Objective: To evaluate the incidence, etiology and progression of Pigmentary keratitis in dogs. Materialsand Methods: A total of 83 corneas from 55 dogs of different breeds, sex and age were selected for the study. Signalment, anamnesis, nature of discharge and duration of illness was collected from all the animals.The progression of pigmentation was assessed by dividing the cornea in to four quadrants. Pigmentation grading, extent of pigmentation and mean pigment density were calculated by dividing the cornea in to 24 sectors. Schirmer tear test (STT), fluorescein dye test (FDT), tonometry, and slitlamp biomicroscopy and Cornealimpression cytology were done. Results: Among the 55 animals, 51 dogs were Chinese Pug (92.7%) and the mean age was 33.13 ± 3.12 months. Among 55 animals, 28 were females (50.9%) and left cornea was affected in 44 animals (53.01%). The mean duration of the disease as noticed by the owner was 07.21 ± 0.65 months.Most of the owners were totally unaware about the condition of the eye. Among 83 corneas, 40 (35%) showed pigmentation in all the sectors. 29 animals (53%) wereaffected with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) followed by 13 animals (24%) affected with entropion. The mean value of random blood sugar was 107.84 ± 0.99 and the mean intraocular pressure in the animals under the study was 40.64 ± 2.38. The mean value of pigmentation grading,extent of pigmenta ion and mean pigment density was 32.59 ± 2.27, 15.67 ± 0.83 and 1.37 ± 0.07 respectively. The mean value of Schirmer tear test was 10.31 ± 0.58 andunder high power microscopy, Leishman’s stained corneal impression cytology revealed infiltration of neutrophils in all the slides. Conclusion: It was concludedthat Chinese pugs under the age of 3 years are mostly affected and females and left eye is mostly affected. All the animals with pigmentation is having KCS.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cyclophospaide(CY) on dietynitrosamine(DEN)-induced hepatic tumors in rats. Thirty five male of femal Sprague Dawley rats were continiously given water containing O.01% DEN for 10 weeks and then were give with CY 25mg/rat/day in water for 3, 5, 7 or 9 days. The livers of rats were removed and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. The appearances of positive cells by immunohistochemical methods using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody, p53 antibody and apoptotic kit were investigated. The livers of rats given with CY were grossly brilliant, red-brown color, flexible, and thin border, and stainability of the liver cells were restored microscopically, and the vaccuolated and degenerated regions were differentiated from restored regions. These restored findings also were advanced in control group becouse of no DEN treatment but tended to be less avanced. In immunohistochemistry, positive cells to PCNA antibody appeared more numerous in control groups than that of CY treated groups. Appearance of positive cells in CY-treated group for 7 days and for 9 days were more numerous than those of CY-treated groups for 3 days and for 5 days, respectively. So these findings suggested that CY suppressed cell proliferations and effects of these action were decreased with CY-treated days. The numbers of positive cells to PCNA antibody were more prominent in hepatocelular carcinoma regions and cholangiocarcinoma regions, and then were ranked as order of large liver cell regions and normal liver cell regions. Also the numbers of the positive cells by apoptotic kit tended to be higher in hepatocelular carcinoma regions and cholangiocarcinoma regions but not uniformly in order in all regions nd were much less numbers than those of OCNA positive cells. So immunohistochemical methods using PCNA antibody together than using apoptotic kit alone when anti-carcinogen experiments. Rats with positive cells by p53 antibody were 11 of 15 rats(73.4%) in control groups and 12 of 18 rats(66.7%) in CY treated group, respectively. These positive cells appeared focally in early vacuole-occurring regions and were low in numbers.

From July of 1997 to June of 1998, total 279 raw milk samples over wkthdarwal period after mastitis treatment from dairy farms located in the provinces of Kyonggi and Choongchung were collected to test drug residues. Each sample was tested by TTC-II test and Delvotest SP. Among the total 152 raw milk samples of cow treated by beta-lactams, 32 samples(21.2%) were positive on the Delvotest and 15 samples(9.9%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. Also, from the total 37 samples treated by sulfonamides, 5 samples(13.5%) were positive on the Delvotest and 3 samples(8.1%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. For the total 55 raw milk samples of cow treated by tetracyclines, 9 samples(16.4%) were positive on the Delvotest and 5 samples(9.1%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. In addition, from the total 35 samples treated by aminoglycosides, 7 samples(20.0%) were positive on the Delvotest and 5 samples(14.3%) showed positive on the TTC-II test. Our study shows that it is possible that drugs are to be detected by the drug residues test of and individual raw milk even over the withdrawal period after mastitis treatment and the raw milk of bulk tank.

Objective-To validate a radioimmunoassay for measurement of procollagen type III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP) concentrations in canine serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and investigate the effects of physiologic and pathologic conditions on PIIINP concentrations. Sample Population-Sera from healthy adult (n = 70) and growing dogs (20) and dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF; 10), cardiomyopathy (CMP; 12), or degenerative valve disease (DVD; 26); and sera and BALF from dogs with chronic bronchopneumopathy (CBP; 15) and healthy control dogs (10 growing and 9 adult dogs). Procedure-A radioimmunoassay was validated, and a reference range for serum PIIINP (S-PIIINP) concentration was established. Effects of growth, age, sex, weight, CRF, and heart failure on S-PIIINP concentration were analyzed. In CBP-affected dogs, S-PIIINP and BALF-PIIINP concentrations were evaluated. Results-The radioimmunoassay had good sensitivity, linearity, precision, and reproducibility and reasonable accuracy for measurement of S-PIIINP and BALF-PIIINP concentrations. The S-PIIINP concentration reference range in adult dogs was 8.86 to 11.48 microgram/L. Serum PIIINP concentration correlated with weight and age. Growing dogs had significantly higher S-PIIINP concentrations than adults, but concentrations in CRF-, CMP-, DVD-, or CBP-affected dogs were not significantly different from control values. Mean BALF-PIIINP concentration was significantly higher in CBP-affected dogs than in healthy adults. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In dogs, renal or cardiac disease or CBP did not significantly affect S-PIIINP concentration; dogs with CBP had high BALF-PIIINP concentrations. Data suggest that the use of PIIINP as a marker of pathologic fibrosis might be limited in growing dogs.

Two-day old house fly adults were exposed to six insect growth regulators, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, diflubenzuron, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, as a feed additive (milk + 5% sugar + chemical) in the laboratory for 6 days. The number of eggs deposited by the exposed-adults, viability of the eggs, and F1 larval development were checked. All the IGRs tested were found to have no adverse effect on the reproduction of house fly, except methoxyfenozide (210ppm). The most effective inhibitor to egg hatch was flufenoxuron, followed by teflubenzuron, triflumuron, and diflubenzuron. Exposure to flufenoxuron (over 5ppm), teflubenzuron (over 25ppm), triflumuron (over 125ppm), and diflubenzuron (over 125ppm) reduced egg hatchability to 0 to 1.3%, but lower concentrations of these IGRs were less effective (6.3 to 46.3% egg hatchability). Almost all the larvae emerged from eggs deposited by the adults exposed to diflubenzuron (62.5ppm) and teflubenzuron (12.5ppm) failed to develop into pupae, causing total mortalities of 98% and 100%, respectively. However, two IGRs, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, did not inhibit egg hatch and F1 larval development, except methoxyfenozide (210ppm) treatment. These results suggest that these 4 IGRs may be used in the development of autosterilization system for house fly control. However, further work is required to develop delivery systems capable of transferring an effective dose to the fly under field conditions.

This study was performed to evaluate anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone and medetomidine/midazolam as preanesthetics and their combinations with antagonists in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Eight clinically healthy dogs(4.54+_2.16kg) were used at the interval of more than 14 days between experiments in turn for propionyl promazine(PP 0.3mg/kg, IM), xylazine/fentanyl/azaperone(XFA 2mg/kg, 0.0137mg/kg, 0.11mg/kg, IM), medetomidine/midazolam(MM 0.02mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, IM), combination of XFA and their antagonists (yohimbine 0.05mg/kg, naloxon 0.0005 mg/kg, IV) and combination of MM and their antagonist(atipamezole 0.08mg/kg IM). The sedation induction times in XFA(2.56+_1.01 min) and MM(5.44+_2.07 min) groups were sighificantly better than that of PP group(10.75+_2.38 min)(p0.05). The thiopental sodium dose required for tracheal intubation in XFA(2.38+_3.38mg/kg) and MM(3.91+_3.47mg/kg)groups were significantly less than that of PP group(12.57+_2.13mg/kg)(p0.05). All time indices expressing the recovery(pedal refles recurrence time, extubation time, arousal time, standing time and walking time) were significantly shorter in the combination groups of XFA or MM with their antagonistis than in PP, XFA and MM groups(p0.05). The suppressions of cardiovascular function of XFA and MM were more than that of PP. Heart rate and cardiac output were recovered by the antagonists of XFA and MM, but mean arterial pressure were not recovered by the antagonists.

In the present study, effects of different doses of dietary Cu and Zn suplementation on plasma biochemical parameters in broilers were investigated. In this study, a total of 430 avian broiler chicks were used and divided into 12 groups as control and treatment groups in which different doses of Cu, Zn and Cu+Zn supplemented

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed data on studying the species specificity of anatomic and topographic characteristics of the most important component of neuroimmunoendocrine system providing body homeostasis - thymus gland of 5-6 year-old European beavers (Myocastor coypus). As a result of studies taking into consideration the sexual dimorphism there was formed a database of morphometric indexes characterizing the degree of development of left and right lobes of thymus gland of European beavers, as well as to reveal their species-specific anatomic and topographic characteristics correlating with processes typical for age-specific and accidental involution.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the influence of different rates of lithium addition into mixed fodders for sows feeding on hematological indexes and their reproductive qualities. In course of the study there was analyzed the dynamics of body weight of sows over the reproductive period; indexes of productivity of sows (number of born piglets; weight of 1 piglet; litter weight; weight of weanling piglets; number of weanling piglets; etc.); hematological indexes of sows; state of humoral factors of immunity of sows. Research results showed that in case of lithium application in diets of sows there was stated an improvement of hematological indexes and immunity functions and resistance. The optimal level of lithium in rations was 15 milligram per 1 kilogram of dry matter of a diet. This dose essentially promoted the increasing of reproductive performance, piglets weight and milking capacity of sows as well as better viability of piglets.