Research of possibility of application of sapropel (putrid mud) of the Chervonnoe lake (the Republic of Belarus) in diets of bred and milking sows as one of the ingredients of mixed fodders, as well as the evaluation of its influence of sow development and digestibility of nutritive elements were studied. Application of dry sapropel a source of energy, protein, mineral and vitamin nutritive elements for mixed fodder production rendered the positive influence on sows productive qualities: there was stated the increased number of born piglets on o,5 heads with a higher growing capacity; there was noted the increasing of coefficients of nutritive elements metabolism (crude protein – on 2,7%, crude fat – on 2,9%, free-nitrogen extracts – on 1,3%, and dietary fibre – jn 4,7%) with the simultaneous increasing of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous uptake by sows. Nutritional value of the analysed sapropel was 0,23 fodder units and 3,13 MJ of exchange energy per 1 kg of dry matter. Inclusion of 3% sapropel into mixed fodders for pregnant and suckling sows promoted the increasing of quantity of pigs at a birth, body weight of one pig to 3-week age and has ensured young growth with higher energy of growth. Use of sapropel in mixed fodders for sows makes active a metabolism and promotes increase of digestibility of the basic nutrients of a rations

Application of protein, vitamin and mineral supplement in diets of 1-3 months old calves in rate of 5% per weight instead of a part of sunflower cake, containing rape, peas, lupin and vitamid on a basis of halites, phosphite, phosphate, sapropel and a mineral-vitamin preparation in structure of grain forage against winter rations on the basis of rich in herbs hay (5%), milk (68%), mixed fodder (20%), whole grain (7%), and also summer rations with grass and legume mixture (7%), hay (1%), milk (65%), mixed fodder (20%), integral grain (7%) makes it possible to receive daily average weight gain of calves at level 833-867 grams at expenses of forages for 1 centner of weight gain on 3,3-3,4 сentner of forage units. Introduction into rations of the protein, vitamin and mineral supplement on the basis of local protein and mineral raw materials in number of 10% per weight in structure of mixed fodder for calves at the age of 3-6 months old against the background of winter diets with haylage (28%), mixed fodder (64%), molasses (8%), as well as summer diets with grass and legume mixture (30%), mixed fodders (66%), molasses (4%) makes it possible to receive daily average weight gains of calves on 944-967grams at expenses of forages of 4,0-4,1 сentner of forage units. Feeding of 1-6 months old calves with mixed fodders with inclusion of 5-10% of protein, vitamin and mineral supplement per weight with grain high-protein crops against the background of winter and summer diets with a ratio of the deconjugate protein to the non deconjugate one - 65:35 (in control group - 71:29) instead of sunflower cake makes it possible to receive the daily average weight gain at the level of 900-927 grams at expenses of forages 3,7-3,8 сentner per forage unit. Cost of presented mixed fodders decreases on 14%, and the cost price per 1 centner gain - on 7-8%

Activity of amylolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic enzymes in the content and mucosa of intestinal tract, alkaline phosphatase in mucosa of intestinal tract, as well as the determination of calcium and phosphorous concentration in gastro-intestinal tract of hens were analyzed in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Results of analysis of the obtained experiment results of laying hens of parental stock by influence of various vitamin-mineral additives were presented. The highest activity of amylolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic enzymes in 170-330 days old laying hens of Belarus-9 cross was marked in small intestine. There was stated the decreasing of enzymatic activity in proportion to removal from a stomach. At the same time, activity of alkaline phosphatase decreasds. Activity of alkaline phosphatase, proteolytic and starch-reducing enzymes in a mucous membrane of a duodenal gut was a bit higher than in mucosae of jejunal. Lipolytic enzymes showed high degree activity in mucosae of jejunal. Enzymic activity in large bowel was low. Addition of iodine-containing preparation Kajod into hen layer diets increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, of amylolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic enzymes in intestines. Enzymic activity of mucous intestines at hens of breed Plimutrok in process of removal from stomach decreased. In course of the period from 240 to 330-days old age the activity of studied enzymes in hen intestines decreased. Replacement of mineral additive Cockleshell by Pikumin did not render negative influences on changes in digestive enzyme activity. In 170-days old laying hens of Belarus-9 crossbreed the calcium content increased from the stomach to the small intestine, and then decreased in thick department. In the 200-days old hens the calcium concentration in a stomach increased in both groups and gradually decreased in the department of small intestine, but in rectum its quantity increased in both groups. In the period of intensive egg-laying (280 days) the general calcium content in thin department of intestines was less than in the stomach, later it increased in cecum and decreased in rectum. By the end of the experiment (330 days) the concentration of calcium in control group decreased from the stomach to the beginning of thick department of intestines, but in rectum its quantity increased. In experimental group the calcium content increased from a stomach to cecums and then decreased in rectum. In distribution of inorganic phosphorus in gastrointestinal tract departments at hens of various age groups the tendency to increase in its quantity in small intestine and the beginning of thick department of intestines, and then to reduction in rectum was observed. And at hens receiving premix Ajdeko, the phosphorus content, since 200-day age, was higher, than at hens receiving the basic ration

Belarus is included into number of the leading countries of the world which provide the increasing of the expansion rates of milk production and dairy products on a per capita basis. However, the agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Belarus annually spend approximately 800 thousand tons of whole milk that makes about 20% from the general milk yield for manufacturing expenditures in the process of livestock operation. The purpose of research was working out of a new premix structure and zootechnic requirements to its use in structure of milk replacer, produced on hydrodynamic installation. The optimum doses of amino acids, vitamins and mineral substances promoted the increasing of calves daily average weight gain during the dairy period on 5,4% (788,5 g instead of 748,1 g), reducing of expenses for forages per 1 kg of weight gain - on 6,5% (2,9 fodder units against 3,1 fodder units) and the decreasing of the prime cost production for fodder expenses - on 4,7%. There was presented the composition and nutritive value of the analysed whole milk replacer. Usage of local sources of protein-fatty raw materials of plant origin, and also secondary resources of processing of whole milk in the content of milk replacer for young cattle allows to completely refuse from expensive components delivered from abroad and to lower their cost

Comparative evaluation of the influence of cell-free probiotic preparation Laktimet and cellular probiotic Bifilak on productivity, livability, nonspecific response of suckling piglets in the early extrauterine life was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus.Application of both probiotics increased the productivity of suckling pigs, stimulated the processes of metabolism and natural protection of organism in the early postnatal period in the conditions of specialized pig breeding complexes. Research results showed, that application of brand new cell-free probiotic Laktimet exercised higher influence on suckling pigs. Application of Laktimet made it possibler to increase piglets body weight gain on 7,8%; piglet livability - on 6,7%; and application cellular probiotic preparation Bifilak - on 5,4% and 3,3%, respectively. The same tendency was noted during the analysis of indexes of cellular factors of organism protection. Bactericidal activity of blood serum of experimental animals changed both in connection with age, and under influence of probiotic preparations. During all studied periods the bactericidal activity of blood serum was authentically (P less than 0,05) above in experimental groups in comparison with a control group. At 20-days old piglets there was stated the strengthening of bactericidal activity of blood serum. Throughout all period of experiment the superiority of trial animals over control on indicators of lysozyme activity of blood serum was observed

There was studied a preventive efficiency of complex additive Felutsen and its influences on the metabolic status of pregnant dry cows and the indicators characterizing animal yield, received from these cows. Felutsen is the carbon-vitamin-mineral additive containing a complex of carbohydrates, vitamins A, D, Е, micro-and macro elements (sodium, chlorine, calcium (Сa), phosphorus, magnesium (Mg), sulfurs, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, selenium, iodine) in number of 300g/animal. At cows after calving metabolism disorders are caused by disorders of liver functional activity. Application of complex additive Felutsen to pregnant dry cow allows to carry out successfully preventive maintenance of metabolism disorders, including micro-and macro element metabolism. Use of Felutsen is effective preventive maintenance of pre-natal development disorders of calves, developments of oligotrophy in the postnatal period, raises safety and growth intensity of increase. The most considerable distinctions are revealed in group of cows at which the additive was applied in the form of a briquette to which there was an easy approach. In the tabular form the indicators characterizing the basic metabolic processes, an exchange of macro elements and microelements at cows are presented at application of this additive, and also body weight, disease and safety of the calves received from cows control and test groups. | Целью работы стало изучение профилактической эффективности комплексной добавки Фелуцен и её влияния на метаболический статус стельных сухостойных коров и показатели, характеризующие приплод, получаемый от этих коров. Фелуцен – это углеродно-витаминно-минеральная добавка, содержащая комплекс углеводов, витаминов А, Д, Е, микро- и макроэлементов (натрий, хлор, кальций (Сa), фосфор (Р), магний (Mg), серу, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, селен, йод) в количестве 300 г/животное. У коров после отёла нарушения метаболизма обуславливаются нарушениями функциональной активности печени. Применение комплексной добавки Фелуцен стельным сухостойным коровам позволяет успешно проводить профилактику обменных нарушений, в том числе и обмена макро- и микроэлементов. Использование Фелуцена является эффективной профилактикой нарушений внутриутробного развития телят, развития гипотрофии в постнатальный период, повышает сохранность и интенсивность роста приплода. Наиболее значительные различия выявлены в группе коров, у которых добавка применялась в виде брикета, к которому был свободный доступ. В табличной форме представлены показатели, характеризующие основные метаболические процессы, обмен макро- и микроэлементов у коров при применении этой добавки, а также живую массу, заболеваемость и сохранность телят, полученных от коров контрольной и опытных групп.

The immune status of chickens, pigs and calves depends on the content of protective factors in incubatory egg, mother colostrum and timely transfer to their posterity. At young growth in postnatal ontogenesis it is allocated three age immune deficiencies. The first is connected with untimely receipt transovarian and colostoral factors of the protection, the second is caused by an expenditure of passively transferred protective factors of protection and immaturity of own immune system. The third age immune deficiency arises at sharp transfer of young growth into new type of feeding and concerns, first of all, disorders of local protection of a digestive path. Timely application the probiotic enterobifidin, baktril-2, bifidoflorin, developed by Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine together with Institute of microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, microbic polysaccharides salmopul and vistimulin, received together with Vitebsk biofactory, and also diamiksan allows to prevent development of immune deficiencies and on their background gastroenteric and respiratory diseases of young growth, to stimulate animal growth and to improve quality of meat production, decrease economic efficiency and ecological safety, considerably allows to reduce application of antimicrobic preparations (antibiotics, Sulfanilamidum, Nitrofuranums, etc.) | Иммунный статус цыплят, поросят и телят зависит от содержания защитных факторов в инкубационном яйце, молозиве матерей и своевременной передаче их потомству. У молодняка в постнатальном онтогенезе выделяется три возрастных иммунных дефицита. Первый связан с несвоевременным поступлением трансовариальных и колостральных факторов защиты, второй обусловлен расходованием пассивно перенесенных защитных факторов защиты и незрелостью собственной иммунной системы. Третий возрастной иммунный дефицит возникает при резком переводе молодняка на новый тип кормления и касается, прежде всего, нарушения местной защиты пищеварительного тракта. Своевременное применение пробиотиков энтеробифидина, бактрила-2, бифидофлорина, разработанных Витебской государственной академией ветеринарной медицины совместно с Институтом микробиологии НАН Беларуси, сальмопула и витстимулина, совместно полученных с Витебской биофабрикой микробных полисахаридов, а также диамиксана позволяет профилактировать развитие иммунных дефицитов и возникающих на их фоне желудочно-кишечных и респираторных болезней молодняка, стимулировать рост животных и улучшать качество мясной продукции, повышать экономическую эффективность и экологическую безопасность, значительно сократить применение противомикробных препаратов (антибиотиков, сульфаниламидов, нитрофуранов и др.)

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the preventive efficiency of various forms of a complex additive Felutsen against polymicroelementoses of calf-bearing dry cows and its influence on some of biochemical blood indexes. Research results proved high prophylactic efficacy of various forms of the additive Felutsen against polyhypomicroelementoses of calf-bearing dry cows. Restoration of a microelement homeostasis of cows made it possible to normalize the functional activity of liver, to prevent development renal insufficiency and dystrophic changes in bone tissue. The most expressed metabolic changes in blood of calf-bearing dry cows were stated after application of the carbohydrate-mineral additive Felutsen-briquette universal. There was given the analysis of structure of studied forms of complex additive Felutsen; indexes of trace element metabolism in cows; indexes of protein metabolism and level of nonprotein nitrogen; indexes of blood characterizing the functional condition of liver and carbohydrate metabolism of cows; indexes of trace element metabolism in cows after the termination of application of the additive.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the antihelmintic characteristics of the preparative forms of marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre): herbal infusion, infusion, liquid, extract, pulvis. The research has shown that these preparative forms in the specified dozes had a rather high therapeutic efficiency against strongylatosis of gastro-intestinal tract of young ruminants. The highest therapeutic effect was rendered by a liquid extract of Comarum palustre after its administration to animals in a dose of 0,2 ml/kg twice with 24 hour interval. In this case during the strongylatoses of a gastroenteric tract the antiparasitic intensefficiency of sheep and cattle by the end of experience was 98,1% and 97,3% respectively, and antiparasitic extensefficiency was 90% for both kinds of animals. After herbal infusion application of Comarum palustre for animals (in a dose of 7 ml/kg of live weight before feeding once a day within 3 days continuously) by the end of the 14 day of the experiment made it possible to obtain intensefficiency of 70% for both animal species, and extensefficiency of 60% for sheep and 70% - at calves. Tincture application of marsh cinquefoil for animals in a dose of 1 ml/kg of live weight of twice with 24 hours interval, provided the intensefficiency of 85% for sheep and 84% - for cattle, and extensefficiency of 70% and 80%, respectively. In the conditions of application of a pulvis of marsh cinquefoil in a dose of 500 mg/kg of live weight twice with 24 hours interval, made it possible to obtain the 63,4% intensefficiency for sheep and 67,8% - for calves, and extensive efficiency - 50% and 40%, respectively.

Scientific and production examination of feed additive Semerik-Vita containing iodine and selenium was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by studying of its influence on production and economic indexes of laying hens and their products, as well as by studying of its influence on clinical state and biochemical blood indexes of poultry. Research results showed that application of feed additive Semerik-Vita made it possible to increase of egg producing ability intensity on 1,8 %, egg yield - on 2,4 % in the conditions of lowering of feeding expenses on 1,4 %. Application of the analyzed feed additive made it possible to obtain a new kind of eggs fortified with iodine, selenium, beta-carotene and vitamins (A, E, C, PP, B1, B2, pantothenic acid and folic acid). In eggs of poultry of experimental group the content of selenium increased in 2,1 times, iodone - in 1,5 times, vitamin E – in 3,9 times, beta-carotene – in 1,4 times, vitamin A – in 1,3 times, pantothenic acid – in 1,2 times, vitamin C – in 1,17 times, vitamin PP – in 1,4 times, vitamin B1 – in 1,5 times, vitamin V2 – in 1,4 times, folic acid - in 1,5 times in comparison with eggs of laying hens from the control group. Research results proved that application of Semerik-Vita did not render negative effect on the clinical indexes of laying hens. It made it possible to lower the content of urea acid in 1,7 times, as well as to increase the content of triglycerides in 2 times, cholesterol - in 2,4 times, magnesium - in 1,28 times