For this purpose and identify the best bread wheat lines in terms of yeild and stability, an experiment was carried out during the two crop years of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 in the research farm of Safi Abad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Dezful. 407 new wheat lines were evaluated along with 4 regional control varieties, in the first year & 88 best lines of the first year were evaluated along with Mehrgan and Chamran 2 varieties, in the second year. One of the main reasons for this decrease in yield can be attributed to the increase in the temperature of March in the second year (20 degrees Celsius) compared to the first year (16 degrees Celsius), which caused the average grain filling period from 49.5 days in the first year to reach 46.7 days in the second year. Finally, according to the total measured traits of each line during two crop years, lines No. 384, 365, 356, 383, 355, 389 and 424 were selected as the best lines. Pedigree study of the top lines, it was found that in the pedigree of the top 5 lines, there is a common parent named BORL14, which probably made these lines superior to the other tested lines. According to these results, it is possible to propose and implement the use of this line to improve the wheat breeding program in the hot and dry areas of the south.

This research was carried out in order to evaluate the biochemical and agronomic traits of dryland chickpea intercropped with dragon’s head in Saqqez city (Kurdistan province). It was conducted as a factorial split-plot experiment, arranged in a randomized complete block design, with three replications during the 2021-2022 cropping year. Treatments included three planting times (autumn, expecting, and spring) as first factor, three chickpea cultivars (Saral, Nosrat, and Anna) as second factor and five cultivation patterns [(pure chickpea), (25% L. iberica: 100% chickpea), (50% L. iberica: 100% chickpea), (75% L. iberica: 100% chickpea), and pure L. iberica cultivation (100% L. iberica). The highest leaf chlorophyll a and b contents were obtained in winter with intercropping of %100 Nosrat chickpea + %50 L. iberica and planting ratio (%100 chickpea +% 25 L. iberica), respectively. The highest leaf carotenoid content was obtained in spring with planting ratio of %100 Saral chickpea + %75 L. iberica. The highest water use efficiency was obtained in winter, in the Nosrat variety, and in pure cultivation. The land equivalent ratio in all intercropping patterns was more than one, which showed the superiority of L. iberica and chickpea intercropping compared to pure cropping.

In order to compare 25 genotypes of bread wheat in terms of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the rainfed and irrigated conditions at Razi University, Iran, in 2016-2017. GT-biplot was used to evaluate genetic diversity and to identify stable genotypes with high yield and drought tolerance. Combined variance analysis showed that there was high variability among genotypes for the most of traits. Examining the correlation of traits in two environmental conditions showed that morpho-physiological traits; especially yield components, were the most related to yield. The results of the GT-biplot method showed that the first and second principal components explain 41.7% and 40.1% of the total changes in rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Based on the GT-biplot analysis diagrams of genotypes 10, 15, 6, 13, 2, 14, and the Pishtaz cultivar in terms of physiological traits, yield and its components and the traits related to stem and spike in irrigated conditions, and genotypes 10, 15, 6, 18, and 17 in terms of biochemical traits, yield and its components, and traits related to stem and spike in rainfed conditions were recognized as superior genotypes. The genotypes 2 and 6 in irrigated conditions and the genotype 6 in rainfed conditions had the lowest genotype×trait interaction. Finally, the genotypes 10, 15, and 6 were superior in two environmental conditions and the genotype 6 had the least interaction effect in both conditions. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in breeding programs.

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops with more than 50% of nutritional (table) consumption. Considering the climate changes, the development of genotypes tolerant to abiotic stresses is more important than before. In the present research, the recovery capacity of two oilseed sunflower genotypes (DM-2 and H158A/H543R) was evaluated 24 hours after irrigation following sever drought stress (30% of field capacity) by evaluating the changes in enzymes activity at 8-leaf stage and quality and quantity of end product at adult plant stage. The experiments were conducted in frame of completely randomized design with 3 replications under controlled conditions. A significant difference was observed between genotypes in the terms of guaiacol, ascorbate, lipoxygenase and proline contents, as well as leaf area, leaf length, root weight, plant height and root sodium-potassium ratio in recovery conditions. Based on the results of the evaluations and changes in the mean of traits in the comparison of two normal and recovery conditions, as well as the pattern of fatty acids, genotype DM-2 has a high recovery ability.

The present research was conducted to simulate the impact of climate change on irrigated barley in Lorestan and Hamadan provinces. For this purpose, nine regions including Aligudarz, Borujerd, Khorramabad, Kuhdasht, Pol-e Dokhtar, Hamedan, Malayer, Nahavand, and Kabudarahang were selected in the two provinces. The APSIM-barley model was employed to simulate the growth and development of irrigated barley. Firstly, the APSIM-barley model was evaluated using two independent field experiments. The first experiment was conducted in Khorramabad to calibrate the crop model; while the second experiment was done in Hamedan to validate the crop model. The future climate was projected using the AgMIP methodology under two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the period 2040-2070. The results of the model validation showed that the crop model was able to simulate barley yield and biomass with nRMSE of 16.4% and 13.3%, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated that on average across the study locations, barley grain yield would decrease by 3.8% and 5.7% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. However, in Pol-e Dokhtar, barley grain yield is projected to increase by 1.3% and 4.8% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Based on these findings, adaptation strategies should be considered in the future to prevent the reduction of irrigated barley yield in the studied provinces.

Vernalization genes (Vrn), in addition to controlling the growth habit of wheat (spring and winter), play a key role in flowering time and early maturity of wheat. They are also of great interest in drought tolerance researches. To investigate the effect of Vrn genes on drought tolerance, four isogenic lines were developed. Isogenic lines were resulted from the crosses of the early heading Australian variety, Excalibur, with the late heading Iranian variety, Roshan, and followed by backcrossing with Roshan. Two experiments were conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications under rainfed conditions of Sepidan during 2019-2020 and under well-watered conditions of Kerman during 2020-2021 cropping years. In the present research, seven important agronomic traits, including days to heading, days to ripening, grain filling period, spike number per meter square, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were assessed. Isogenic lines were assessed for drought tolerance using eight indices, including mean of productivity (MP), yield index (YI), stress tolerance index (STI ), geometric mean of productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI ), yield stability index (YSI), and stress tolerance score (STS). The results of stress tolerance score (STS) showed that isogenic lines vrn-B1/Vrn-D1a and Vrn-B1a/vrn-D1 had the highest and the lowest stress tolerance score, respectively. In addition, the vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1a alleles, which cause early flowering, improve drought tolerance by utilizing an escape mechanism from dry conditions.