The research was carried out in the Ashtarak and Avan communities of the Aragatsotn region of the Republic of Armenia. During the research enterobacteria were found in the samples brought from the Ashtarak community. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, or Proteus diseases were suspected. API 20 E microbial identification test-system was used for identification. As a result of research carried out in 2022, using the above method, Escherichia coli was confirmed in bees in the Ashtarak community of the Aragatsotn region. The susceptibility of the pathogen to antibiotics was also checked and it was found out that the most effective antibiotics are Gentamicyn, Levofloxacin, Streptomycin, and Amoxicillin.

A nation’s health and mental strength depend on its food consumption which is one of the main conditions for the full functioning of the human body. In modern times, the demand for sour milk products has increased significantly due to their dietary and medicinal features. The research object was pure cow’s milk, almond milk, almond flour, and samples of sour milk products. During the work, a study of the physicochemical and sensory indicators of the raw materials added almond milk, and the finished product was performed. Based on the sensory and physicochemical indicators of the product, the optimal dosages are as 70 % of cow’s milk, 30 % of almond milk, and 1.5 % of almond flour were determined. Based on the above, it is recommended to introduce the developed technology of lactic acid products in production, which will complement the assortment of sour milk products, enrich the chemical composition of the product, and increase the body’s resistance and digestibility.

The second part of the article series is about the study of the influence of yeast and autolyzed yeast derivative on red wines’ qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Wine samples in which the preparation process was explained in the first part of the article were investigated. Wine coloring and phenolic compounds were measured. Organoleptic properties of the wines are presented as spider graphs with tasting notes.

The influence of secondary raw materials in primary winemaking on the organoleptic and physico chemical parameters of butter cookies made of wheat and oat flour has been studied. It was revealed that cookies with this additive have appropriate consumer properties and physicochemical parameters that meet accepted standards. It was shown that the processed product was enriched with the elements necessary for the body. These elements include Na, C, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu, and the powerful antioxidant resveratrol. Obtaining food additives by processing grape pomace and their use in confectionery products will contribute to primary winemaking with minimal waste.

This study aims to develop technology and a recipe for a novel type of functional bakery product using an alternative sweetener. As licorice roots contain glycyrrhizin, they can be replaced with sugar. Compared to sucrose, glycyrrhizin has a sweet taste 50-100 times stronger. In addition to developing technology for a new product, it is also necessary to consider the economic efficiency and safety of the end product as well. According to the AST 36-94 and AST 37-94 normative documents in force on RA territory, porosity and moisture were determined as physicochemical indicators. A KERN analyzer was used to determine the moisture content of the finished product. The examination of cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead from safety indicators was performed according to the normative documents GOST EN 14083-2013, GOST R 51766-2001, and GOST R 53183-2008. As long as there are no risks associated with harmful effects on human life or health, food products are safe. A finished product should also be cost-effective, profitable, and economical. The safety indicators of the finished product were evaluated for their economic efficiency and compliance with the requirements of the existing normative documents. It has been proven that licorice root extract is safe to use in baking since not all sugar substitutes are safe. Despite being novel in the domestic food market, particularly the functional food market, the proposed product can stimulate the growth of bakery industry.

Genetic markers for the study of genetic diversity are divided into 4 groups: morphological or phenotypic, biochemical or protein, cytogenetic, and molecular or DNA. Currently, ISSR-DNA markers or Inter Simple Sequence Repeats is widely used for the genetic characterization of various crop varieties and wild species. In the present day, ISSR-DNA markers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) are widely used to characterize various crop varieties and wild species from their genetic makeup. It is used both for inter-species and intra-species genetic variability of populations and for genetic diversity, and species identification, as well as for genome mapping and marking of useful economic traits. The purpose of this research was to certify the wild species and population varieties of beet common in Armenia using DNA markers, to offer them as a selection starting material. The studied wild species and population varieties of beet are distinguished by a high degree of polymorphism: 33.3-88.9 %. According to the indicators of genetic diversity, most of the studied species and varieties are characterized as the main or typical gene pools with a minimum number and frequency of rare alleles. An exception is the Aparan population of table beet, which is distinguished by a high degree of originality. According to the indicators studied with ISSR DNA markers, it is possible to select the right parental forms for beet breeding activities.

Scientific research was conducted from 2020 to 2022 under laboratory conditions and on cabbage plantations (plot and industrial). It has been confirmed that cabbage plantations in the Lukashin community of the Armavir region had a high population of cabbage moth caterpillars. Local bacterial cultural liquids of Bacillus thuringiensis species tested separately and in combination with sublethal doses of insecticides showed high biological effectiveness against phytophagous caterpillars of ages I-III, which does not differ significantly from the reference indicator: commercial bacterial preparation Lepidocide. According to the results of laboratory examination of the bodies of the deceased larvae, it was found out that the decomposing body tissues of the pest larvae were filled with insecticidal sporocrystalline components, which confirmed that the death of the phytophagous larvae is the result of the effect of the tested insecticides. When struggling against cabbage moth caterpillars, it is proposed to use bacterial culture fluids alone with a lethal dose of 300 million spores/ml and in combinations with their sub-lethal quantity (titer of 150 million spores/ml) with the chemical insecticide calypso (0.033 % suspension).

Brucellosis is endemic in Armenia. Test slaughtering is used to fight Brucellosis in large and small ruminants. Cross-contamination among the various types of animals with various types of causative agents may contribute to the permanent existence of the epizootic chain. A study is being conducted to determine whether brucellosis is present among stray dogs in Yerevan (Capital of RA). The Rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and indirect and competitive ELISA tests were performed on 384 blood samples from stray dogs in Yerevan. The competitive ELISA detects only specific antibodies against B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis and differentiates the Brucella 19 strain. According to the diagnostic algorithm for final diagnosis, positive samples by RBT must be confirmed by two other tests. Out of 384 samples tested by RBT, 17 (4.4 %) were positive. Out of 384 samples, 11 (2.9 %) were positive by SAT, 9 samples (2.3 %) tested positive by indirect ELISA, and 16 samples (4.2 %) tested positive by competitive ELISA. We have shown the presence of Brucella spp. among stray dogs in Yerevan. It is necessary to implement additional studies among dog (particularly shepherd dogs) populations in marzes with a higher prevalence of Brucellosis. These additional results will provide an opportunity to evaluate the role of dogs in ensuring a stable epizootic chain of Brucellosis among agricultural animals. They will contribute to a strategy design for preventing the spread of disease.

The study aimed to assess 58 veterinary laboratory specialists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning brucellosis across all regional (Marz) and central laboratories (Reference Laboratory for Especially Dangerous Pathogens). The survey was developed to assess the knowledge of lab specialists and identify gaps in laboratory activities that may have an impact on test results. Questions covered the following topics: a) disease epidemiology, b) sample conditions, c) biosafety and biosecurity, and d) laboratory tests, requirements, and indicators. According to the results, 45 % of respondents are 51 years old or older, most (26 respondents/45 %) have six to ten years of laboratory experience, and 20 respondents (35 %) have 21 years and more experience. Eleven people (19 %) had not received professional training. At the same time, 90 % and more correct answers were given by respondents who had passed training during the last year. In the last year, a person took training but did not answer 90% of the questions correctly. Most part (86 %) of respondents were not familiar with lab test indicators (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, etc.) and 46 (79 %) were unaware of screening and confirmation tests requirements. Only 55 % (32 people) knew that one serological test was insufficient to make a final diagnosis, but 24 (75 %) of those respondents could not justify that. This study shows that it is necessary to review the current mechanisms for the preparation of laboratory specialists. This will indirectly impact an accurate assessment of the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Armenia.

Pig breeding is considered one of the most significant directions of livestock breeding both worldwide and in the Republic of Armenia. Various types of antibiotic drugs are used in animal husbandry, particularly in pig breeding, to promote animal growth and development. The current challenge in agriculture is antibiotic resistance, which can be caused by improper use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the study, 50 biological samples (feces samples) of 50 pigs were collected from three regions in the Republic of Armenia. We found Salmonella spp. in 6 (12.0 %) of 50 pig samples studied by us and in 41 (82.0 %) bacteria belonging to E-coli groups was detected. The detected bacteria belonging to the Salmonella group showed absolute 100 % resistance to 7 out of 16 antibiotics. The detected E. coli bacteria showed 100 % resistance to 7 out of 16 antibiotic types. When carrying out antibiotic treatment against salmonellosis and colibacteriosis diseases in pigs, The results of the research should be taken into account and the use of antibiotics of this type should be excluded.