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Пробиотики в кормлении сельскохозяйственной птицы
2008
Glaskovich, M.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
Data on studying of efficiency of application of immunobiological preparations on efficiency and other clinical and biochemical indicators for chickens-broilers are cited. It is established, that their application to chickens-broilers promotes increase of biological value of fowl as foodstuff and is economically expedient. Application of a preparation the Biococktail-NK in an optimum dose 0,1 - 0,2 ml/goal (10,0-20,0 million microbic bodies) has allowed to increase intensity of growth of chickens-broilers by 3,5%, to lower forage expenses for production of a gain of body weight of 1 kg on 4,95%, to raise safety of young growth of birds on 3,4 % and to lower a case of birds to 1,6% (technological norm of 5%). The carried out calculations have shown, that introduction of the Biococktail-NK in a ration of broilers is economically justified, as safety of young growth in 4th trial group has raised on 3,4%, in the third - on 2,5%, in the second - on 1,3%. On the basis of the spent research fowl of the delivered samples in which ration it was entered the probiotic Biococktail-NK from calculation 0,1 - 0,2 ml/goal (10,0-20,0 million microbic bodies) since daily age within the first 5 days into 4 cycles with an interval of 7 days till the end of the cultivation period is established, that on organoleptic, physical and chemical, bacteriological indicators, and also biological value and harmlessness does not concede to meat of control group and is good-quality. In the literature there are data about influence of biologically active substances on growth and development of bird. Despite it, about influence of probiotical and immunostimulatory preparations as separately, and in a complex with probiotics, on an organism of chickens-broilers it is not enough data that induces carrying out of scientific research in the given direction. Simultaneous use of probiotics on the basis of an intestinal stick in rations of chickens-broilers is the perspective directions. Proceeding from it, working out of new effective ways of increase of chickens-broilers efficiency with a view of reception of ecologically pure and safe products of poultry farming is actual for poultry-farming economy of Belarus.
Show more [+] Less [-]Задачи зооспециалистов по профилактике нарушений обмена веществ у высокопродуктивных животных
2008
Zhuk, L.L., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
Definition of quality parameters and chemical composition of feeds, evaluation their nutritional value and composing on this basis optimal rations for high productive animals are the most significant conditions for their health and production. More often metabolism disorders registers in the conditions of intensive animal production, at high dairy efficiency and intensive fattening. At animals at disorder of key parameters of technology (unbalanced feeding, hypodynamia, lack of insolation) is broken metabolism, decreases natural resistance, goes down quality of production that conducts to disease, premature culling and to the compelled slaughter of animals. On frequency these diseases occupy on the average 10% from all noncontagious diseases, and on dairy complexes with industrial technology and in specialized feeding economy at intensive cultivation on their share it is necessary over 30% of a noncontagious pathology. Today the control of rations on such indicators, as dry matter level, quantity of exchange energy, the maintenance of a crude and digested protein, amino acids, sugars, starch, cellulose, fat, macro-and microelements, vitamins, and also sugar-energy-protein and calcium-phosphoric parities, acid-base balance has got special value. The lack of those or other nutrients causes infringement of a clinical condition of animals and reduces their efficiency. Among the most widespread diseases of the animals registered in animal industry: cattle ketosis, osteodystrophy, endemic struma, hypomagnesiemia tetany, pasturable tetany, microelementosis, hypovitaminoses A and Е.
Show more [+] Less [-]Низкоинтенсивное лазерное излучение красной области спектра при профилактике абомазоэнтеритов у телят
2008
Kozlovskij, A.N., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus) | Belko, A.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus) | Ivanov, V.N., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus) | Pajterova, V.V,, The Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I.Skryabin (Russian Federation)
The use of low intensive red spectrum laser radiation for prevention of abomasoenteritis in calves is effective method. As a result the increase of erythrocytes level and saturation of them with hemoglobin happens. Natural resistance with bactericide and lysozyme activity are going up phagocytosis of neutrophils is activated. The most successful method are magnet-laser radiation of blood and laser acupuncture. There was studied the low intensive red spectrum laser radiation for prevention of abomasoenteritis in calves. During the research it is established, that preventive efficiency at abomasoenteritis in the first trial group has made 80%, in the second and the third - 90%. As a result of the spent work high preventive efficiency of action of the low intensive red spectrum laser radiation is established at prescription of through-skin blood irradiations by the therapeutic laser in a combination to a constant magnetic field and as a result influences on biologically active points. Application of these ways allows to reduce level of disease of animal abomasoenteritis. As a result of physiotherapeutic influence there is content increase of erythrocytes in blood of calves and saturation their haemoglobin. Natural resistance with bactericide and lysozyme activity are going up phagocytosis of neutrophils is activated. The most successful method are magnet-laser radiation of blood and laser acupuncture. It is caused by that positive changes occurring in an organism, have been more brightly expressed and besides preventive and economic efficiency of these ways of irradiation also were at higher level. In the tabular form dynamics of morphological indicators at calves under the influence of laser radiation, dynamics of indicators of natural resistance at calves as a result of the laser therapy, some biochemical indicators of blood is presented at carrying out of research.
Show more [+] Less [-]Паразитоценозы плотоядных и их влияние на микрофлору кишечника
2008
Subbotin, A.M., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus) | Sandul, A.V., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus) | Krakovskij, I.V., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus) | Subbotina, I.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
In course of realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research there were studied the relations of the most widely spread helminthes and protozoan which infest in gastrointestinal tract of dogs with the normal microflora of small intestine and large intestine. Research results showed that in the conditions of single-agent infestation and associative parasitic disease of dogs caused by Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonine, Dipylidium caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Taenia sp., Isospora ochioensis, Isospora canis and Eimeria canis in small and large intestine of sick animals there was seldom stated the changes of quality and quantity composition of microflora. In the conditions of mixed agents infestation the microflora composition changed more intensively
Show more [+] Less [-]Совершенствование воздухообмена и теплового режима животноводческих помещений
2008
Kartashova, A.N. | Savchenko, S.V. | Lapina, E.U., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
During the sanitary-hygienic evaluation of livestock-rearing farm building (cow kennel and calf pens) by means of industrial and traditional technology there were revealed the infringements of constructive and exploit matter in ventilation system which proved to be the reason for formation of dissatisfactory stable climate. In case of the appropriate estimation, adherence to specification of ventilation construction and rather attentive attitude to the problem of ventilation regulation there could be obtained the positive results in optimization of air medium in animal husbandry houses. Support of air physical properties in livestock houses at the optimum hygienic level was possible only by means of ventilation and a choice of construction materials corresponding to the veterinary and hygienic requirements. The necessity of heat accumulation in livestock houses unites all mentioned above requirements. In some animal husbandry farms in the Republic of Belarus there was applied the mechanical ventilation. However, it was a great mistake to install only the air-moving device without heat exchanger installation. Therefore, an important point for optimization of microclimate livestock houses should be the determination of building thermal balance
Show more [+] Less [-]Эффективность различных способов создания микроклимата для поросят-сосунов
2008
Kuksa, I.M. | Kolesen, V.P., Grodno State Agrarian Univ. (Belarus)
In the pig enterprises of Belarus the most widespread sources of heat for pigs heating proved to be the infrared radiation lamps. In recent years there was stated the wide application of electric heated rugs of various designs or the electric heated floors. The special brooders, equipped with various sources of heat, passed the experimental check possibility of use for heating of pig houses. Their advantage was in decreasing of heat losses in the sleeping areas of pigs that demanded lower expenses of energy for heating of stores. However, till the present the effective brooder design, which could be convenient in use, cheap, easily sanitized and providing an optimum microclimate for piglets, was not offered for the production yet. Agricultural enterprise Kadehks has developed a design and the pre-production model of a warmed den for pigs under the name Logovo Dlya Porosyat UKhL-4 (Logovo). Application of brooder Logovo in combination with the warming plate made it possible to design more favorable mode for sleeping areas of pigs, to reduce preheating time of plates up to 10 days, to save (in comparison with incandescent lamps) up to 155 kw/h of electric power used for heating of pig sleeping area without decreasing their growth rate and safety. Application of the presented device in combination with heating plates made it possible to reduce the expenses for pig production and for the equipment of heating plates temperature regulators. Application of the differentiated heating mode with the possibility to deactivate the heating plates from the electric power sources after 10 days of the suckling period made it possible to lower the expenses for production of female socket of pigs
Show more [+] Less [-]Воспроизводительные особенности маточного поголовья помесей герефорд х черно-пестрой породы в сравнении с чистопородными черно-пестрыми сверстницами
2008
Linnik, L.M. | Zhdanova, A.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
Beef production in the Republic of Belarus could be competitive only in case of development of the specialized beef cattle breeding. Therefore, for the increasing of beef production and improvement of its quality in Belarus there was noted the necessity to use cattle beef breeds both in case of straightbred breeding, and in crossing with low income-earning Black-and-White cow stock. Research results showed that hybrid Gereford x Black-and-White breeds of the first and second filial generations showed higher reproductive abilities which were manifested in 105-120 days age reduction at the stage of the first insemination, 18-44 days reduction of service period, 0,07-0,1 times increasing of breeding efficiency index, 9,8-14,4% increasing of calf crop per 100 dams, and 14,4-16,4% increasing of young stock livability in comparison with the Black-and-White breeds calves. Research results showed that the non-heating season of the mongrel Gereford x Black-and-White heifer breeds of the first and second filial generations was 396-400 days, breeding efficiency index (rate of fertilization) - 1,29-1,32, breeding performance index - 85,4-90,0%, while for the at Black-and-White heifer breeds the same indices were 425 days, 1,29 and 75,6%, respectively
Show more [+] Less [-]Из опыта работы свиноводческого комплекса агрокомбината Восход Могилевской области
2008
Pinchuk, V.F., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
The organizational aspects of reproduction in a swine heard were featured, the productivity indices of the crossbred sows obtained through the crisscrossing of the Belarusian Large White, Belarusian Black and White and Estonian Bacon pig breeds were given. The duration of the gestation period for the sows of different origin was shown. The results of the realized experiment showed that at all stages of reproduction there was required the full-value feeding and the maintenance of animals, observance of terms of revealing of sexual hunting and timely insemination of sow. For the systematic increase of swine productivity for selection of replacement pigs for reproduction besides the standard indicators it was necessary to consider the duration of gestation period. In course of study there was stated the well-defined consistent pattern of increasing of pig average weight which were born from sows with the lengthened gestation period. Piglets with the standard and extended term of prenatal growth showed higher indices of body weight at a birth and surpassed their herd mates with the shortened duration of prenatal development on 8,6-10,5% (Р less 0,001). Heavy litter of pigs affected the intensity of their subsequent development. At the weaning stage the weight of 1 pig with the shortened prenatal development was 6,25 kg, and the weight of pigs with the standard and extended periods - 6,62 kg (Р less 0,001) and 6,89 kg (Р less 0,001), respectively and exceeded on 5,9% and 10,2%. The 3-month age pigs with the shortened prenatal development lag behind herd mates with the standard and extended period of prenatal development in the indices of growing capacity on 1,2-1,4 kg (4,0-4,6%). The same tendency was noted after fattening period
Show more [+] Less [-]Влияние качества ячменя и пшеницы в составе комбикормов на продуктивность свиней на откорме
2008
Khochenkov, A.A., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus)
In the process of monogastric animal feeding, including pigs, the special role is played by the quality of coarse grain crops as they compose 70-75% of swine ration structure. Determination of fodder productive effect on fattening swine was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The basis of the analyzed fodder was formed by fodder grain of extra fine grade. Research results showed the following: inclusion of extra fine grade barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) (chosen in accordance with the standard of the Republic of Belarus) into all-in-one mixed fodders SK-26 and SK-31 for fattening swine made it possible to obtain higher productive capacity of the experimental animals in comparison with the identical mixed fodders containing barley and wheat of other grades (chosen in accordance with All-Union State Standard 28672-90); in the experimental groups the average daily weight gain in course of the fattening period was on 34 grams higher, and the average selling weight of 1 head - on 4,1 kg than in the control group. Swine which were fed with the presented mixed fodders with grain extra fine grade showed fewer deviations from the rated value of metabolism (blood serum protein and its fractions, calcium, phosphorus, acid capacity) in comparison with the control groups
Show more [+] Less [-]Воспроизводительные качества свиноматок разных генотипов при использовании в промышленных комплексах
2008
Yatusevich, V.P. | Pinchuk, V.F. | Shishlo, M.V., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
Research of the reproductive qualities of sows of different genotypes depending on duration of gestation period was realized in the conditions of an industrial pig complex of the Republic of Belarus. In course of research there were analysed 500 sows and 1991 farrowings and was stated that only 61,4% sows had gestation period in the range of physiological standards (at the average -11,5 days). In 17,8% of sows the mentioned above parameter was on 1,6 days shorter and in 1/5 of all sows under investigation it was 0,6 days longer. A higher productive performance was marked in double-breed sows of a genotype (White Large x Belarusian Meaty) with the average gestation period of 114,2 days. There were no essential deviations marked in the duration of the gestation period depending on the ordinal number of farrowing, though for the third farrowing the duration of the gestation period made 114,8 days and was 0,2-0,4 days longer as compared with the first and the second farrowings
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