This study determined the ability of Orius laevigatus to consume different stages of Bemisia tabaci at various densities. Additionally, the use of B. tabaci as food and its effect on the life cycle parameters and female fecundity of Orius predator developmental stages were investigated. The results showed that O. laevigatus could consume whitefly at various stages and complete its preimaginal and postimaginal stages, with B. tabaci eggs, nymph instars, and adults as the only available food source. The consumption and fecundity of O. laevigatus were influenced by feeding on different stages of B. tabaci. Furthermore, the females of this predator consumed more eggs, fourth nymphal instar, and adults than the first, second, and third instar nymphs of B. tabaci on a different density level. The mean numbers of consumptions at different stages of B. tabaci increased with increasing prey densities. The result simply that O. laevigatus can be used as a predator in the biological control of tobacco whiteflies.

The green bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris) is infested with many insects such as whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). An investigation was carried out to study the insecticidal activity of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), five pesticides were used, namely Thiamothoxam, Sulfoxaflor, Spirotetramat, Pymetrozine, and Flonicamid, and three commercial natural pesticides, namely Superrego, Topnine, and Bernastar. Pesticides and natural pesticides were sprayed during the two seasons of 2020 and 2021. The obtained results in terms of the reduction rate of the insects' number were as follows: The highest rate of reduction appeared in Thiamothoxam and Sulfoxaflor treatments, where it reached above 80%, while the other pesticides were in the range of 40% to 60%, and the lowest reduction rate was 34.33% and 36.00 % for Bernastar during season 2020 and 2021 respectively. When evaluating the toxicity of these pesticides and natural pesticides against honeybees (Apis mellifera), the pesticides did not reveal any toxicity to honeybees, except for Thiamothoxam, Sulfoxaflor, and Superrego The LC50 and LD50 values against honeybees were 0.2 ppm and 0.000005µg/one honeybee for Thiamothoxam, 4.5 ppm and 0.0001125 µg/one bee for Sulfoxaflor, and 0.95 ppm and 0.00002375 µg /one bee for Superego respectively.

A field experiment was conducted during autumn plantation in season 2017 at Qaha, Qalubiya Governorate to evaluate the efficiency of ten different control agents; four of them are biorational components (garlic extract, rosemary oil + sunflower oil, sesame oil and chili oil), three of them are natural pesticide (Techno Oil, Top9 and Berna Star), one agent of them is bio-pesticide (bio-fly) and two chemical pesticide (Blanch 48% SC, Mospilan 20% SP) in reducing the population densities of Bemisia tabaci and Tetranychus urticae on Hatma potato cultivar. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the ten tested compounds in reducing the population density of B. tabaci nymphs; Mospilan 20% SP was the most potent compounds in reducing the population density of B. tabaci nymphs causing the highest reduction percentage (83.58 %), while Top9 gave a low effect with reduction percentage (49.32%) and Bio-fly gave moderate reduction percentage (63.92%). These compounds could be divided into two groups according to the reduction percentage: 1st group contains Mospilan 20% SP, Blanch 48% SC (chemical pesticides), Berna Star and Techno Oil (natural pesticides), respectively. 2nd group contains on Bio-fly (bio-pesticide), sesame oil, garlic extract, chili oil, rosemary oil + sunflower oil (biorational components), and Top9 (natural pesticide) on B. tabaci nymphs. Results also revealed that there were significant differences between the mean of general reduction percentage of the ten tested compounds on T. urticae population. Mospilan 20% SP recorded the highest reduction percentage (73.1 %), (rosemary oil + sunflower oil) treatment recorded the lowest reduction percentage 41.97% and Top9 gave moderate reduction percentage (60.03%). These compounds could be divided into two groups: 1st group contains on Mospilan 20% SP, Techno Oil, Blanch 48% SC, garlic extract, Top9, chili oil, sesame oil and Berna Star respectively. 2nd group contains on Bio-fly and (rosemary oil + sunflower oil) respectively

This study was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons in the Horticultural Research Station at Kanater El- Khairiya, Qualiobeya Governorate to throw light on the effect of different types and rates of fertilizer treatments on the rates of infestation of the cowpea plants, Vigna unguiculata L. by different pests Tetranychus urticae, T. cucurbitacearum (eggs and motile stages), Bemisia tabaci (eggs, nymphs, pupae & adults), Thrips tabaci (nymphs & adults) and green Jassids and on the resultant crop yield. Data revealed that treatment with NPK mixture recorded the highest infestation rate by T. urticae Koch, T.cucurbitacearum (Sayed) and T. tabaci in the two seasons, while the K2O fertilizer revealed the lowest infestation rates. Moreover, the N2 fertilizer recorded the highest infestation with whitefly and Jassids. The brown scale insects, Coccus hesperidium Linnaeus were firstly recorded in Egypt on cowpea plants but throughout the first season only. The mixture treatments resulted highest yield (2428.3 &2675 Kg./fed.) followed by Micro-element treatments (1500 &1658.3 Kg./fed.) then K2O fertilizer treatment (1416.7 & 1553.3 Kg. /fed.) in 2012 and 2013, respectively; being significantly higher than control which recorded (756.0 & 845.0 Kg. / fed.) for the two seasons.   However, the results showed a significant improvement in the uptake of NPK over the control, so it increased the production.

The green bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris) is infested with many insects such as whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). An investigation was carried out to study the insecticidal activity of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), five pesticides were used, namely Thiamothoxam, Sulfoxaflor, Spirotetramat, Pymetrozine, and Flonicamid, and three commercial natural pesticides, namely Superrego, Topnine, and Bernastar. Pesticides and natural pesticides were sprayed during the two seasons of 2020 and 2021. The obtained results in terms of the reduction rate of the insects' number were as follows: The highest rate of reduction appeared in Thiamothoxam and Sulfoxaflor treatments, where it reached above 80%, while the other pesticides were in the range of 40% to 60%, and the lowest reduction rate was 34.33% and 36.00 % for Bernastar during season 2020 and 2021 respectively. When evaluating the toxicity of these pesticides and natural pesticides against honeybees (Apis mellifera), the pesticides did not reveal any toxicity to honeybees, except for Thiamothoxam, Sulfoxaflor, and Superrego The LC50 and LD50 values against honeybees were 0.2 ppm and 0.000005µg/one honeybee for Thiamothoxam, 4.5 ppm and 0.0001125 µg/one bee for Sulfoxaflor, and 0.95 ppm and 0.00002375 µg /one bee for Superego respectively.

This study determined the ability of Orius laevigatus to consume different stages of Bemisia tabaci at various densities. Additionally, the use of B. tabaci as food and its effect on the life cycle parameters and female fecundity of Orius predator developmental stages were investigated. The results showed that O. laevigatus could consume whitefly at various stages and complete its preimaginal and postimaginal stages, with B. tabaci eggs, nymph instars, and adults as the only available food source. The consumption and fecundity of O. laevigatus were influenced by feeding on different stages of B. tabaci. Furthermore, the females of this predator consumed more eggs, fourth nymphal instar, and adults than the first, second, and third instar nymphs of B. tabaci on a different density level. The mean numbers of consumptions at different stages of B. tabaci increased with increasing prey densities. The result simply that O. laevigatus can be used as a predator in the biological control of tobacco whiteflies.

Two experiments were carried out at the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center and the Experimental Research Station attached to the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams Univ., Shalakan, Qalyubyia Governorate. The experiments were conducted for two summer seasons in 2015 and 2016 under unheated multi span plastic house and under open field conditions. Both experiments aimed at investigating the effect of certain weather conditions on the impact of three insecticides used for the control of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) nymphs on four cucumber cultivars. The aims of the plastic house experiment and open field experiment were to investigate the impact of certain climatic conditions (Temperature (Co), Relative humidity (%) on different insecticides efficiencies used for whitefly control compared to untreated  check (without any insecticide application). Lex (Dinotefuran) insecticide was the more effect on the nymphs of B.tabaci inside the plastic house or in the open field followed by Oshin (Thiamethoxam) insecticide. However Bernastar was the lowest efficiency. Concerning effect of climatic conditions, air temperature and relative humidity affected the performance of the three tested insecticides especially during the days with temperature over 35°C.