The use of genetic methods seems to have briefly pushed back the use of culture methods. Currently, a new technique developed based on the latter – culturomics, enables the discovery and study of expanded bacterial diversity using a large number of culture conditions and media. This study aims to investigate the influence of heat shock on the qualitative and quantitative content of cultivable gut bacteria of Lehmann Brown chickens from the “Arax” chicken factory.The chickens (5 months old, weighing 1.4-1.7 kg) of the “Arax” poultry factory in Armenia were transferred to a sterilized test room with the necessary conditions. After four days of maintenance in a new environment (temperature 25 0C), fecal samples were taken from the hens. After that, the hens were kept at 35 0C for a day, followed by another sampling conducted a day later. The current investigations have emphasized that the bacterial number and diversity of hen gut microbiota undergo changes under the influence of heat stress.

Over the recent 20 years, for the first time, the disease of swine perfringens has been studied in the Aragatsotn region of RA and related epidemiological analysis has been conducted. To identify A, C, and D serological types of Cl. Perfringens and special diagnostic sera produced by the Kursk biofactory were used. It has been found that the main serological infection type of swine perfringens is C and sometimes A and D subtypes. In the pig breeding farms of the mentioned region about 6887 heads of swine (aging from 3 days to 1 year old) were registered. Per the research results, about 45 out of 72 communities were recognized as insecure/vulnerable. As to the above-stated animal number, it should be mentioned, that 1722 heads of swine fell down, whereas 5510 were considered bacteria carriers. Thus, as a result of epidemiological analysis, the morbidity (bacteria carrying rate), mortality, insecurity/vulnerability, and focality coefficients (indicators) have made 0.80 (80 %), 0.25 (25 %), 0.63 (63 %), and 122 animals, respectively.

In livestock breeding, particularly in sheep breeding, biotechnology of industrial technology plays an important role. A remarkable characteristic of technology is that it should be economically and biologically suitable. As a result, we are faced with the task of increasing grain yields and qualitative compositions of sheep. Ewes not having enough milk to feed their lambs after birth, result in malnourished lambs that grow poorly. Consequently, they become sick, and the rate of decline increases. Based on the analysis of the data, it appears that the variation in the live mass can also be attributed to ewes feeding, care, and behavior during the manger period. According to the research program, 2.5- and 5-month-old lambs were weighed. 2.5-month-old lambs had an average live weight of 17.0-20.51 kg for males and 15.10-18.13 kg for females. Compared to the live weight of newborn lambs (3.85 kg and 3.20 kg), the absolute weight gain of male and female lambs at 2.5 months was 16.66 kg and 14.93 kg, respectively. Lambs grain weight rapidly from birth to 2.5 months old (200-220 grams per day), which is typical for lambs in this age group. The data shows that lambs up to 2.5 months of age grew more rapidly than lambs 2.5-5 months of age, which was 12.69 kg and 12.09 kg, respectively, which is typical for lambs this age of multi-purpose sheep.

Drinks saturated with biologically active substances can be obtained from non-alcoholic drinks or mixed berry juices. Natural plant materials were used as a source of physiologically valuable food components: citrus, stone fruits, berries, medicinal herbs, etc. We have developed new functional drink recipes based on directly pressed grape juice and natural raw materials rich in organic acids, vitamins, minerals, and other macro-elements and micro-elements such as feijoa, and blackberry. The Armenian Khndoghn grape variety was chosen to produce juices with the first pressing. This juice has a high biological value and harmonious taste with aromatic compounds. Three drinks were prepared, each containing grape juice and blackberry juice in 80:20, 90:10, and 70:30 ratios. Based on the results, optimal parameters and methods for extracting biologically active substances from plant raw materials (by extraction) were determined, and their organoleptic and dietary properties were improved. Due to the high content of vitamins, phenolic carbonic, organic acids, macro-elements, and micro-elements, new drinks have acquired excellent sensory and functional properties, so including them in serial production is recommended.

There are many berries grown in Armenia, but raspberries are among the most popular. Several pests, the species composition of which has not yet been determined, hinder the achievement of a high-quality harvest. Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) pest species composition was monitored in Tavush marz (Ijevan community) in 2022-2023. Our research has identified and registered seventeen types of pests, of which two belong to the Acarina order of the Arachnoidae class and fourteen to the following orders of the Insecta class: Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, one in the Gastropoda order of Mollusca class. The detected pests were: Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836), Eriophyes gracilis (Nalepa, 1891), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1899), Aphis grossulariae (Kaltenbach, 1843), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Stictocephala bubalus (Kopp and Yonke, 1977), Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758), Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758), Byturus tomentosus (De Geer, 1774), Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795), Melolontha hippocastani (Fabricius, 1801), Polyphylla olivieri (Castelnau, 1840), Resselie llatheobaldi (Barnes), Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803), Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801), Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758), and Deroceras agreste (Linnaeus, 1758). Nevertheless, the most spread species were Resselie llatheobaldi (Barnes), Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803), Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795), and Byturus tomentosus (De Geer, 1774).

The increased demand for tomato products has spurred the cultivation of various varieties and hybrids. Particularly notable are the tomato hybrids whose fruits are harvested collectively in entire branches (racemes), thus earning them the name “raceme tomatoes”. The scientific studies were carried out in 2021-2023, in the glass experimental greenhouse of the Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture of the RA, Darakert, Ararat Marz, during two vegetation periods: spring and autumn. The study focused on five raceme tomato hybrids: Prodezo F1, Santiana F1, Adventure F1 by Rijk Zwaan, Climbo F1 by Syngenta, and hybrid RM-4, which was obtained by us (Known since 2023 as Syune). Prodezo F1 hybrid, which is included in the state register of Armenia, served as the control. The selection of hybrids was based on the increasing demand among the population for raceme tomatoes. According to varietal characteristics and vegetation period, the dry matter content varied from 6.14 % to 7.74 %, which was 2.88 % - 3.22 % for sugars, and 18.44 % - 22.13 % for ascorbic acid content. As a result of the study, the hybrids Adventure F1 by Rijk Zwaan and RM-4 (Syune), a locally cultivated hybrid, stood out for their quality indicators among the examined tomato hybrids, regardless of the vegetation period. These high-quality hybrids will be introduced to greenhouses of Armenia for further cultivation.

This study provides an overview of traffic control methods using automated traffic control systems (ATCS). The main approach highlighted during the analysis is the application of rigid multi-program management, including a library of coordination programs. The study also found a dependence of the period of operation of each coordination program on the state and intensity of traffic flow (TF), noting an increase in the period of stationarity with an increase in the intensity of TF. Based on the system analysis, a mathematical dependence of the control parameter on the intensity affecting the efficiency of TF management is proposed. The results obtained can be applied to optimize the operation of the automated control system and develop effective traffic management strategies.

Using serpentine, which is widespread in Armenia, we developed two new fertilizers. First fertilizer, is composed of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as amorphous silicon dioxide, and fertilizer 2, which contains a small amount of phosphorus (in the form of a mixture in the mineral), calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and amorphous silicon dioxide. Fertilizers were soluble in water and a 1 % ammonium carbonate solution. Laboratory studies have shown that fertilizers positively affect spring barley seed germination percentage, germination rate, growth, yield, and grain NPK content. The yield of spring barley increased by 28.4-33.1 % under the influence of fertilizers, which is equivalent to the efficiency of double superphosphate. However, serpentine, the most common in Armenia, can be used to obtain recommended fertilizers in a much cheaper and safer manner.

Due to a lack of protein in the human diet, dairy products made from milk proteins have increased in production. The proposed new product was made from cheese whey and curds. The main ingredients were whey proteins and pine cone extract as a natural additive. The relevance of making albumen curd with vegetable extract is scientifically and experimentally justified. Based on this study, the optimal dose of pine cone extract was determined which results in imparting a distinctive taste and aroma characteristic of pine cone, improving the chemical composition, and extending the product’s shelf life.

Buckwheat provides essential nutrients crucial for the human body’s regular functioning, however, studies have indicated that it may also contain potentially toxic elements. Therefore, this study aims to assess the health risks associated with buckwheat produced in Armenia, focusing on dietary exposure to toxic elements (lead, cadmium, and arsenic). Risk asessment was conducted using the margin of exposure (MOE) method, involving calculating daily intakes for toxic elements. The study findings suggest that the levels of toxic elements in the investigated buckwheat samples were within acceptable limits. This indicates that there is no significant health risk to consumers.

This study aims to develop technology and a recipe for a novel type of functional bakery product using an alternative sweetener. As licorice roots contain glycyrrhizin, they can be replaced with sugar. Compared to sucrose, glycyrrhizin has a sweet taste 50-100 times stronger. In addition to developing technology for a new product, it is also necessary to consider the economic efficiency and safety of the end product as well. According to the AST 36-94 and AST 37-94 normative documents in force on RA territory, porosity and moisture were determined as physicochemical indicators. A KERN analyzer was used to determine the moisture content of the finished product. The examination of cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead from safety indicators was performed according to the normative documents GOST EN 14083-2013, GOST R 51766-2001, and GOST R 53183-2008. As long as there are no risks associated with harmful effects on human life or health, food products are safe. A finished product should also be cost-effective, profitable, and economical. The safety indicators of the finished product were evaluated for their economic efficiency and compliance with the requirements of the existing normative documents. It has been proven that licorice root extract is safe to use in baking since not all sugar substitutes are safe. Despite being novel in the domestic food market, particularly the functional food market, the proposed product can stimulate the growth of bakery industry.

Scientific research was conducted from 2020 to 2022 under laboratory conditions and on cabbage plantations (plot and industrial). It has been confirmed that cabbage plantations in the Lukashin community of the Armavir region had a high population of cabbage moth caterpillars. Local bacterial cultural liquids of Bacillus thuringiensis species tested separately and in combination with sublethal doses of insecticides showed high biological effectiveness against phytophagous caterpillars of ages I-III, which does not differ significantly from the reference indicator: commercial bacterial preparation Lepidocide. According to the results of laboratory examination of the bodies of the deceased larvae, it was found out that the decomposing body tissues of the pest larvae were filled with insecticidal sporocrystalline components, which confirmed that the death of the phytophagous larvae is the result of the effect of the tested insecticides. When struggling against cabbage moth caterpillars, it is proposed to use bacterial culture fluids alone with a lethal dose of 300 million spores/ml and in combinations with their sub-lethal quantity (titer of 150 million spores/ml) with the chemical insecticide calypso (0.033 % suspension).

In comparison with other infectious diseases of dogs, parvovirus enteritis is quite common. The infection is periodically detected in animals in veterinary clinics. Observations have shown that unvaccinated puppies of 3-4 months are more often admitted to the clinic with parvovirus enteritis. In contrast to the 70 % rate indicated in the literature, the mortality rate among sick dogs reaches 50 to 93.3 %. Parvovirus enteritis can be treated with specific immune serums alongside symptomatic and pathogenetic therapies which increases the treatment efficiency up to 25 %. Additionally the combined use of immune serums and dexamethasone along with the described preparations – up to 50 %, which indicates the need for long-lasting use of glucocorticoids to increase adaptive functions of the body in dogs with parvovirus enteritis.

In this article, we present the course and results of scientific research aimed at calculation of the concentration of somatic cells in cow's milk to detect subclinical mastitis in individual farms of the Republic of Armenia. Comparison of somatic cell concentrations in milk from healthy and sick cows with subclinical mastitis, analysis and comparison of blood morphological parameters in sick and healthy animals has been implemented and the relationship between somatic cell concentration in milk and morphological abnormalities in sick cow blood has been identified. SC concentrations between 300 and 500 thousand/ml are indicative of mastitis risk. In this case, the type of reaction manifested was positive. It was found that the viscosity of the investigated solution "Somatic plus" + milk increases in proportion to the increasing concentration of somatic cells in the milk sample, which indicates subclinical mastitis. A study of the morphological parameters of blood in healthy and subclinical mastitis animals revealed some deviations from the reference values of blood parameters, leading to the conclusion that these changes in animals' blood are related to an increase in the number of milk's somatic cells. Increased leukocytes were found in sick animals' blood. This was followedby an increase in stab neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and ESR. As a result of all this, the body is experiencing inflammatory processes mobilizing its defensive mechanisms against pathogens.

In the field of agro-industry, the most attention is paid to the development of eco-friendly technologies, which allow to improve the efficiency of natural resources in sustainable agriculture, preserving the environment, as well as to obtain high-quality, environmentally friendly, and safe products. Currently, organic viticulture and biodynamic winemaking are rapidly developing and demanding areas of winemaking. In light of these factors, it makes sense to cultivate grape varieties that are resistant to cold, fungal diseases, and pests (in particular, the Charentsi variety). Under different conditions, the microbiological state, physicochemical parameters, organic acids content, and color characteristics of Charentsi grapes were examined. We studied the physicochemical parameters of wines made by using different methods. The possibility of making ecologically clean rosé wines from this grape variety was assessed, using it as a raw material.

The crops variety growing in Armenia has not been fully explored yet, hence, their genetic potential has not been revealed. Therefore, study of gliadin (Gld) locus contained in cereals’ embryo will further clarify the process of allelofunds and genotypes, homozygocity and heterozigocity, genetic similarity, genetic formula and genomic analysis of studied cultivars and wild species. The research was carried out in 2021­2022 in the educational laboratory of Food Quality Control of the Armenian National Agrarian University. The samples of the studied plants were taken from the ex­situ seed collection of the National Gene­ bank of Agricultural Crops and their Wild Relatives of the “Scientific Center of Agro­Biotechnology” branch of the Armenian National Agrarian University. From the electrophoretic spectrum of gliadin (Gld) for the study and identification of the genetic diversity of the inventory samples of cereals diversity protein formulas were deciphered, allelotypes and genotypes, homozygosity and heterozygos­ ity levels were determined, and genomic analysis was performed. According to the genomic analysis of the studied cereals varieties and wild relatives using protein markers, gliadin is spread into four zones: α, β, γ and ω. The genes regulating the synthesis of different parts of gliadin of α, β, γ, ω zones, are polymorphic located in chromosomes 6B(S), 1A(S), 1B(S), 1D(S), and in the case of Alti aghaj, Voskehask and Gjulgian also in 6A chromosome. There are no genes regulating the synthesis of gliadin segments in chromosome 6D(α). Research results, as genetic markers, can be used in identification and selection of studied varieties and wild species.

Throughout the current research 20 rare plant species of the RA mountain meadow zone has been studied and the botanical, topographical, cartographical and graphical descriptions have been compiled based on the existing spatial database. At the first research phase, three rare plants growing in the regions of Kotayk and Gegharkunik were mapped in the ArcGIS environment: Inula acaulis Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss., Acanthus dioscoridis and Draba araratica Rupr. For mapping, first their distribution per communities, settlements, operational significance and soil type was studied and identified, then digital mapping and analysis were performed in the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) environment. Based on the results, it was recommended to take appropriate measures for their preservation. Further changes in the ecological condition of rare plants growing in the selected regions were studied, maps of the given areas were drawn up in the GIS environment, and analysis of plant location, growth density, distance from the settlement, functional significance of the land, threats of extinction as a rare plant species, and conservation measures was performed. The received digital maps and analysis of mapping results justify the need for the development of additional measures (legal, economic, environmental). In order to map the mentioned plant species in ArcGIS environment, sequence of actions has been developed based on which it is possible to update, adjust and complete the database of rare plant species in the mountain meadow zone of Armenia and enrich the global biodiversity repository through the GBIF system.

The implemented research was aimed to evaluate the biological and economic indicators of the studied varieties of zucchini, to introduce the most valuable and high­yielding variety into production. Expert studies were conducted in 2021­2022 in the Taghavard community of the Martuni region of the Republic of Artsakh, located at an altitude of 600m above sea level. Anna (control), Adana and Zartonk zucchini varieties were studied. Each cultivar was planted in a 50 m2 plot with four replications. In each plot, 123 plants were planted in two rows of 10 m length, with 90+70 cm inter­row and 45 cm inter­plant distance. During the vegetation period, feeding with the norm of N 45 was done twice. Breeding varieties were evaluated according to growth and development stages, duration of vegetation, resistance to diseases and pests, and yield indicators. According to research, the Adana and Zartonk have a relatively long vegetation period (72 and 73 days), and the Adana (510 cent/ha) stands out in terms of crop structural elements and yield indicators. Adana and Zartonk are relatively resistant to diseases, and the difference in pest infestation is insignificant. Adana surpassed both Anna and Zartonk in terms of fruit percentage. It exceeded the high­yield control by 135 cent/ha, at the same time, with high economic efficiency, it provided 135 cent/ha crop addition and AMD 420.000 additional profit per hectare. It is recommended to cultivate the Adana zucchini variety in the sub­mountainous zone of the Artsakh Republic.

Milk is a good source of protein, calcium, vitamins, magnesium, casein. Its advantages are the pleasant taste, dietary features and the ability to quench thirst. However, in hygienic terms, it is not without drawbacks. In particular, milk is a beneficial environment for the development of various microorganisms, including pathogens, as a result of which it can easily become a carrier of infectious diseases. Therefore, the task was set to investigate the risks associated with the transmission of a number of dangerous zoonotic infectious diseases, in particular brucellosis and tuberculosis. To this end, organoleptic and laboratory studies were carried out on 20 samples of unpasteurized milk purchased from private individuals in different administrative districts of the city of Yerevan. Through organoleptic method the color, smell, taste, texture of milk was determined. Under laboratory conditions, pH, purity, density, total acidity, bacterial contamination of milk and the presence of brucellosis antibodies and causative agents of tuberculosis were detected. Milk samples were also examined for starch and soda content (milk adulteration).

Calf coronavirus (viral diarrhea) is an endemic disease that is mainly spread by maternal infectivity, cold, wet conditions and crowded housing conditions. Feces were sampled from the rectum of 50 newborn, 3-35-day-old calves. The samples were examined by microbiological, hemagglutination and Bovine enterichek accelerated test (antibody strips) in the ANAU Research Center of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary Examination. Epidemiological data, manifestations of clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical changes, hemagglutination reaction and Bovine enterichek test were used to identify the infection of 3-35-day-old calves. Feces with mucus content from the rectum of calves with diarrhea (50 samples), internal organs (spleen, liver, etc.) and affected small intestines of fallen 3-7-day-old animals (3 heads) were examined.During epidemiological studies, an increase in body temperature (42 0C), anorexia, exhaustion, depression and watery-slimy diarrhea were observed in sick calves. Clots were found on the walls of the arteries of dead animals, inflammation and hemorrages were found in the lymph nods and kidneys. According to epidemiological, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical changes, microbiological research, as well as hemagglutination reaction and Bovine enterichek rapid test data, both coronavirus and enterobacterial diseases were detected in animals at the same time. As a result, farmers and villagers suffered economic losses due to newborn calf falls. The disease was diagnosed according to hemagglutination reaction, Bovine enterichek test and microbiological methods. Morbidity and mortality rates were respectively 0.1 (10 %), 0.6 (60 %), economic loss – AMD 209 400. Based on the effectiveness of the “BolsheVac” (“БольшеВАК”) vaccine, we propose to carry out preventive vaccinations in vulnerable farms.

In the current work, a comprehensive methodology for the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Armenia has been developed to justify the water requirement/demand of plants in the case of drip irrigation. The proposed methodology enables to calculate the values of the individual components of the drip irrigation regime, and in practical terms, it was used to determine the water requirement of perennial plantations in the soil and climatic conditions of the Armavir and Kotayk marzes. Based on the obtained results, the crops drip irrigation norms/rates were mapped in the GIS environment. They can serve as a background for practical planning and justification of the drip irrigation water demand for various crops and contribute to the development of introduction rates of water-saving technologies in this field.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the state agrarian policy, laws, and legislative acts regulating the viticulture sector of RA. An analysis of the strategic documents, legislative documents regulating the sector, laws, normative legal acts, and other documents related to state policy was conducted. Obtaining results led to the conclusion that the legislative acts regulating the sector need to be updated and, in some cases, amended․ In addition, the control mechanisms of the sector have gaps in law enforcement. There is no strategic document aimed at viticulture development, and existing policy measures and programs are not properly implemented and are ineffective. The article concludes with recommendations aimed at alleviating the issues revealed by this research.

Application of fertilizers is among the prior agriculture measures to achieve sustainable potato yield in conditions of leached soils of Lori region, poor in essential plant nutrients. The field experiments established that to obtain maximum potato yield in addition to the introduction of the main mineral fertilizer (NPK) it is necessary to apply complex water-soluble fertilizer (CWF) via foliar feeding thrice during the vegetation period with 10-12 days of interval. In this case the yield amount was 286 c/ha, 40.0 % of which was large and 35.0 % were medium size. The tuber’s chemical composition was also improved. In the case of using N120P120K120 the yield amount was 261.0 c/ha, out of which 30.2 % were large and 40.5 % were medium size, while in the control variant 207.5 c/ha yield was received, out of which only 15.1 % were large and 35.9 % – medium in size.

In recent years, the successful development of dog breeding in Armenia has been hindered by various diseases, the most common of which is demodicosis. The spread of the demodicosis invasion in Yerevan is mainly due to the uncontrolled breeding of dogs, violation of sanitary and hygiene rules for dog rearing, and unauthorized sale and purchase of dogs. Lack of information about the disease among the dog owner and breeders is another important reason for the spread of the disease. Demodicosis in dogs proceeds with certain variations. The extent of invasion in autumn was 51.7 %, in spring – 34 %, in winter – (32.2 %), and in summer it was 18.5 %. The relatively low temperature of the external environment and the high relative humidity of the air are probably favorable conditions for the reproduction, growth, and development of causative agents of demodicosis in dogs. Studies have shown that the highest degree of demodicosis was observed among maternal livestock, and animals older than three months. The lowest degree of disease damage was observed in puppies up to three months old.

The research was carried out in the Ashtarak and Avan communities of the Aragatsotn region of the Republic of Armenia. During the research enterobacteria were found in the samples brought from the Ashtarak community. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, or Proteus diseases were suspected. API 20 E microbial identification test-system was used for identification. As a result of research carried out in 2022, using the above method, Escherichia coli was confirmed in bees in the Ashtarak community of the Aragatsotn region. The susceptibility of the pathogen to antibiotics was also checked and it was found out that the most effective antibiotics are Gentamicyn, Levofloxacin, Streptomycin, and Amoxicillin.

This study assessed potential risks associated with antibiotic residues in Armenian honey. Honey sample analysis revealed multiple antibiotics, in varying concentrations. Estimated daily intakes of antibiotics were calculated for different consumer clusters. The margin of exposure was determined based on acceptable daily intake values. The findings indicate that there are no risks to consumers regarding antibiotic residues in honey. However, it highlights the importance of controlling antibiotics in beekeeping practices to ensure honey safety.

It has been established that there is a need for regular inclusion of soil plowing in the process of minimum tillage. The need for regular inclusion of soil plowing in the process of minimum tillage has been established. A technological scheme for a combined machine has been developed, and a combined front plough for smooth plowing capable of performing both basic and surface soil tillage in a single pass has been proposed. Several geometric, operational, and technological parameters of the proposed plow working body have been determined. The feasibility of using a combined front plough for smooth plowing has been confirmed.

In 2021, the procedure for cadastral assessment approximated to market value of real estate for real estate taxation (adopted in 2019) came into force in the Republic of Armenia, whereby a new methodology for cadastral assessment of other land fund categories of the RA was determined. The procedure does not apply to agricultural lands, which to this day are assessed and taxed according to the methodology and values that were determined in 1997. In this article, we have addressed some points of the current methodology, which, in our opinion, require revision or additional argumentation.

“Argitos Agro” is a plant growth stimulant with fungicidal effect and when disinfecting cucumber seeds and applying during the growing season, it does not have a significant effect on the development of powdery mildew disease. The preparation, indeed, has a stimulating effect on the germination of cucumber seeds, the growth of seedlings and plants, accelerates flowering, increases the yield and improves its quality indicators.

A task was set to reveal the effect of water-soluble fertilizers of new composition and quality on the content of available nutrients at different depths of the soil, depending on the movement of the irrigation water, irrigation time, as well as its effect on the growth, yielding capacity and the quality of fruit in commercial size walnut orchards. The research has shown that the movement of nutrients in the soil is completely dependent on the movement of water when applying water-soluble complex fertilizers with drip irrigation. Therefore, the amount of the water should be adjusted so that the nutrients are available to the plant’s root system at all depths, improving the growth, and increasing the content of the basic nutrients in the leaves.Fertilizers with less water solubility are mainly preserved at a 0 cm - 30 cm depth. When the root system grows and spreads to the inter-row spaces, it is appropriate to periodically fertilize also the inter-row spacing by the furrow method.

The study aims to isolate microbes residing within the internal organs of healthy pigs, extracted from the skin. Through rigorous examination, we aim to analyze their morphological, tinctural, and biochemical characteristics, utilizing the API test to classify the types and subtypes accurately. Additionally, we seek to isolate museum strains for further investigation. Moreover, we intend to document the prevalence and frequency of detection of various microbial types within the sampled specimens. In the course of microbiological examination, 76 samples were obtained from the internal organs of healthy pigs. The analysis revealed the isolation of 8 subtypes of staphylococci and 7 types of enterobacteria, each with their respective subtypes. Utilizing morphological, tinctural, biochemical, and API test data for the isolated microbes, we achieved a confidence level of 99.9 % in accurately determining the type and subspecies of each microbe. Based on the comprehensive data, we selectively preserved strains, including 5 subtypes of staphylococci and 5 types of enterobacteria with their subtypes.

Armenia, with its entire territory, is considered the most sensitive country to climate change. The land tax rate for agricultural lands is determined at 15 percent of the estimated net income determined by their cadastral assessment. The cadastral assessment of agricultural lands in the Republic of Armenia was carried out in 2002-2004. During the assessment, the materials of land management, soil science, geobotanical, and other studies and research conducted in the 1970-1980s were taken as a basis. The article presents the results of research and analysis conducted by the authors during 2020-2023, on the impact of climate risks on the yield and quality of crops on agricultural lands in the Republic of Armenia. As a result of the research, it turns out that among climate risks, the greatest damage to agricultural lands in the Republic of Armenia is caused by frost, hail, and drought, which affects the quantity and quality of crops from agricultural lands, and consequently the income received, which, however, does not reduce the tax burden of the landowner. As a result of the research, to modernize the assessment methodology in the process of calculating net income, it is recommended to adopt the revised calculation method developed and proposed by the authors using risk reduction coefficients (climate risks).

Honey wine, also known as a fermented beverage made from natural honey, is believed to be one of the earliest alcoholic drinks created by ancient humans thousands of years ago, long before the discovery of grape wine. Our research aims to produce wine from honey collected in the Armenian mountains. A series of articles dedicated to the study of the possibility of obtaining alcoholic beverages made by fermenting natural honey (honey wine) using different types of dry active yeast and yeast autolysis derivatives. The data obtained from the research results will be interesting from both the scientific and production points of view. This will allow us to conclude that the selected yeasts can be used for producing such alcoholic beverages.

The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of liver diseases in sows was studied. The state of the antioxidant system in these diseases was also assessed. The liver of sows has been examined after slaughter. There were four groups formed: healthy, acute and chronic hepatosis (HS), and liver cirrhosis. An increase in the level of endogenous intoxication has established, the content of primary (diene conjugates), secondary (malondialdehyde, ketodienes, ketotrienes), and final (Schiff base) products of lipid peroxidation in the blood of sows with hepatopathy. Also noticed that sows with hepatopathy had decreased antioxidant protection, catalase activity, and concentration of tocopherol and ascorbic acid. The level of change was growing with a gravity of hepatopathy. The most expressed disturbance has been observed in sows with liver cirrhosis.

Increasing demand for semi-finished meat has led manufacturers to increase production volumes, renewing and modernizing their assortments in parallel. Technologies and recipes for semi-finished products production are known, in which animal and vegetable raw materials are combined. In addition, it contributes to the rational use of raw materials, the provision of quality food, and the improvement of technical and economic indicators. As a dietary raw material, white cabbage is an effective raw material to use in the production of semi-finished products.

In the Armavir marz of the Republic of Armenia, the effect of the load of buds was studied on the growth, yield, and quality indicators of the Nrneni grape variety. This grape variety was created at the Armenian Agricultural Institute, by crossing the 1-17-1 (Alicant Bushe x Cabernet Sauvignon) hybrid form and the Georgian Saperavi varieties. The Nrneni grape variety is lateripening, moderately high-growing, with low frost resistance and high fungal disease resistance. Experimental vineyards were planted at a planting density of 2.5x1.5 m. The vines were formed according to a low-stem multi-arm fan-shaped formation: The load of the vines was studied at 20, 30, 40, and 50 buds. Research findings related to shoot growth, ripening, and harvest quality enable us to recommend the optimal vine load for the Nrneni grape variety in the Armavir marz region. Based on these studies, we suggest maintaining a load of 30–40 buds per vine.

The ratio of stem fruit, skin, pulp, juice, and seeds is determined by mechanical analysis. A grapevine›s ratio between these components is crucial for winemaking, both in terms of yield and quality. This work aims to determine the mechanical composition of the local, less common varieties, Voskehat and Chilar. The weight of the bunch and berries, the number of berries in the bunch, as well as the weight of the seeds and the skin of the ridges are determined. The structure of the bunch, the composition of the berries, and the indicator of the composition of the bunch were calculated: For Chilar grape varieties, this indicator was higher at 1.8, while for Voskehat grape varieties, it was 1.4. Higher juice yields mean higher efficiency of wine production and lower wine costs for technical varieties.

Seven different types of grain grinders were tested under production conditions. Grain grinders with vertical and horizontal cutting organs were selected for investment in mass and feed production. Their technical, economic parameters, and operational reliability were investigated. Based on the statistical evaluation of the operational reliability of grain grinders, the average statistical values of their readiness factor were calculated, which was Kp=0.8 for UHM-2.2, and 0.51 for HHUM-2.2. Meanwhile, it is established that the readiness factor of the machines and equipment used in animal husbandry and feed production should be no less than 0.94. All defects of nodes and machine parts were identified, also scientific and practical recommendations were made to eliminate and improve operational reliability. It has been established that in the case of identifying defects arising during the long-term operation of these grain grinders, eliminating them with appropriate methods, and finally improving their structure and function, it is possible to successfully organize their mass production and implementation in agriculture, particularly feed production.

TIn the current period of agricultural management, when the task is to obtain new breeds of farm animals following modern socio-economic, regional, and natural-geographical requirements and to improve the existing ones, the problem of using the rich gene pool of wild relatives very often arises. It should be noted, however, that the genetic potential of the Armenian Mouflon was not used during the creation of agricultural animals, particularly sheep in Armenia. This was due to several biological barriers, which are currently surmountable with the use of modern biotechnological methods, especially genomic selection. To resolve the issue, we carried out the genetic passportization and barcoding of the Armenian Mouflon kept in the Yerevan Zoo according to ISSR-PCR markers. Five of the 11 ISSR primers used during molecular-genetic research had high activity: (GA)9C, (CA)9G, (CTC)6G, (GTG)6C, and (ACC)6G. A total of 63 or 71.6 % of the 88 ISSR-PCR amplicons were polymorphic. The lowest value of polymorphic DNA fragments was recorded for (ACC)6G (59.1 %) and the highest for (GTG)6C (83.3%) primers. The number of rare alleles, which indicates the originality and homogeneity of the given population, in the experimental group were: (CTC)6G and (GTG)6C. From the analysis of the material obtained during the experimental research, it was possible to decode the genetic formula and barcode of the Armenian Mouflon, which can be used as a test to clarify the identification, origin, and evolution of the species and conduct molecular selection in the breeding processes.

A salting and ripening process is one of the main and most important steps in producing meat products, especially ground-dried and smoked ones, which undergo complex biochemical and microbiological processes and generate low molecular compounds. This ensures the quality and energy value of a finished product. The development of new methods is therefore necessary to accelerate the ripening process and improve the product›s useful properties. This study aims to develop an optimal dosage of rose hip extract that will accelerate and regulate the ripening process and saturate the high levels of vitamin C in the final product. Maturation was carried out under the same thermal conditions, the duration of maturation was determined by pH. The change in vitamin C content in salted semi-finished meat products was also determined. The research results were compared with the technical regulation of Customs Union Technical Regulations 034/2013 “Safety of meat and meat products”. By introducing this technology in the production of meat products, we will increase the shelf life of the finished product, reducing costs by reducing production costs.

Cars have become an integral part of human civilization today. In developed countries, it is not only regarded as the main form of transportation, but also as a basic component of daily life. In spite of the rapid progress in motorization at the beginning of the 21st century, its apparent optimism brought tangible negative consequences as well. The study indicates that due to the sharp increase in the number of vehicles, loads on Yerevan, s roads have increased. The efficiency of transport use has decreased, whereas accidents, traffic jams and kneading have became more frequent. In 3-4 years, a transport collapse is inevitable if appropriate measures are not taken. To improve the traffic management, it is necessary to develop a strategy and implement a set of measures to improve the road network, especially road traffic, by using modern technologies, since expanding the road network is expensive, laborintensive, and not always possible.

Brucellosis is endemic in Armenia. Test slaughtering is used to fight Brucellosis in large and small ruminants. Cross-contamination among the various types of animals with various types of causative agents may contribute to the permanent existence of the epizootic chain. A study is being conducted to determine whether brucellosis is present among stray dogs in Yerevan (Capital of RA). The Rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and indirect and competitive ELISA tests were performed on 384 blood samples from stray dogs in Yerevan. The competitive ELISA detects only specific antibodies against B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis and differentiates the Brucella 19 strain. According to the diagnostic algorithm for final diagnosis, positive samples by RBT must be confirmed by two other tests. Out of 384 samples tested by RBT, 17 (4.4 %) were positive. Out of 384 samples, 11 (2.9 %) were positive by SAT, 9 samples (2.3 %) tested positive by indirect ELISA, and 16 samples (4.2 %) tested positive by competitive ELISA. We have shown the presence of Brucella spp. among stray dogs in Yerevan. It is necessary to implement additional studies among dog (particularly shepherd dogs) populations in marzes with a higher prevalence of Brucellosis. These additional results will provide an opportunity to evaluate the role of dogs in ensuring a stable epizootic chain of Brucellosis among agricultural animals. They will contribute to a strategy design for preventing the spread of disease.

The study aimed to assess 58 veterinary laboratory specialists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning brucellosis across all regional (Marz) and central laboratories (Reference Laboratory for Especially Dangerous Pathogens). The survey was developed to assess the knowledge of lab specialists and identify gaps in laboratory activities that may have an impact on test results. Questions covered the following topics: a) disease epidemiology, b) sample conditions, c) biosafety and biosecurity, and d) laboratory tests, requirements, and indicators. According to the results, 45 % of respondents are 51 years old or older, most (26 respondents/45 %) have six to ten years of laboratory experience, and 20 respondents (35 %) have 21 years and more experience. Eleven people (19 %) had not received professional training. At the same time, 90 % and more correct answers were given by respondents who had passed training during the last year. In the last year, a person took training but did not answer 90% of the questions correctly. Most part (86 %) of respondents were not familiar with lab test indicators (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, etc.) and 46 (79 %) were unaware of screening and confirmation tests requirements. Only 55 % (32 people) knew that one serological test was insufficient to make a final diagnosis, but 24 (75 %) of those respondents could not justify that. This study shows that it is necessary to review the current mechanisms for the preparation of laboratory specialists. This will indirectly impact an accurate assessment of the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Armenia.

Using research findings, it was determined that each strain exhibits distinct morphological, biochemical, and tinctorial attributes that are intrinsic to its particular classification. Remarkably, the API test proficiently categorized the subtypes of these strains, achieving an exceptional precision rate of up to 99.8 %. The following strains of microbes have been isolated during this study: E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus spp., and Proteus mirabilis. The results of analyses conducted through the discօ diffusion technique reveal a diverse spectrum of antibiotic resistance profiles among the multiple strains isolated from poultry, encompassing 28 antibiotics originating from Italy. The acquired data are of significant scientific and pragmatic value. This underlines the need for specific emphasis on strains manifesting pathogenic traits, particularly those demonstrating multidrug resistance involving three or more distinct antibiotics. The importance of understanding and managing antibiotic resistance in avian microbial populations is underscored by this imperative.

In recent years, in Armenia, meat has become more important than other food-producing directions of sheep breeding, which is due not only to lower costs and the demand for the domestic market but also to the export of many sheep from the republic. Consequently, foreign breeds of mutton, such as Dorper, Hisar, Romanov, Blanch Central Massif, etc., began to be imported and bred in Armenia due to their profitability. On October 20, 2021, Blanche sheep from the Central Massif was imported to the Balahovit ANAU experimental farm. A sheep was mated with a female weighing 80 % of the live weight of an adult queen, about 45-50 kg, and a male weighing 80-85 kg. There was an average or above-average fat level in the animals. Live weight, the amount of feed needed, the level of feed intake, the ability to adapt to weather conditions and reproductive performance were studied. Methods used in animal husbandry were used in the studies. When the animals were moved, they lost about 2.6 % of their weight during the initial period. However, it was restored within a short time. Females gained 365 g in March 2022, and males gained 450 g, which is an excellent indicator. A kilogram of weight gain costs 5.15 EFU. The pregnancy rate was 136 %, and the inter-calving period was 271-320 days, which made it possible to provide three births in two years.

Our research aimed to create a novel lactose-free sour milk product. This would be attractive for local producers and give new possibilities for the development of the dairy industry. The new product consists of two ingredients: yogurt and ricotta. Lactose-free yogurt technology has been developed for the first component production.Yogurt with 3 different curds has been produced and subjected to physicochemical and organoleptic testing. Bacterial culture consisting of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were added in quantities of 100 units per 250 liters milk. The dose of lactase enzyme has been determined to decrease lactose content to 0.01 %:0.48 ml/l Ha-Lactase 5200 NLU. Technological parameters have been developed to ensure higher yield and faster protein separation for ricotta production. Three samples with different proportions (yogurt/ricotta) have been produced to obtain a product with a pleasant taste, aroma, and homogeneity for consumers. As a result of the organoleptic examination of the obtained samples, the optimal ratio has been defined as 90:10. Buckthorn puree was used as a natural additive. The food recipe has been developed, energy value and cost value have been calculated, and the titratable acidity of the food has been investigated.

Food security of the population is one of the main challenges of the 21st century, which, due to the events of recent years (Artsakh war, pandemic, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, sanctions, export restrictions) and their consequences, has become more acute. The stability of the grain sector in the country is of particular importance from the point of view of improving the food security in Armenia. Based on the study of international practice of state support for agricultural production, the results of analysis on the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA, we have developed a model of state regulation of grain production, where the application of a number of realistic methods and measures is emphasized. The results of the studies document that, despite the government’s efforts to expand grain production, the grain sown areas are decreasing year by year, yield growth is not ensured, and the total growth is decreasing. Studying the international experience of state support for agricultural production, analyzing the results of the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA for 2010-2021, we propose to revise the state regulation tools. In particular, to create a grain commission, form a guarantee and collateral price institute, set grain production and distribution quantities, strengthen contractual relations, form a commodity credit company and a grain price stabilization fund, apply commodity intervention, as well as promote economy-infrastructure intervention. We believe that the mentioned fundamental measures will contribute to the prospective development of grain production, ensure realistic results in the medium term, strengthen the cooperation between the state, production and science, as well as increase the self-sufficiency level of grain and, most importantly, will contribute to ensuring the food security of the Republic of Armenia.

In recent years, urban green plantings have been significantly reduced in Yerevan; at the same time, due to geoplastic changes, scattered landscapes and rock walls have appeared, which significantly spoil the beautiful appearance of the capital. Therefore, there is a need to implement vertical landscaping. For vertical greening in residential areas, woody lianas are usually used, and in some cases, also grassy lianas and ampelous flowers. In order to improve and green the landscapes, we carried out ecological and biological research on a route basis, carried out appropriate geodetic measurements, and then prepared phytoplans and estimates for greening of some areas and landscapes. In the autumn of 2022, Yerevan Municipality “Greening and Environmental Protection” Community Non­Commercial Organization (“GEP” CNCO) has planted ivy, campsis, and creepers on both sides of the tunnel leading to Saralanj at the beginning of Myasnikyan Avenue (in an area of 70 square meters), due to which the roadside areas will turn into green, blooming landscapes. The selection of lianas was made according to the latter’s dendrocirculation indicators, decorative features and ecological flexibility. In the coming years, “Greening and Environmental Protection” CNCO will carry out vertical greening according to the above principle in similar landscapes of Myasnikyan Avenue, as well as Saralanj and Tsitsernakaberd highways (in the sections, that have undergone geoplastic change), turning the mentioned areas into green and blooming landscapes.

The aim of the work is to study the growing dynamics of total sugars, acids and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, anthocyanins) in Sev Areni grape berries in conditions of organic farming depending on the buds’ load rate. The studies were conducted in 2020-2021. The vineyard belonging to “Hin Areni” CJSC, established in 2007-2008, is located in the Areni community of Vayots Dzor marz, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. At the start of the trials, 5 hectares of the garden (10 ha) were cultivated with organic methods. The experiments were carried out in four replications through the method of Lazarevskiy including 15 vines in each option. The dynamics of berry ripening was studied according to vine load. Sugar content (refractometric method), titratable acidity (using OIV-MA-AS313-01 method), pH, total phenolic content of fruit juice was determined three times. According to study results, the amount of flavonoids and anthocyanins changes during grape ripening, depending on the vine load. Along with the grapes maturation, sugar content of the fruit juice increases, the acidity decreases. However, parallel to the increase in vine load, the sugar content decreases. In the option of 50 bud load the sugar content decreases. The harvested yield lags behind the option of 30-40 bud load in its qualitative properties. Thus, it is not recommended to use high bud loading option in the organic farming. Based on the study results, it is recommended to use 30-40 bud vine loads of Sev Areni variety in conditions of vineyards organic farming.

In recent years, the use of probiotics has increased unprecedently, regardless of their origin and characteristics. In particular, the use of probiotics for nutritional and therapeutic purposes in infants and patients with a number of diseases (malignant neoplasms, diabetes, post-transplant period, etc.) needs reviews and clinical justification. Currently, in the production of dairy products, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of intestinal origin are of particular interest, which is explained by the fact that the final target of probiotics is the intestine of an animal or a person. However, there is some skepticism about the efficacy of using human gut-derived LABs in dairy production. LABs are widespread in nature: exist in large quantities in plant residues, soil, human and animal intestines. LABs are widely used both in health care and agriculture, as well as in fisheries and fish production. A task was set up to study a series of biosafety indicators of yoghurts obtained from the Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe.am, Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI probiotic strains. Yoghurts produced with biosafety indicators corresponding to the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in yoghurts, heavy metals and M1 aflatoxin content, as well as to international standards for microbiological indicators were obtained from new probiotics isolated from the intestinal microbiota of children (Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe) and dairy products (Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI). The results of our research prove that yoghurts obtained from lactic acid bacteria of different origins are harmless to health.