BACKGROUND: Fracture healing is one of the important issues in medicine and veterinary. Therefore, finding new tech-niques with fewer side effects and faster healing is taken into consideration. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the composites of micro ostrich eggshell (μ-OES) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite on the healing of bone defect in rat calvarium. METHODS: Defects of 7 mm were made by a trephine in the calvaria of 45 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three groups and the defects in each group were filled with micro-composites that contained ostrich eggshell or HA or were left empty. The animals were euthanized at three different time points of 14, 28, and 42 days post-operation. Histological and serological assessments, such as measuring alkaline phosphatase were carried out at the same time points. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the granulation tissue formation of the treatment and control groups 14 days post-operation (p ≤0.05). The difference between μ-OES and HA treatment groups was not statistically significant (p >0.05). On days 28 and 42, there were no significant differences between the groups. However, in the center of the defect, the mean of healing in the μOES group was higher than the two other groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of this study indicated the potential efficacy of μOES as a bone substitute in a rat calvarial defect model

BACKGROUND: Fracture healing is one of the important issues in medicine and veterinary. Therefore, finding new tech-niques with fewer side effects and faster healing is taken into consideration. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the composites of micro ostrich eggshell (μ-OES) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite on the healing of bone defect in rat calvarium. METHODS: Defects of 7 mm were made by a trephine in the calvaria of 45 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three groups and the defects in each group were filled with micro-composites that contained ostrich eggshell or HA or were left empty. The animals were euthanized at three different time points of 14, 28, and 42 days post-operation. Histological and serological assessments, such as measuring alkaline phosphatase were carried out at the same time points. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the granulation tissue formation of the treatment and control groups 14 days post-operation (p ≤0.05). The difference between μ-OES and HA treatment groups was not statistically significant (p >0.05). On days 28 and 42, there were no significant differences between the groups. However, in the center of the defect, the mean of healing in the μOES group was higher than the two other groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of this study indicated the potential efficacy of μOES as a bone substitute in a rat calvarial defect model

Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm in which the neoplastic cells produce chondroid and varying amounts of matrix. This tumor is the second most common primary skeletal tumor in animals. In our case, radio-logical and histopathological findings supported the final diagnosis of chondrosarcoma in a six-year-old male cat weighing 6.3 kg with a large and solitary mass in the right humerus. The shoulder joint had a limited range of motion. Radiographs were obtained from the raised growth. The mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the mass was composed of bundles and nests of neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Histo-pathologically, multiple-sized lacunae within a homogenous cartilage matrix were observed. There was marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Neoplastic chondrocytes and oval cells with 1 to 3 nucleoli were seen. Based on the macroscopic, radiological, and cartilaginous differentiation of tumor cells and matrix, the mass was diagnosed as well-differentiated chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm in which the neoplastic cells produce chondroid and varying amounts of matrix. This tumor is the second most common primary skeletal tumor in animals. In our case, radio-logical and histopathological findings supported the final diagnosis of chondrosarcoma in a six-year-old male cat weighing 6.3 kg with a large and solitary mass in the right humerus. The shoulder joint had a limited range of motion. Radiographs were obtained from the raised growth. The mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the mass was composed of bundles and nests of neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Histo-pathologically, multiple-sized lacunae within a homogenous cartilage matrix were observed. There was marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Neoplastic chondrocytes and oval cells with 1 to 3 nucleoli were seen. Based on the macroscopic, radiological, and cartilaginous differentiation of tumor cells and matrix, the mass was diagnosed as well-differentiated chondrosarcoma

Dermatofibroma is a common skin benign cutaneous tumor with many variants based on alterations in the morphology and composition of its diverse elements. The cause of dermatofibroma is unknown, it was his- torically attributed to being a reactive response to some traumatic lesion to the skin which is associated with itching and pain. This tumor usually appears on the limbs, especially the end extremities, in young adults. In the present study, a middle-aged Persian leopard was accidentally killed because of a car incident in the Golestan National Park, Iran. Following necropsy, skin mass on the right toe was observed and after sam- pling was transferred to the laboratory. After routine histopathological and immunohistochemical processes, Dermatofibroma was diagnosed microscopically with non-capsulated, circumscribed, hypocellular dermal nodule in a spiral pattern. According to the results of this study immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for CD34. There is limited information about the Dermatofibroma in leopards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Dermatofibroma in the Persian leopard.

Dermatofibroma is a common skin benign cutaneous tumor with many variants based on alterations in the morphology and composition of its diverse elements. The cause of dermatofibroma is unknown, it was his- torically attributed to being a reactive response to some traumatic lesion to the skin which is associated with itching and pain. This tumor usually appears on the limbs, especially the end extremities, in young adults. In the present study, a middle-aged Persian leopard was accidentally killed because of a car incident in the Golestan National Park, Iran. Following necropsy, skin mass on the right toe was observed and after sam- pling was transferred to the laboratory. After routine histopathological and immunohistochemical processes, Dermatofibroma was diagnosed microscopically with non-capsulated, circumscribed, hypocellular dermal nodule in a spiral pattern. According to the results of this study immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for CD34. There is limited information about the Dermatofibroma in leopards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Dermatofibroma in the Persian leopard.

BACKGROUND: Stem cells have great effects in clinical cell-based therapy. Accordingly, controlling the behavior and directing the fate of stem cells cultured in the laboratory is an important issue. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenic properties of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) which differentiated toward osteogenic linage by osteoblast-imprinted substrate. METHODS: Rat ADSCs seeded on osteoblast-imprinted substrates, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in cellular supernatant of days 7 and 14. Alizarin Red staining of mineral matrix production in day 17 was performed. In order for in vivo evaluation, after seeding differentiated cells on a simple collagen scaffold, samples were implanted in an 8mm critical size calvarial defect. After 4 weeks defect site was harvested and prepared for histopathological examination. RESULTS: ALP in both time points was significantly more than in undifferentiated ADSCs. (p<0.05). Alizarin red staining of differentiated cells showed a great production of mineral matrix nodules in cell culture plate. Histopathological investigations revealed greater amount of new bone formation and mostly in the center of defect, indicate osteoinductive effect of differentiated cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: The osteoblast-imprinted substrate can mimic the topography and shape of natural osteoblast, which can mechanically direct ADSCs toward osteogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Stem cells have great effects in clinical cell-based therapy. Accordingly, controlling the behavior and directing the fate of stem cells cultured in the laboratory is an important issue. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenic properties of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) which differentiated toward osteogenic linage by osteoblast-imprinted substrate. METHODS: Rat ADSCs seeded on osteoblast-imprinted substrates, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in cellular supernatant of days 7 and 14. Alizarin Red staining of mineral matrix production in day 17 was performed. In order for in vivo evaluation, after seeding differentiated cells on a simple collagen scaffold, samples were implanted in an 8mm critical size calvarial defect. After 4 weeks defect site was harvested and prepared for histopathological examination. RESULTS: ALP in both time points was significantly more than in undifferentiated ADSCs. (p<0.05). Alizarin red staining of differentiated cells showed a great production of mineral matrix nodules in cell culture plate. Histopathological investigations revealed greater amount of new bone formation and mostly in the center of defect, indicate osteoinductive effect of differentiated cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: The osteoblast-imprinted substrate can mimic the topography and shape of natural osteoblast, which can mechanically direct ADSCs toward osteogenesis.

Background:Liver lesions in cattle not only have negative effects on the cattle breedingindustry, but also lead to loss of animal protein production, and in particularto endanger the consumers’ health. OBJECTIVES:This study was carried out to examine the macroscopic and histopathologiclesions of liver in slaughtered cattle of Zabol City. METHODS:Livers of 281 cattle slaughtered at the industrial slaughterhouse of Zabol Citywere collected from March to September 2015 for gross and microscopicinvestigation. Tissue processing was conducted from specimens inspected totissue lesions with routine protocol and histopathological changes of liverswere examined under light microscopy. RESULTS:Macroscopic investigation of 281 cases showed 90 livers (32.02%) with gross lesions.In histopathological examination, there were 83 cases (29.53%) withhydatidosis, 3 cases (1.07%) with fasciolosis, 2 cases (0.71%) withperihepatitis and 2 cases (0.71%) with lipidosis.                                                                              CONCLUSIONS:Based on the results of this study, the most frequent liver lesion in cattleslaughtered in Zabol City was hydatidosis indicating the active life cycle of Echinococcusguanulosus and the outbreak of this parasitic disease in dogs and othercarnivores in Sistan region

Background:Liver lesions in cattle not only have negative effects on the cattle breedingindustry, but also lead to loss of animal protein production, and in particularto endanger the consumers’ health. OBJECTIVES:This study was carried out to examine the macroscopic and histopathologiclesions of liver in slaughtered cattle of Zabol City. METHODS:Livers of 281 cattle slaughtered at the industrial slaughterhouse of Zabol Citywere collected from March to September 2015 for gross and microscopicinvestigation. Tissue processing was conducted from specimens inspected totissue lesions with routine protocol and histopathological changes of liverswere examined under light microscopy. RESULTS:Macroscopic investigation of 281 cases showed 90 livers (32.02%) with gross lesions.In histopathological examination, there were 83 cases (29.53%) withhydatidosis, 3 cases (1.07%) with fasciolosis, 2 cases (0.71%) withperihepatitis and 2 cases (0.71%) with lipidosis.                                                                              CONCLUSIONS:Based on the results of this study, the most frequent liver lesion in cattleslaughtered in Zabol City was hydatidosis indicating the active life cycle of Echinococcusguanulosus and the outbreak of this parasitic disease in dogs and othercarnivores in Sistan region

BACKGROUND: Considering widely administration of methylphenidate and also its immunosuppressive effects on different organs, importance of related microscopic studies is obvious. OBJECTIVES: Determining histological effects of methylphenidate on adrenal glands and lymphatic organs in mice. METHODS: A total number of 30 adult male Balb/C mice were provided, weighed and divided into one control and two experimental groups. The control group received water by gavages once a day, for 40 days. The experimental groups were orally administered MPH hydrochloride (2mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight,) respectively. Animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of blood cells. Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and adrenal glands were removed and processed for microscopic studies through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Spleen samples were processed for plasma cell count and staining (label antibody CD138*). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and p

BACKGROUND: Considering widely administration of methylphenidate and also its immunosuppressive effects on different organs, importance of related microscopic studies is obvious. OBJECTIVES: Determining histological effects of methylphenidate on adrenal glands and lymphatic organs in mice. METHODS: A total number of 30 adult male Balb/C mice were provided, weighed and divided into one control and two experimental groups. The control group received water by gavages once a day, for 40 days. The experimental groups were orally administered MPH hydrochloride (2mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight,) respectively. Animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of blood cells. Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and adrenal glands were removed and processed for microscopic studies through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Spleen samples were processed for plasma cell count and staining (label antibody CD138*). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and p