Background:Liver lesions in cattle not only have negative effects on the cattle breedingindustry, but also lead to loss of animal protein production, and in particularto endanger the consumers’ health. OBJECTIVES:This study was carried out to examine the macroscopic and histopathologiclesions of liver in slaughtered cattle of Zabol City. METHODS:Livers of 281 cattle slaughtered at the industrial slaughterhouse of Zabol Citywere collected from March to September 2015 for gross and microscopicinvestigation. Tissue processing was conducted from specimens inspected totissue lesions with routine protocol and histopathological changes of liverswere examined under light microscopy. RESULTS:Macroscopic investigation of 281 cases showed 90 livers (32.02%) with gross lesions.In histopathological examination, there were 83 cases (29.53%) withhydatidosis, 3 cases (1.07%) with fasciolosis, 2 cases (0.71%) withperihepatitis and 2 cases (0.71%) with lipidosis.                                                                              CONCLUSIONS:Based on the results of this study, the most frequent liver lesion in cattleslaughtered in Zabol City was hydatidosis indicating the active life cycle of Echinococcusguanulosus and the outbreak of this parasitic disease in dogs and othercarnivores in Sistan region

BACKGROUND: Considering widely administration of methylphenidate and also its immunosuppressive effects on different organs, importance of related microscopic studies is obvious. OBJECTIVES: Determining histological effects of methylphenidate on adrenal glands and lymphatic organs in mice. METHODS: A total number of 30 adult male Balb/C mice were provided, weighed and divided into one control and two experimental groups. The control group received water by gavages once a day, for 40 days. The experimental groups were orally administered MPH hydrochloride (2mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight,) respectively. Animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis of blood cells. Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and adrenal glands were removed and processed for microscopic studies through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Spleen samples were processed for plasma cell count and staining (label antibody CD138*). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and p

Background: Xanthogranuloma (xanthoma) presents as a rare, non-infectious granulomatous lesion with a yellowish and soft appearance. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia are believed to be the underlying causes of this lesion. Xanthoma has been identified in vertebrates and humans. Objectives: This report presents a case of cutaneous xanthogranuloma located in the tibiotarsal region of a 5-year-old rose-breasted cockatoo (Eolophus roseicapilla) fed with high-fat diets. Methods: The cockatoo underwent anesthesia using isoflurane administered through a face mask connected to an Ohmeda anesthesia machine. The mass was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and representative sections were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, frozen sections were obtained and stained with the Oil Red O technique.Results: Upon histopathologic examination of routine H&E slides, vacuolated macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells were noted in addition to cholesterol clefts and heterophilic infiltrates. Oil Red O staining was performed to detect intracellular and extracellular lipid content. Xanthogranulomas invaded the surrounding tissues, necessitating complete surgical excision. The lesion did not recur during the 1-month follow-up, but the patient died due to respiratory disorders. Conclusion: Stress and high-lipid feed consumption were considered the predisposing factors to xanthogranuloma development in this bird.

Background: Septic arthritis affects ruminant welfare because, if left untreated, it can cause chronic pain and limit the mobility of affected joints.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological changes in arthritic bovine calves. Methods: The study was conducted on 12 calves with swollen knees or carpal joints. All calves were evaluated through clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic examination. Peripheral blood was aspirated from each to assess hematobiochemical changes. Synovial fluid and infected swab samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis, and a synovial biopsy was taken for histological examination. Results: Ultrasound revealed inflammatory effusions with various echogenicity in the afflicted joint capsule, while radiography showed remarkable swelling of joints and surrounding structures and the development of new bone. Regarding hematological variables, the value of total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate significantly (P<0.05) increased in septic arthritic calves compared to healthy calves. In the arthritis group, the serum concentration of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase was considerably (P<0.05) higher than in healthy calves. The total protein and urea values were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in calves with infected arthritis. From the synovial fluid and purulent discharge of the joints, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated. Histopathology of synovial tissue revealed chronic suppurative inflammation with intense hyperplasia of joint synovium.Conclusion: The results of this study may aid veterinarians in effectively diagnosing and treating septic arthritis in calves.

Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm in which the neoplastic cells produce chondroid and varying amounts of matrix. This tumor is the second most common primary skeletal tumor in animals. In our case, radio-logical and histopathological findings supported the final diagnosis of chondrosarcoma in a six-year-old male cat weighing 6.3 kg with a large and solitary mass in the right humerus. The shoulder joint had a limited range of motion. Radiographs were obtained from the raised growth. The mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the mass was composed of bundles and nests of neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Histo-pathologically, multiple-sized lacunae within a homogenous cartilage matrix were observed. There was marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Neoplastic chondrocytes and oval cells with 1 to 3 nucleoli were seen. Based on the macroscopic, radiological, and cartilaginous differentiation of tumor cells and matrix, the mass was diagnosed as well-differentiated chondrosarcoma

Dermatofibroma is a common skin benign cutaneous tumor with many variants based on alterations in the morphology and composition of its diverse elements. The cause of dermatofibroma is unknown, it was his- torically attributed to being a reactive response to some traumatic lesion to the skin which is associated with itching and pain. This tumor usually appears on the limbs, especially the end extremities, in young adults. In the present study, a middle-aged Persian leopard was accidentally killed because of a car incident in the Golestan National Park, Iran. Following necropsy, skin mass on the right toe was observed and after sam- pling was transferred to the laboratory. After routine histopathological and immunohistochemical processes, Dermatofibroma was diagnosed microscopically with non-capsulated, circumscribed, hypocellular dermal nodule in a spiral pattern. According to the results of this study immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for CD34. There is limited information about the Dermatofibroma in leopards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Dermatofibroma in the Persian leopard.

BACKGROUNDS: Diseases affecting the respiratory tract of sheep and goats are one of the most important factors which limit production of these species on a world-wide basis. OBJECTIVES: The main goal of this study was to determine Adenovirus (AdV) antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue of pneumonic goats, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining method. METHODS: For this purpose, the lungs of 402 goats, which were raised in various farms in the Garmsar district and surrounding areas and were brought to the local abattoir for slaughtering between April and September 2016, were examined. RESULTS: Macroscopic pneumonia findings were detected in different lobes particularly in the apical and cardiac lobes of the lungs of 26 goats (%6.46). The rates of mild, moderate and severe consolidations observed in the pneumonic lungs were 59.8%, 26.3% and 11.6%, respectively. Pneumonias were microscopically classified in goats as interstitial pneumonia (n=15) (57.69%), suppurative bronchopneumonia (n=4) (15.38%), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (n=3) (11.53%), and parasitic pneumonia (n=4) (15.38%). A total of 22 pneumonic lungs, excluding parasitic pneumonia, examination with immunohistochemistry (IH) in terms of AdV antigen, were considered. AdV antigen was determined to be (13.63 %) (n=3) by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the presence of viral antigen in lung tissues of goats may indicate that natural pneumonia may be induced by AdV or possibly other species-specific AdVs. Moreover, it is suggested that AdV might have a role in predisposing this species to secondary bacterial infections.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a tumor consisting of squamous epithelial cells. This tumor is relatively uncommon in goats. In this report, we discuss clinical, gross and histopathological features of SCC in six goats. The goats were referred to the veterinary clinic with a progressive ulcerative and hemorrhagic mass located in the perineal area. The vital signs (temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate) were normal. Biopsy specimens were taken and histopathological examinations were done. The tumor cells were large and had an abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, ovoid nuclei with a prominent nucleolus. Keratin tonofibers and keratin pearls were also seen. The mitotic figures were moderate. The mass was found to be a moderately differentiated SCC. Ulceration with infiltration of neutrophils was observed on the surface of the tumors. The SCC tumors are uncommon in goats and have multi-factorial etiology. Age, ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, lack of epidermis pigmentation, and viruses may be involved in the presence of SCC.

Background: Cell therapy is applied in tendonitis to speed the healing process of tendon tissue and restore its functional properties. Almost all types of stem cells can differentiate from the recipient cells after transplantation.Objectives: The main goal of this study is to compare the effects of two sources of mesenchymal stem cells on tendon regeneration.Methods: This study randomly divided 32 New Zealand rabbits into 4 groups. The bacterial collagenase was induced at the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of all rabbits, and the treatment was performed 48 hours after collagenase induction. Group 1 was treated with allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Group 2 was treated with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from the patellar ligament fat pad. Group 3 (sham group) was treated with 0.9% normal saline, and group 4 (control group) was left with no treatment. All rabbits were euthanized 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, and tendon samples were harvested. The histopathology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and Vangieson’s dye, and tendon structure, fiber arrangement, cell nuclei, tissue inflammation, vascularity (angiogenesis), and density were surveyed.Results: The tendon healing process in the BMMSC and ADSC groups revealed better regeneration than the control and sham groups (P≤0.05). Significant changes (P≤0.05) in some microscopic parameters were seen by comparing the BMMSC and ADSC groups.Conclusion: According to the present study, the injection of mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs or ADSCs) showed beneficial results in tendon tissue healing. Furthermore, ADSCs showed better regeneration of the injured tendon tissue than BMMSCs.

Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is a tiny colorful parrot and one of the most popular pets worldwide. This study was performed on a 5-year-old male budgerigar with a large and fluid-filled mass in the anterior part of the neck. Fine needle aspiration was accomplished to determine tumor origin, and the tumor content was cultured on blood and MacConkey agars (aerobic and anaerobic conditions). Besides, tumor ultrasonography and whole-body radiographs were done in the lateral and ventrodorsal positions. Finally, the tumor was removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H &amp; E). The radiology and ultrasonography results showed that the tumor (5.2×4×3.7 cm) had a homogenous structure filled with echogenic fluid content. The tumor content culture revealed no bacterial growth. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of cystic spaces with invagination of the lining epithelial cells, forming intraluminal papillae. The tumor was diagnosed as a papillary cystadenocarcinoma.