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Impact of Maltodextrin and Inulin on Synbiotic Fermented Milk Production
2022
El-Komaily, Reda Mohamed | Elbatawy, Osama | Aumara, Ihab
The influence of maltodextrin or inulin added as a prebiotic on the survival of various strains of probiotics in synbiotic fermented milk along cold storage was investigated. Synbiotic fermented milk was prepared using several probiotic strains (Lb. helveticus and Lb. acidophilus) and 2% maltodextrin or inulin and compared with traditional yoghurt starters (Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Str. thermophilus). Synbiotic fermented milk samples were stocked at 4°C then the chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were estimated. Starter culture strains showed no significant effect on dry matter and ash contents in various synbiotic fermented milk samples during storage. However, starter culture type, fortification by maltodextrin or inulin, and storage period significantly influenced the acidity, total and soluble nitrogen contents (SN\TN), acetaldehyde, diacetyl contents and viscosity in various synbiotic fermented milk samples. In addition, fortification of maltodextrin or inulin significantly influenced the survival of yoghurt starter culture strains, Lb. helveticus and Lb. acidophilus strains. The counts of probiotic strains used in all treatments of synbiotic fermented milk survived well and were above the recommended minimum levels (106CFU/ mL) during a storage period.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of Variable Frequency Drive and Pipe Materials on Guava Juice Flow
2022
Shalaby, Shereen | Mustafa, Mubarak | Heikal, Yahiya | El Attar, Mahmoud
In this study, a designed variable frequency drive (VFD) was used to control a single-phase induction motor’s speed to pump guava juice at two solid concentrations (9°Bx and 11°Bx). Next, the pressure drop was measured in stainless-steel pipes of three diameters. The pressure drop percentage difference before and after using the VFD at varied flow rates with 10 repetitions at 5-minute intervals was evaluated. The pressure drop reduction range was 19.7%– 30.8% and 19.2 %–32.4% for the 9% and 11% solid concentrations respectively after using the VFD, which resulted in an average of 25.73% reductions in pressure drop and the pump’s total head and driving power. The rheological properties of guava juice were investigated at various temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35, 55 and 75°C). From the results, all materials exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior at all temperatures and concentrations, and correlated well with the power law model, with flow behavior index (n) values less than unity for the 9% and 11% solid concentrations. The findings offer helpful information for predicting how heat variations during processing influence the behavior of guava juice concentrates.
Show more [+] Less [-]Phytoremediation of Pb and Cd by Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): An Applied Study in the Presence of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.)
2022
Morsy, Manar | Nossier, Mona | Elsebaay, Abd Ellatif | Abd-Elrahman, Shaimaa
A pot study was conducted to investigate the potential of alfalfa for phytoremediation of soil artificially contaminated with different concentrations of Pb and Cd and their combinations. Harvested plants were divided and used for two purposes: (1) separation into roots and shoots, which were digested to determine N, P, K, Pb and Cd concentrations, and (2) the use of fresh shoots to prepare alfalfa extract representing each treatment. Subsequently, lettuce seedlings were grown in the same pots with the same soil and without adding fertilizers; the alfalfa shoot extract prepared from each treatment was added to the treatment itself. Lettuce crops harvested after 67 days from transplanting were divided into roots and shoots which were digested to determine the previously studied elements. In addition, soil samples were collected after harvesting alfalfa and lettuce plants and prepared for chemical analyses. Results showed that alfalfa is an effective accumulator plant for the phytoremediation of Pb- and Cd-contaminated soils. In addition, using the alfalfa shoot extract to fertilize lettuce crops was beneficial to their growth without any risk of translocation of heavy metals. Thus, we recommend adding alfalfa to crop rotations, especially where soils are contaminated with heavy metals.
Show more [+] Less [-]Seasonal Effects on Some Eco-Morphological and Physiological Characters of Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb) Bunge Growing Naturally in Egyptian Northern Coastal Salt Marshes
2022
Mehanny, Aya | Khalifa, Gamal | Abd Elbar, Ola | Habib, Sami | Abba Dawud, Maryam
Tamarix nilotica is a perennial halophyte growing naturally at the Mediterranean coastal salt marshes. Vegetative parts were collected in two successive winters and summers to investigate the seasonal effects on the ecomorphological and physiological responses of T. nilotica. The results indicated that either in winter or summer seasons, T. nilotica can reduce the effect of soil salinity by excreting salts outside its body through salt glands. Summer season was characterized by low content of soil moisture (due to rare rainfall), high soil EC, high light intensity and high temperature; there-fore, plant induced certain morphoanatomical changes in leaves and stem to face the previously mentioned adverse conditions. The most remarkable changes to reduce transpiration process was found by decreasing leaf area and increasing cuticle thickness and mesophyll tissue thickness. In addition, the most marked physiological changes in summer were the significant in-crease in total phenols, proline, free amino acids and total soluble sugars. These compounds can work as osmotic regulators and/or antioxidants. These features enhance the defensive mechanism against dehydration and permit T. nilotica to tolerate the stress conditions in salt marsh habitat.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of Several Nano-fertilization Forms on Cotton Productivity and Quality of Two Cotton Cultivars
2022
Zakzok, Ahmed | Fazaa, Mostafa | Arafa, Abeer | AbdElsamad, Goma
The study investigated the influence of traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) mineral fertilizers and nano-fertilizers on yield, and its attributes, and fiber characters of two Egyptian cotton varieties Giza 94 and Giza 96. The design of the experiment was a split- plot with four replicates. Results indicated that Giza 94 cultivar surpassed Giza 96 in agronomic characteristics, although Giza 96 exhibited the highest fiber reading. Nano-chitosan (NPK)-fertilization significantly improved the mean value of boll weight, seed yield, lint yield, lint percentage, upper half mean (UHM), fiber uniformity index, fiber tenacity, and Micronaire value in both seasons. Conversely, the most minimal values for the aforementioned characteristics were recorded with the control NPK fertilizer over the two seasons.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of Irrigation Systems on Sugar Beet Yield
2022
Kassem, Alaa | El-Gindy, Abdel-Ghany | Hassan, Ahmed
The combined data from two growing seasons in a field experiment study by using two irrigation systems (surface and subsurface drip) in terms of additional water for sugar beet plants under saline conditions are used to estimate root and sugar yield, water use efficiency and root penetration power at the time of harvest. Water salinity levels of 6000 and 8000 ppm were applied to irrigate sugar beet from the time of planting on October 3 to the time of harvest on April 22 with three additions of water (limited 1750, moderate 2500 and optimum 3250 m3/fed). The results are summarized as follows: The heaviest root and highest sugar yield as well as highest water use efficiency were recorded when using subsurface irrigation system, 6000 ppm water salinity level, and moderate or optimum irrigation water (2500 or 3250 m3/fed). Oppositely, the highest penetration power values were obtained using drip irrigation systems with low water quantity (1750 m3/fed) and high-water salinity level (8000 ppm).
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of Different Nitrogen Rates on Gray Water and Water Footprint to Potato
2022
Abd Elsalam, Mai | Farag, ahmed | El-Shinawy, mohamed | Abou-Hadid, Ayman
The importance of water footprint (WFP) is providing information related to water resource management, especially for countries that have water scarcity and rely on irrigation to enhance food security. A field experiment was conducted during two winter seasons in 2018, and 2019. The current study sought to evaluate the impacts of various nitrogen levels (1.N1: 120, 2.N2: 150, and 3.N3: 180 kg /fed) on potato production as well as the water footprint and water requirement. Vegetative characteristics, yield parameters, N contents, and climate data were measured. The obtained results are clarified that increasing the nitrogen rate up to 180 kg/fed led to increase the vegetative growth characteristics, yield parameters, and water footprint of potato crop. The most significant vegetative growth values were obtained using a 180 kg/fed nitrogen level followed by 150 kg/fed. The greater marketable tuber yield was recorded at 180 kg/fed with 18117 & 17753 Kg/fed values, followed by 150 kg/fed with 16864 and 16545 Kg/fed values for the first and second seasons respectively. The water footprint of potato in Egypt ranges from 237 to 267.8 for nitrogen levels of 120 kg /fed and 180 kg /fed.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluation of a Solar Water Distiller Coupled with Solar Evacuated Tubes
2022
Eldehn, Israa | Mustafa, Mubarak | Atia, Mohamed | Salama, Mohamed | Galal, Yehia | Hussein, Mohamed
The scarcity of fresh water is a primary problem in remote regions. Thus, an economical and related water distillation solar still coupled with a solar collector was designed and studied experimentally. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the performance of an active single-slope solar still (ASSSS) coupled with a solar evacuated tube collector (ETC) as the water heater. The results showed that the average distillate productivity of ASSSS combined with U pipe solar (ETC) was 1.085 l/m2 in December 2020, but 3.12 l/m2 in August 2021. These quantities of the water distiller were higher than those of a passive solar distiller with a single slope (PSSSS). The average value of the water temperature increased using the ASSSS coupled with ETC in August 2021 at 79.1°C, whereas it was 71°C in August 2021 for PSSSS. These results indicate that the ASSSS is more effective than the PSSSS.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of neem and willow aqueous extracts on fusarium wilt disease in tomato seedlins 1-induction of antioxidant defensive enzymes
2011
Farag, H.R.M. | Abdou, Z.A. | Salama, D.A. | Ibrahim, M.A.R.
. The effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) and willow (Salix babylonica) aqueous extracts on fusarium wilt disease in tomato seedlings were investigated. Four weeks old tomato seedlings were treated with 10% of either neem and willow aqueous extracts and then infected with Fusarium oxysporum after 4 days of treatment. The results showed that the percentage of disease incidence was increased in non treated tomato seedlings in time dependent manner and reached the maximum level (65%) after 6 weeks of infection. Treatments of tomato plants with neem and willow aqueous extracts reduced the percentage of disease incidence to the level of 25.5% and 27.8% after 6 weeks of infection respectively. The results show that infection of tomato seedling with Fusarium oxysporum led to many morphological and biochemical changes including, reducing the growth of tomato shoot and root, increasing the level of lipid peroxidation and marked increase in the activities of antioxidant defensive enzyme I.e. POX, CAT, and SOD. Treatment with neem and willow aqueous extracts significantly exhibited a growth promotion of tomato shoot and root in infected or non infected seedling. Moreover, application of neem and willow aqueous extracts with fusarium, significantly reduce the level of lipid peroxidation and induce high activities of antioxidant defensive enzymes after 3 and 7 days of infection. Electrophoretic pattern of POX demonstrated that Fusarium oxysporum caused up regulation of several POX isoenzymes. It could be concluded that neem and willow aqueous extracts reduced the disease incidence of fusarium wilt in tomato seedlings by increasing the activities of antioxidant defensive enzymes and decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation.
Show more [+] Less [-]Analytic study of short fiber content in Egyptian cotton
2011
Ebado, E.A. | Hassan, R.M.
The experiment was conducted through two successive seasons of 2008 and 2009 at El Bosaily farm, EI-Behira governorate at the North Coastal of the Nile Delta, in Egypt. This work aimed to study the effect of three green-house covers (polyethylene sheet, white and black net) and three irrigation levels 180%, 100% and 120% of the potential evapotranspiration estimated according to class A pan equation (ET,)], applied by drip irrigation system, on plant growth and crop yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.. cv. Reda F1). The experimental design was split- plot with three replicates. The results showed that white net green-house cover optimized growth and yield of cucumber plant. White net cover treatment recorded the highest vegetative growth (plant height, number of leaves, total leaves area, total fresh and dry weights), and significantly increased total yield. The highest vegetative growth was obtained by 100% ETo compared to 80 and 120% ETo treatments. The interaction among water treatment and green-house cover indicated the highest vegetative growth and crop yield were obtained under white net cover with 100% ET,.
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