reveals exponential growth in related publications between 2014 and 2024, is an R2 = 0.8263, along with emerging thematic clusters centered on thermal comfort modeling, nature-based solutions, and urban climate resilience. China, Australia, and the United States account for the majority of contributions, while tropical and lower-income regions remain underrepresented. The findings highlight critical thematic and geographic gaps, emphasizing the need for future research incorporating empirical validation, field experimentation, and integrative modeling to advance equitable and context-sensitive UHI mitigation strategies.

This study investigates the relationship between green marketing practices and the sustainability performance of manufacturing firms in emerging markets. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 270 respondents, and the analysis was conducted using Smart PLS-SEM (version 4). The results demonstrate a significant positive relationship between green internal marketing and the overall sustainability performance of the firms. Specifically, green marketing communication was found to positively influence both environmental and social performance, although it did not have a significant effect on financial performance. Likewise, the adoption of green products substantially improved environmental performance but did not significantly impact financial or social performance. Additionally, the study supports a positive association between green strategy implementation and sustainability performance. These findings underscore the critical role of integrating green marketing practices into sustainability initiatives. The research provides valuable insights for managers and policymakers, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to green marketing to enhance environmental and social outcomes, even if financial benefits are not immediately apparent. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable business practices and offers practical implications for achieving long-term sustainability in manufacturing firms.

Noble metal decorated metal oxide composites have proved to have Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as a notable approach for efficient light absorption. Herein present work, a new sonochemical method is proposed for in-situ synthesis of noble metal-based CeO2 composites for the sonophotocatalytic degradation of commercial Acephate solution. Pristine CeO2 and Ag@CeO2 with different Ag contents viz. 4, 6 and 8 wt. % were successfully synthesized by a facile in-situ sonochemical approach. The as-synthesized CeO2 and Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites were characterized by various physicochemical characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, BET, and FESEM-EDS. Further, these CeO2 and Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites were employed for photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic degradation of commercial Acephate solution. Experimental results revealed that the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes follow a pseudo-first-order model, whereas the sonophotocatalytic process had a more substantial rate constant compared to the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic one. Further, the kinetics of the study were examined by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Overall, the sonophotocatalytic degradation involving as-synthesized Ag@CeO2 with 6 wt. % Ag content has shown to be the most effective method for the effective degradation of a commercial acephate solution.