Objective-To compare and correlate B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonographic characteristics with the histologic findings of benign and malignant mammary tumors in dogs. Study Population-49 mammary tumors in 26 dogs. Procedures-Before excision, tumors were evaluated via B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography to assess size, echogenicity, echopattern, acoustic transmission, invasiveness, and vascularity. Paraffin-embedded microsections of the tumors were stained with H&E and examined for presence of necrosis, cysts, cartilage, bone, mineralization, invasion of surrounding tissue, and tissue heterogeneity. To assess vascularity, the number and distribution of vessels that were stained by the Verhoeff van Gieson technique were recorded. Results-Tumor echogenicity and echopattern on ultrasonographic images correlated with tissue heterogeneity detected histologically. Acoustic enhancement was correlated with the presence of necrotic or cystic areas. Tumor invasion into surrounding tissues as determined ultrasonographically did not correlate with the histologic findings. There was a significant correlation between the number of detected vessels and distribution of flow within the tumors determined via ultrasonographic and histologic examinations. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In canine mammary tumors, ultrasonographic characteristics appear to be correlated with histopathologic changes. Data suggest that ultrasonography may have an important role in the evaluation of mammary tumors in dogs, particularly in the evaluation of tissue composition and tumor vascularity.

A 7-year-old female Shih Tzu dog with lots of masses in the whole mammary gland was presented to the surgery department of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in the Cheju National University. After surgical excision. all mammary samples were referred to Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine. Grossly, masses were measuring up to 6.5 × 4 × 1 cm and on the cut surface of masses in right 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and left 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th mammary masses were well delineated and firm, sulphur yellow, solid round to oval shape. Microscopically, most neoplastic sweat glands were severely proliferated in dermis and subcutis. Most tubules were lined by round to oval shaped epithelium with eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei with high mitotic figures and severe central necrosis. The neoplastic epithelium also had PAS-positive diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules, but negative with Perls iron stain. The left 2nd mass was well delineated, and had several dark brown areas and yellowish white glittered areas. Mass was well circumscribed with dense connective tissue. Neoplastic areas contained irregular sized mammary gland with papillary grown luminal epithelial cells in single or double cells layer with mitotic figures and small amounts of proliferated myoepithelial cells. Proliferated myoepithelial cells also produced slightly basophilic mucinous materials. Based on the gross, histopathologic and special staining characteristics, this dog was diagnosed as 90% of apocrine sweat gland aenocarcinoma and 10% mammary complex adenomas in mammary masses. In our best knowledge, this is the first report for concurrent occurrence of apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma and mammary gland complex adenoma in mammary masses of the same dog.

A 10-year old female Yorkshire terrier with nasal discharge and swelling was referred to the local animal hospital. Abnormal mass of right nasal cavity was detected in physical examination and radiography. According to the radiographs of the head, there was an evidence of bony destruction in right nose. Oronasal fistula was detected in right maxillary canine teeth. After surgical excision, the sample of nasal mass was refereed to Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine in Jeju National University. Grossly, the enlarged mass was soft and 3 × 3 cm in size. Histopathologically, the neoplastic mass was composed of tubular to tubulopapillary structures which were lined by single to 6~7 layers of cuboidal to ciliated columnar cells. These neoplastic cells showed invasive tendency to adjacent normal parenchyma. They had uniform, round to oval nuclei, cytoplasm with small vacuoles and indistinct cellular margin. The number of mitotic figures was varied in different areas, ranged from 0 to 4 per high power field. Necrotic foci and infiltration of inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells also presented in the mass. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells demonstrated strong positive reaction for cytokeratin (CK) 18 but were negative for CK 7 and 8. Based on the gross, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, this mass was diagnosed as nasal adenocarcinoma originated from respiratory epithelium.

We attempted to define quantitative objective criteria for diagnosis of mammary adenoma and adenocarcinoma in dogs. To that end, correlation between diagnosis made by conventional histologic examination and morphometric descriptors, obtained by computerized histologic analysis, was assessed in biopsy specimens of mammary tissue from 63 dogs. We used 2 interactive computer procedures: one assessed mean nuclear perimeter, mean nuclear area, and circularity factor; and the other evaluated nuclear stratification and cell crowding. A data base was generated with 11 specimens from normal mammary tissue, 17 specimens from mammary adenoma, 18 specimens from low-grade mammary adenocarcinoma, and 15 specimens from mammary adenocarcinoma. The mean values of nuclear perimeter, nuclear area, nuclei per millimeter of basement membrane, and minimal distances from cells to basement membrane gradually increased from normal to high-grade malignancy. Distributions of nuclear areas and of minimal distances from cells to basement membrane were shifted in specimens from malignant tumors. Multivariate analysis confirmed the homogeneity of the diagnostic groups.

Beagles were exposed to aerosols of (239)PuO2, (238)PuO2, or (239)Pu(NO3)4. Exponential growth constants for 50 primary lung tumors (23 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, 22 papillary adenocarcinomas, 5 adenosquamous carcinomas) were calculated in 37 dogs, using sequential thoracic radiography. A wide range in doubling time (6 to 287 days) was observed. Mean +/- SEM doubling time was 93 +/- 10 days for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 107 +/- 13 days for papillary adenocarcinoma, and 101 +/- 36 days for adenosquamous carcinoma. Lung tumor growth rate in dogs was comparable to that in human patients with similar histologic tumor types. Linear regression analysis revealed significant (P less than or equal to 0.0001) correlation between doubling time and survival of individual dogs. Doubling time was not significantly dependent on tumor type, sex, age at time of diagnosis, initial lung deposition, or isotope. Extrapolating time to tumor onset from tumor doubling time cannot be used to reliably predict the onset of malignancy.

The present study was carried out to observe the histopathological changes in the lung of A/J, C57BL/6N, DBA/2 and NIH-GP mice intratracheally instillated with benzo(a)pyrene or urethan. In the group of intratracheal instillation with benzo(a)pyrene and charoal powder, squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas were induced. Tumors were induced in high incidence in the lung of A/J and C57BL/6N mice. Especially, squamous cell carcinomas were induced in high incidence and were well-differentiated in the lung of A/J mice

Adrenalectomy is the most appropriate treatment for unilateral adrenal tumors. This study aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics and perioperative behavior of canine patients submitted to adrenalectomy at Anhembi Morumbi Veterinary Hospital. Out of 13 dogs, eight were pure breeds and five were mixed breeds; 12 females, aged 9.5 ± 2.5 years old. Regarding the tumors, seven were located on the right and histopathological analysis revealed cortical adenoma in 11 and adenocarcinoma in only two dogs. Two cases had hypercortisolism recurrence associated with hyperplasia in the contralateral adrenal, as confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. The results of this study indicate that adrenalectomy is a safe procedure with few perioperative complications, despite the possibility of hypercortisolism recurrence.