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ANALYSIS OF EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE WITH THE COUNTRIES OF THE EURO - ASIAN UNION Full text
2019
M. Salem | A. Omairi | A. Abdelmaqsoud | Salwa Abd ELMonem
The study aims at identifying the analysis of the Egyptian agricultural foreign trade with the countries of the Euro-Asian Union. The study problem , its objectives and the research method Where identified in the study. Where , there is a lack of information on the expected results or the role that the proposed free trade agreement between Egypt and the Euro-Asian Union could play and the requirements for maximizing the positive results and minimizing the negative consequences if this agreement is signed. Therefore, the research aims to identify the positive and negative results on the Egyptian economy under the proposed agreement, which contributes to reducing the negatives and supporting the positive factors to achieve effective decision-making. The study included four chapters. First, identifying the stages of economic integration. The second chapter was studying the economic interrelationships between the Russian Federation, Egypt, Belarus, Armenia and Kazakhstan, and the third chapter was the identification of commodity trade relations between Egypt and Eurasian countries during the period 2001-2017 through exports and imports between Egypt and the countries of the Euro-Asian Union The most important trading partner of Egypt among these countries is the Russian Federation, where the value of trade exchange between the two countries in 2017 to more than 4 billion dollars, including 3.6 billion imports to Egypt and 0.5 billion exports from Egypt to Russia, The fourth chapter was the use of trade indicators to reveal trade opportunities with the countries of the Euro-Asian Customs Union. Three indicators were used: 1- Conditions of trade, 2- Agricultural trade compatibility, 3- Price competitiveness, The tendency of the terms of exchange for Egypt in many commodities of vegetables and fruits in the studied markets and the most important Russian market and it shows the agricultural trade compatibility of these commodities and the advantage of some Egyptian commodities such as oranges, potatoes and grapes have a significant competitive advantage in the Russian market with great importance. The research included several recommendations, including the promotion of intraagricultural trade between Egypt and the EuroAsian countries through preferential agreements, especially with Russia, Armenia and Kazakhstan.
Show more [+] Less [-]COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TWO LOCAL STRAINS OF DUCKS: SUDANI AND DOMYATI Full text
2019
Lamiaa Radwan | H. Madian | M. Mahrous | Y. Badaw | A. Zein El-Dein
The present study aimed to investigate the Genetic Diversity and productive Performance for Some Duck Local strains (sudani and domiaty) using Microsatellite genotyping analysis. From the hatched duck chicks, fifty day old ones were taken at random from each strain and reared under the same environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions from one day old until they aged 12 weeks (marketing age). The comparison was held between the two local duck strains for the following traits: Body weight and body measurements measured biweekly from day old until 12 weeks (pooled sex). Body measurements (shank length, keel length and body circumference) measured at 4,8,12 weeks of age for each strain. All chicks provided reared on floor pens, feed and water were provided ad-libitum all ducks chicks fed on two types of rations: A starter ration (from 0-4wks) and A finisher one (from 5-12 wks). The results indicated that There were significant differences in Body weight at all studied ages between Sudani and Domiaty strains (except at 2, 6 wks.) in hatching the average body weight of the Sudanese strain was 40.80 g however it was 34.12 g for the domyati strain, At 4 weeks age, the average body weight of Sudanese strain was 617.21g while it was 446.38g for the domyati strain, At 8 weeks age, the average body weight of Sudanese strain was1490.90g since it was 1235.98g for the domyati strain and At 12 weeks age, the average body weight of Sudanese strain was 2211.0g while was 1691.88g for the domyati strain. Also Body measurements of duck during early periods of growth (aged 4, 8 and 12 weeks) was At 4 wks age there were no significant differences between the two strains, At the age of 8 wks, the same trend was observed concerning the absence of the significant differences between strains and At the age of 12 wks, there were significant differences between the two strains of the breast circumference only where the superiority was recorded for the domyati strain, This may be reflected the genetic differences between the two strains. The results appeared that the PIC (polymorphic information content) of most microsatellite sites was lower than 0.5. This means that the selected microsatellite loci had a1ow diversity and can reflect the genetic relationship among Sudani and Domiaty populations. This assured that both sudani and domyati populations could be considered as a near populations on a molecular level.
Show more [+] Less [-]DEVELOPMENT OF SOME TOLERANT YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE) STRAINS TO HEAT AND SALT STRESSES Full text
2019
Sara Abd El-Maksoud | M. Sayed | Fatma Badawy | Eman Fahmy
All living organisms are subjected to changing in conservational conditions, to which they must adapt to. Stress is defined as a threat refers to the physiological balance of systems critical to survival organisms. Five yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were subjected to different adverse environmental situations, such as thermal, osmotic and oxidative (salt) stresses. The objective of this work was to detect the most tolerant yeast strains under salt or heat stresses. Five yeast strains were exposed in a first experiment to heat stress at 20°C or 40°C beside to the control at 30°C to detect the more tolerant strain. The same yeast strains were subjected in a second experiment to two different concentrations of salt stress (NaCl); 0.5 or 1.0 M, separately, for two days (at 30°C as normal temperature for growth), other strains were exposed to 0.5 M concentration of NaCl for 24 hours, then 1 M for another 24 hours. For the heat stress results, strain S4 was more tolerant at 40oCwith insignificant difference compared to the control (30oC), while it showed significant difference at 20°C. Strain S5 also was more tolerant at 20oC with insignificant difference compared to the control. For salt treatment, the only insignificant value was for strain S3at 0.5M NaCl compared with the control.
Show more [+] Less [-]BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF THE EGGPLANT STEM BORER, Euzophera osseatella Treit. (Lep.: Pyralidae) Full text
2019
Samar Abbas | A. Hekal | L. Youssef
Biological aspects and life table parameters of the eggplant stem borer, Euzophera osseatella Treit. (Lep.: Pyralidae) were studied under laboratory conditions at 27℃ and 65% R.H. The egg, larval and pupal stages of E. osseatella lasted 5.8, 33.2 and 12.9 days, respectively. The mortality percentage in the corresponding stages reached 14, 37 and 13%, respectively. The sex ratio in E. osseatella was in favour of females (1:1.1). The preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods of the pest averaged 1.8, 3.1 and 1.2 days, respectively. The daily and total numbers of eggs/female of E. osseatella were 46.6 and 147.2, respectively. The male and female of the insect lived 4.4 and 6.2 days, respectively. The mean generation time (T) of E. osseatella averaged 54.22 days. The net reproductive rate (Ro), the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (exp.rm/ λ) in the pest were 28.09, 0.062 and 1.063, respectively. The generation doubling time (Dt) of E. osseatella reached 14.01 days. The fecundity curve (Mx) of E. osseatella showed three peaks of 14.14, 20.14 and 12.32 female progeny/female/day at the female age (X) of 50.5, 61.5 and 63.5 days, respectively. The survival curve (Lx) of the insect revealed that most death of females occurred after an extended oviposition period to compensate failure of most immature stages to reach maturity (64%).
Show more [+] Less [-]ASSESSMENT OF CYTOTOXIC AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF Zygophyllum album AND Suaeda palastina EXTRACTS ON HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELL LINES Full text
2019
Marwa El-Attar | A. Awad | F. Abdel-Tawab | H. Kamel | S. Ahmad | Amal Hassan
In this study, anticancer activity of Zygophyllum album and Suaeda palastina extracts was evaluated. Dichloromethane, methanol and hot water were used as solvents for extraction. Results indicated that the highest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on human lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines was achieved by dichloromethane extracts of Z. album and S. palastina (70.48 μg/ml and 34.82 μg/ml respectively) compared to methanolic and hot water extracts. Furthermore, dichloromethane extracts of both plants had antiproliferative effect and highly cytotoxicity on human cancer cells. IC50 of Z. album was 27.74 μg/ml in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), while IC50 of S. palaestina was 30.76 μg/ml with no cytotoxic activity on normal cell lines. In conclusion, these results suggest that Z. album and S. palaestina could be a good candidate species as a natural source of anticancer agents.
Show more [+] Less [-]ASSESSMENT OF GENOTОXIC EFFECTS OF SOME FOOD ADDITIVES ON SOME HUMAN CANCER CELLS Full text
2019
Shimaa Rashad | F. Abdel-Tawab | Eman Fahmy | A. Attallah | Ekram Ahmed | A. Haggran
Some food additives commonly used by humans have been recently proved to be mutagenic. It is of significant importance to evaluate their genotoxic effects, since they are frequently consumed by humans in their daily meals. In this study, we investigated the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG), sodium benzoate (SB) and saffron on human cell lines; lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (Caco-3) and normal lung (Wi38) cell line as control. Cytotoxicity of food additives was screened on multiple cell lines and examined by NR assay (Neutral Red assay). The present study focused on the cytotoxic activity of the food additives and its possible underlying mechanisms. The results showed that food additives; MSG, SB and saffron induced profound cytotoxicity in cancer cells of human colon cancer (Caco-3) (IC50 = 33.92, 15.01, 3.98 μg/ml), human breast cancer (MCF7) (IC50 = 12.79, 0.378, 10.73 μg/ml), human lung cancer cell line (A549) (IC50 = 27.37, 0.45, 2.46 μg/ml), respectively. Moreover, food additives exhibited cytotoxic activity on normal lung cell lines (Wi38) (IC50 = 4.25, 0.733, 18.14 μg/ml). These data indicated that food additives decreased cell viability in malignant and nonmalignant cells as well as confirmed the occurrence of their cytotoxic effects.
Show more [+] Less [-]INFLUENCE OF SPROUTING USING BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC ELICITORS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RADISH SEEDS (RAPHANUS SATIVUS) Full text
2019
Islam Tork | A. Abdelhafez | Fatma Mostafa | M. Abdallah
Germination is a way to improve agricultural productivity and easily to use by low income families, in particular with using some elicitors in germination for enhancing the nutrition value of the seeds by sprouting. For their highly metabolic activities after harvesting, radish seeds were selected for performance of this study. The effect of using abiotic elicitor (saline water, by NaCl at different concentrations) and biotic elicitor (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on sprouting of radish seed has been investigated. After germinating radish seeds for six days using elicitors, chemical analysis and determination for phytochemicals contents have been carried out. Results showed a promising efficiency by sprouting, where an appreciable increasing in some analysis as protein, carbohydrates, some minerals and amino acids comparing to seed. Besides, germination had a positive effect to present some phyto-compounds as some flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Then, this study and similar ones are an important step towards the future development of value-added foods with elicited phytochemicals and can be used in the development of innovative food products with beneficial effects on human’s health.
Show more [+] Less [-]LIPID METABOLISM IN DIABETIC RATS AS AFFECTED BY CANOLA AND MUSTARD SEED SPROUTS Full text
2019
Hanaa Amer | Tahany Aly | K. Tobgy | M. Abdallah | N. El-Shahat
Canola (Brassica juncea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed sprout effects on diabetic rats have no available information and to clarify their effects, both sprouts were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic and normal rats. Rats were fed on a semi-modified diet containing 10% of canola or mustard sprouted using tap or saline water for sprouting ad-libitum for 6 weeks. STZ showed increases in blood sugar, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), vary low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and triglycerides (TG). The addition of canola and mustard with or without salinty at 10% to diabetic rats diet as semimodified diet resulted a significant decrease in blood glucose, TG and VLDL-c and data was more pronounced using mustard sprouted or saline water without changes in the HDL-c parameter. These results showed that canola and mustard especially mustard sprouted in saline water had a hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats and partly improved lipid metabolism in the experimental rats, with non-toxic to rats in doses given over 6 weeks period in this study.
Show more [+] Less [-]ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH SUGARCANE AND ITS POTENTIAL TO SUPPRESS SPORISORIUM SCITAMINEUM, THE CAUSAL FUNGAL PATHOGEN OF SMUT DISEASE Full text
2019
Shadia Taghian | Afaf El-Meneisy | A. Esh | N. Abdel-Ghaffar
Bacterial endophytic ubiquitously colonize the internal tissues of the plant. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the endophytic bacteria from sugarcane stalks which have antagonistic activity against Sporisorium scitamineum, the causal pathogen of sugarcane smut disease, and to study their activity to produce some secondary metabolites i.e. enzymes and growth-promoters. Sugarcane samples were collected from five governorates in Upper-Egypt namely, Giza, Beni-Suef, Sohag, Qena, and Luxor. A total of 240 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from 160 samples of healthy sugarcane stalks (variety GT-54-9). Isolated endophytes were screened for its antagonistic activity against S. scitamineum, in vitro, using dual culture method. Only, 62 isolates showed different degrees of antagonistic activity. Ten isolates of endophytic bacteria were selected to study their potential to produce enzymes (chitinase, β 1,3 glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and growth-promoters (siderophores, indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA)). These isolates were pre-identified using the morphological and physiological properties according to Bergy's manual as Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Enterobacteria sp., Herbaspirillium sp., Gluconacetobacter sp. Anabaenopsis sp. and Azospirillumsp. All endophetic bacteria produced β 1,3gluconase and indole acetic acid (IAA), while Pseudomonas sp. produced salicylic acid and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, Ana baenopsis sp. produced phenylalanine ammonia lyase, Gluconacetobacter sp. produced chitinase and Herbaspirillium sp. produced siderophore. Meanwhile, isolates of Anabaenopsis sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most effective to produce β 1,3glucanase and indole acetic acid compared with other entophytic bacteria.
Show more [+] Less [-]EFFECT OF SOAKING AND SPROUTING USING SALINE WATER ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT GRAINS Full text
2019
T. Hussein | Y. Abd El-Shafea | U. El-Behairy | M. Abdallah
In the current research, wheat grains were used to study the effect of grain soaking and sprouting using tap water and saline water (NaCl solution) on sprout growth, proximate analysis, minerals content, anti-nutritional and antioxidant compounds of sterilized grains (soaked for 0.33h) and soaked grains for imbibition (12h) and sprouted grain for 24h old. Results revealed that the longest radical of 24h old wheat sprout was observed at 2000 ppm NaCl, and shortest was observed at 4000 ppm NaCl. Soaked wheat grains (12h) for imbibition recorded the highest moisture content (10.2 to 10.9%) while soaked for 20 min (0.33h) in calcium hypochlorite for sterilization recorded medium content (8.8 to 9.9%) and the lowest one recorded in 24h old wheat sprouts (6.9 to 7.2%). The low moisture content the high total carbohydrate, total fats and energy and vice versa. Soaked grains for sterilization period (0.33 h) and imbibition (12h) increased zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and calcium (Ca) while non-sterilized only potassium (K). Tap water increased sprout magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) content while saline water increased sprout magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) content. Grain sprouting was effective in reducing phytic acid, oxalate and alkaloids anti-nutrient in wheat sprouts especially when using sterilized grains. Soaking non sterilized grains for imbibition (12h) in saline water contained higher total phenol, flavonoids and total antioxidant. Etiolated wheat sprouts contained lower total flavonoids and antioxidant compared with soaked grains in saline water.
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