It has been established that there is a need for regular inclusion of soil plowing in the process of minimum tillage. The need for regular inclusion of soil plowing in the process of minimum tillage has been established. A technological scheme for a combined machine has been developed, and a combined front plough for smooth plowing capable of performing both basic and surface soil tillage in a single pass has been proposed. Several geometric, operational, and technological parameters of the proposed plow working body have been determined. The feasibility of using a combined front plough for smooth plowing has been confirmed.

In 2021, the procedure for cadastral assessment approximated to market value of real estate for real estate taxation (adopted in 2019) came into force in the Republic of Armenia, whereby a new methodology for cadastral assessment of other land fund categories of the RA was determined. The procedure does not apply to agricultural lands, which to this day are assessed and taxed according to the methodology and values that were determined in 1997. In this article, we have addressed some points of the current methodology, which, in our opinion, require revision or additional argumentation.

The article presents the results of two-year investigations related to the effect of different soil cultivation methods, application times of equal doses of mineral and organic fertilizers and bio-humus with bentonite application against their background on the dynamics of macronutrients accumulation and their removal/output through the crop yield. Considering the changes in the winter wheat growth, development, and yield capacity under the effect of different soil tillage methods, as well as the applied fertilizers and bentonite in rainfed conditions, and also the nutrition characteristics, to get high and sustainable yield the cultivation of winter wheat should be implemented only through loosening method, while fertilization should be implemented by introducing natural rock bentonite into the soil either on the background of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60) or bio humus (3.5 t/հa) in autumn, as a result of which the soil air, nutrition and humidity regimes improve, favorable conditions are created for the regular growth and development of the plant and 48.8-52 c/ha grain and 89-96 c/ha straw yield is ensured.

The main goal of the research was to study greenhouse tomato hybrids under hydroponic greenhouse conditions and to enhance the agro economic properties of tomato hybrids, offering farmers the hybrid that ensures high efficiency of tomato cultivation under hydroponic greenhouse conditions. During the vegetation period, phenological observations, biometric measurements, and crop counting were performed. Producing and selling vegetables in the local market is the primary activity of greenhouses and tomatoes occupy a significant place in vegetable production. In recent years, various varieties and hybrids have been imported into Armenia, most without testing. Tomato cultivation in greenhouses occupies a leading place in Armenia. The greenhouse tomato hybrids Merlis, Plumola, and Endeavor were researched.

The second article of the series considers the issues of inter-row and near-trunk land cultivation in orchards. As a result of the study and analysis of the literature, a classification and comparative evaluation of the existing machines intended for the cultivation of the mentioned areas was implemented. Both the advantages and disadvantages of rotary tillers with horizontal and vertical rotation axis were indicated. It has been stated that from the prospect of agro-technological and technical requirements of the mentioned machines, rotary tillers with vertical axis are preferable, which, anyhow, need to be upgraded. Based on the above stated, it has been recommended to select planetary mechanism with external gear as a transmission mechanism for the rotary tiller, which will enable to provide high rotation numbers for the disc of the tillers’ blade in case of relatively fewer rotation numbers of the rotor. It is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed that from the point of view of effective tillage and a sharp decrease in the traction resistance of the unit, the optimal number of satellite cutters is three, located at an angle of 1200 to each other, and the number of knives is two, with a symmetrical arrangement. The expressions derived in the result of dynamic research on the recommended mechanism, enable to identify the optimal geometric parameters for the installation of the tillers’ disc knives, in case of which the resistance force factors of the cultivated medium, including the traction resistance force of the unit will assume the possible minimum values in conditions of the stated regime.

In recent years, the use of probiotics has increased unprecedently, regardless of their origin and characteristics. In particular, the use of probiotics for nutritional and therapeutic purposes in infants and patients with a number of diseases (malignant neoplasms, diabetes, post-transplant period, etc.) needs reviews and clinical justification. Currently, in the production of dairy products, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of intestinal origin are of particular interest, which is explained by the fact that the final target of probiotics is the intestine of an animal or a person. However, there is some skepticism about the efficacy of using human gut-derived LABs in dairy production. LABs are widespread in nature: exist in large quantities in plant residues, soil, human and animal intestines. LABs are widely used both in health care and agriculture, as well as in fisheries and fish production. A task was set up to study a series of biosafety indicators of yoghurts obtained from the Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe.am, Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI probiotic strains. Yoghurts produced with biosafety indicators corresponding to the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in yoghurts, heavy metals and M1 aflatoxin content, as well as to international standards for microbiological indicators were obtained from new probiotics isolated from the intestinal microbiota of children (Lpb. plantarum ZPZ, Lcb. rhamnosus str. Vahe) and dairy products (Lpb. plantarum K1-3, L. delbrueckii IAHAHI). The results of our research prove that yoghurts obtained from lactic acid bacteria of different origins are harmless to health.

The increase of confectionery production volumes and expansion of product range are related to the development of technologies for new raw materials application and to the wide product range manufacture. According to the conducted investigations the rose­hip can be applied as a preventive and curative raw material. Upon the development of the mathematical model for rose­hip CO2 extraction regime parameters, the efficiency of new equipment application and extraction process has been proved. According to the conducted experiments, the maximum yield of carotenoid pigments in the solution is ensured at a relatively lower temperature of the solution. Therefore, the task was set to identify two dependencies: the yield of CO2­solution and the yield of the total amount of carotenoid pigments in that solution depending on the duration and temperature of the process. The optimal parameters of the dissolution process have been determined by the mathematical planning method. As a result of the mathematical modeling of the technological process of CO2­dissolution, it has been found out that the yield of the solution within the studied ultrasound frequencies ranges from 1.0­1.2, while the content of carotenoids in the solution is within 90­91.5 %. Moreover, it has been found out that the maximum values of the mentioned outputs are obtained at temperatures of +15...+22 0C. Thus, according to the research results, sweet brier (rose hips) can be used as a preventive medicine.

The demand for confectionery products is constantly growing, so a task has been set up to justify the use of secondary raw materials obtained from the first extract fruit and vegetable juices in the production of cupcakes. The use of fruit and vegetable powders will enable to expand the product range of flour confectionery, as well as to enrich the finished product with dietary fibers and vitamins. Apple and parsnip pulp were subjected to primary research, and their nutritional value was determined. The chemical and vitamin indicators of the finished products were determined according to the research methods regulated by GOST. Then, comparative evaluation of the vitamin value of apple and parsnip pulps was made. According to research results, fruit and vegetable pulp is not inferior in nutritional value to the original raw material, only certain losses occur during juice extraction process. In order to obtain fruit and vegetable powders and possibly preserve their valuable components, the convective­ microwave drying method was used, which prevents microbial spoilage and deactivation of enzymes in the pulp. After drying, the content of vitamins, chemical and mineral substances in the obtained powders was studied. The addition of 10­15 % fruit and vegetable powders in the production recipe of cupcakes improves the physicochemical indicators of the finished product. Cupcakes made with the supplementation of fruit and vegetable powders also have a low energy value and contain a large amount of pectin substances. Therefore, we recommend using these powders in the manufacture of other products as well.

Milk is a good source of protein, calcium, vitamins, magnesium, casein. Its advantages are the pleasant taste, dietary features and the ability to quench thirst. However, in hygienic terms, it is not without drawbacks. In particular, milk is a beneficial environment for the development of various microorganisms, including pathogens, as a result of which it can easily become a carrier of infectious diseases. Therefore, the task was set to investigate the risks associated with the transmission of a number of dangerous zoonotic infectious diseases, in particular brucellosis and tuberculosis. To this end, organoleptic and laboratory studies were carried out on 20 samples of unpasteurized milk purchased from private individuals in different administrative districts of the city of Yerevan. Through organoleptic method the color, smell, taste, texture of milk was determined. Under laboratory conditions, pH, purity, density, total acidity, bacterial contamination of milk and the presence of brucellosis antibodies and causative agents of tuberculosis were detected. Milk samples were also examined for starch and soda content (milk adulteration).

Calf coronavirus (viral diarrhea) is an endemic disease that is mainly spread by maternal infectivity, cold, wet conditions and crowded housing conditions. Feces were sampled from the rectum of 50 newborn, 3-35-day-old calves. The samples were examined by microbiological, hemagglutination and Bovine enterichek accelerated test (antibody strips) in the ANAU Research Center of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary Examination. Epidemiological data, manifestations of clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical changes, hemagglutination reaction and Bovine enterichek test were used to identify the infection of 3-35-day-old calves. Feces with mucus content from the rectum of calves with diarrhea (50 samples), internal organs (spleen, liver, etc.) and affected small intestines of fallen 3-7-day-old animals (3 heads) were examined.During epidemiological studies, an increase in body temperature (42 0C), anorexia, exhaustion, depression and watery-slimy diarrhea were observed in sick calves. Clots were found on the walls of the arteries of dead animals, inflammation and hemorrages were found in the lymph nods and kidneys. According to epidemiological, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical changes, microbiological research, as well as hemagglutination reaction and Bovine enterichek rapid test data, both coronavirus and enterobacterial diseases were detected in animals at the same time. As a result, farmers and villagers suffered economic losses due to newborn calf falls. The disease was diagnosed according to hemagglutination reaction, Bovine enterichek test and microbiological methods. Morbidity and mortality rates were respectively 0.1 (10 %), 0.6 (60 %), economic loss – AMD 209 400. Based on the effectiveness of the “BolsheVac” (“БольшеВАК”) vaccine, we propose to carry out preventive vaccinations in vulnerable farms.