In livestock breeding, particularly in sheep breeding, biotechnology of industrial technology plays an important role. A remarkable characteristic of technology is that it should be economically and biologically suitable. As a result, we are faced with the task of increasing grain yields and qualitative compositions of sheep. Ewes not having enough milk to feed their lambs after birth, result in malnourished lambs that grow poorly. Consequently, they become sick, and the rate of decline increases. Based on the analysis of the data, it appears that the variation in the live mass can also be attributed to ewes feeding, care, and behavior during the manger period. According to the research program, 2.5- and 5-month-old lambs were weighed. 2.5-month-old lambs had an average live weight of 17.0-20.51 kg for males and 15.10-18.13 kg for females. Compared to the live weight of newborn lambs (3.85 kg and 3.20 kg), the absolute weight gain of male and female lambs at 2.5 months was 16.66 kg and 14.93 kg, respectively. Lambs grain weight rapidly from birth to 2.5 months old (200-220 grams per day), which is typical for lambs in this age group. The data shows that lambs up to 2.5 months of age grew more rapidly than lambs 2.5-5 months of age, which was 12.69 kg and 12.09 kg, respectively, which is typical for lambs this age of multi-purpose sheep.

Drinks saturated with biologically active substances can be obtained from non-alcoholic drinks or mixed berry juices. Natural plant materials were used as a source of physiologically valuable food components: citrus, stone fruits, berries, medicinal herbs, etc. We have developed new functional drink recipes based on directly pressed grape juice and natural raw materials rich in organic acids, vitamins, minerals, and other macro-elements and micro-elements such as feijoa, and blackberry. The Armenian Khndoghn grape variety was chosen to produce juices with the first pressing. This juice has a high biological value and harmonious taste with aromatic compounds. Three drinks were prepared, each containing grape juice and blackberry juice in 80:20, 90:10, and 70:30 ratios. Based on the results, optimal parameters and methods for extracting biologically active substances from plant raw materials (by extraction) were determined, and their organoleptic and dietary properties were improved. Due to the high content of vitamins, phenolic carbonic, organic acids, macro-elements, and micro-elements, new drinks have acquired excellent sensory and functional properties, so including them in serial production is recommended.

There are many berries grown in Armenia, but raspberries are among the most popular. Several pests, the species composition of which has not yet been determined, hinder the achievement of a high-quality harvest. Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) pest species composition was monitored in Tavush marz (Ijevan community) in 2022-2023. Our research has identified and registered seventeen types of pests, of which two belong to the Acarina order of the Arachnoidae class and fourteen to the following orders of the Insecta class: Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, one in the Gastropoda order of Mollusca class. The detected pests were: Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836), Eriophyes gracilis (Nalepa, 1891), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1899), Aphis grossulariae (Kaltenbach, 1843), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Stictocephala bubalus (Kopp and Yonke, 1977), Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758), Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758), Byturus tomentosus (De Geer, 1774), Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795), Melolontha hippocastani (Fabricius, 1801), Polyphylla olivieri (Castelnau, 1840), Resselie llatheobaldi (Barnes), Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803), Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801), Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758), and Deroceras agreste (Linnaeus, 1758). Nevertheless, the most spread species were Resselie llatheobaldi (Barnes), Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803), Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795), and Byturus tomentosus (De Geer, 1774).

The increased demand for tomato products has spurred the cultivation of various varieties and hybrids. Particularly notable are the tomato hybrids whose fruits are harvested collectively in entire branches (racemes), thus earning them the name “raceme tomatoes”. The scientific studies were carried out in 2021-2023, in the glass experimental greenhouse of the Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture of the RA, Darakert, Ararat Marz, during two vegetation periods: spring and autumn. The study focused on five raceme tomato hybrids: Prodezo F1, Santiana F1, Adventure F1 by Rijk Zwaan, Climbo F1 by Syngenta, and hybrid RM-4, which was obtained by us (Known since 2023 as Syune). Prodezo F1 hybrid, which is included in the state register of Armenia, served as the control. The selection of hybrids was based on the increasing demand among the population for raceme tomatoes. According to varietal characteristics and vegetation period, the dry matter content varied from 6.14 % to 7.74 %, which was 2.88 % - 3.22 % for sugars, and 18.44 % - 22.13 % for ascorbic acid content. As a result of the study, the hybrids Adventure F1 by Rijk Zwaan and RM-4 (Syune), a locally cultivated hybrid, stood out for their quality indicators among the examined tomato hybrids, regardless of the vegetation period. These high-quality hybrids will be introduced to greenhouses of Armenia for further cultivation.

This study provides an overview of traffic control methods using automated traffic control systems (ATCS). The main approach highlighted during the analysis is the application of rigid multi-program management, including a library of coordination programs. The study also found a dependence of the period of operation of each coordination program on the state and intensity of traffic flow (TF), noting an increase in the period of stationarity with an increase in the intensity of TF. Based on the system analysis, a mathematical dependence of the control parameter on the intensity affecting the efficiency of TF management is proposed. The results obtained can be applied to optimize the operation of the automated control system and develop effective traffic management strategies.

Using serpentine, which is widespread in Armenia, we developed two new fertilizers. First fertilizer, is composed of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as amorphous silicon dioxide, and fertilizer 2, which contains a small amount of phosphorus (in the form of a mixture in the mineral), calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and amorphous silicon dioxide. Fertilizers were soluble in water and a 1 % ammonium carbonate solution. Laboratory studies have shown that fertilizers positively affect spring barley seed germination percentage, germination rate, growth, yield, and grain NPK content. The yield of spring barley increased by 28.4-33.1 % under the influence of fertilizers, which is equivalent to the efficiency of double superphosphate. However, serpentine, the most common in Armenia, can be used to obtain recommended fertilizers in a much cheaper and safer manner.

Due to a lack of protein in the human diet, dairy products made from milk proteins have increased in production. The proposed new product was made from cheese whey and curds. The main ingredients were whey proteins and pine cone extract as a natural additive. The relevance of making albumen curd with vegetable extract is scientifically and experimentally justified. Based on this study, the optimal dose of pine cone extract was determined which results in imparting a distinctive taste and aroma characteristic of pine cone, improving the chemical composition, and extending the product’s shelf life.

Buckwheat provides essential nutrients crucial for the human body’s regular functioning, however, studies have indicated that it may also contain potentially toxic elements. Therefore, this study aims to assess the health risks associated with buckwheat produced in Armenia, focusing on dietary exposure to toxic elements (lead, cadmium, and arsenic). Risk asessment was conducted using the margin of exposure (MOE) method, involving calculating daily intakes for toxic elements. The study findings suggest that the levels of toxic elements in the investigated buckwheat samples were within acceptable limits. This indicates that there is no significant health risk to consumers.

This study aims to develop technology and a recipe for a novel type of functional bakery product using an alternative sweetener. As licorice roots contain glycyrrhizin, they can be replaced with sugar. Compared to sucrose, glycyrrhizin has a sweet taste 50-100 times stronger. In addition to developing technology for a new product, it is also necessary to consider the economic efficiency and safety of the end product as well. According to the AST 36-94 and AST 37-94 normative documents in force on RA territory, porosity and moisture were determined as physicochemical indicators. A KERN analyzer was used to determine the moisture content of the finished product. The examination of cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead from safety indicators was performed according to the normative documents GOST EN 14083-2013, GOST R 51766-2001, and GOST R 53183-2008. As long as there are no risks associated with harmful effects on human life or health, food products are safe. A finished product should also be cost-effective, profitable, and economical. The safety indicators of the finished product were evaluated for their economic efficiency and compliance with the requirements of the existing normative documents. It has been proven that licorice root extract is safe to use in baking since not all sugar substitutes are safe. Despite being novel in the domestic food market, particularly the functional food market, the proposed product can stimulate the growth of bakery industry.

Scientific research was conducted from 2020 to 2022 under laboratory conditions and on cabbage plantations (plot and industrial). It has been confirmed that cabbage plantations in the Lukashin community of the Armavir region had a high population of cabbage moth caterpillars. Local bacterial cultural liquids of Bacillus thuringiensis species tested separately and in combination with sublethal doses of insecticides showed high biological effectiveness against phytophagous caterpillars of ages I-III, which does not differ significantly from the reference indicator: commercial bacterial preparation Lepidocide. According to the results of laboratory examination of the bodies of the deceased larvae, it was found out that the decomposing body tissues of the pest larvae were filled with insecticidal sporocrystalline components, which confirmed that the death of the phytophagous larvae is the result of the effect of the tested insecticides. When struggling against cabbage moth caterpillars, it is proposed to use bacterial culture fluids alone with a lethal dose of 300 million spores/ml and in combinations with their sub-lethal quantity (titer of 150 million spores/ml) with the chemical insecticide calypso (0.033 % suspension).