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Postadulticide pulmonary hypertension of canine heartworm disease: successful treatment with oxygen and failure of antihistamines.
1990
Rawlings C.A. | Tackett R.L.
Postadulticide pulmonary hypertension mechanisms and treatment with antihistamines and supplemental oxygen were studied in eight dogs with heartworm disease. To ensure severe postadulticide thromboembolism, additional heartworms (either 20 or 40 into 4 dogs each) were transplanted into naturally infected dogs before thiacetarsamide treatment. During pentobarbital anesthesia, 2 pulmonary hemodynamic studies were conducted on each dog with a sequence of baseline, hypoxia with FlO2 = 10%, hyperoxia with FlO2 = 100%, a second baseline, treatment with either diphenhydramine (D) or cimetidine (C), and another hypoxia. All dogs were pulmonary hypertensive, with each dog having a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA) greater than 20 mm of Hg. Mean PPA increased from baseline conditions (25.0 +/- 4.5 SD for D and 24.3 +/- 4.4 for C) to hypoxia (28.5 +/- 4.7 for D and 28.4 +/- 3.7 for C), and decreased during hyperoxia (16.9 +/- 3.0 for D and 17.4 +/-3.0 for C), respectively. Neither antihistamine reduced PPA at normoxia. The degree of pulmonary hypertension when breathing room air increased even more during hypoxia, and this increase was not attenuated by either antihistamine. Histamine did not appear to mediate pulmonary hypertension during postadulticide thromboembolism, nor to modify the hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension at this disease stage. Because baseline PO2 was low (66.6 +/- 11.7 mm of Hg for D and 69.4 +/- 14.2 for C) and because PPA decreased during administration of oxygen, the pulmonary hypertension was mostly hypoxia-induced. In addition to the arterial lesions, much of the pulmonary hypertensive mechanism was an active and reversible vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia caused by the secondary lung disease. Supplemental oxygen to dogs with pulmonary hypertension could reduce PPA and right ventricular afterload. This study supports the use of oxygen, but not antihistamine drugs, in the treatment of postadulticide heartworm disease in dogs that are hypoxic, with signs of congestive heart failure or dyspnea.
Show more [+] Less [-]Efficacy of triclabendazole against experimentally induced Fascioloides magna infections in sheep.
1989
Foreyt W.J.
Efficacy of oral administration of 20 mg of triclaben-dazole/kg of body weight was evaluated against 12-week Fascioloides magna infections in 12 sheep, each inoculated orally with 250 viable metacercariae. From 6 sheep treated with triclabendazole, 1 immature F magna was recovered, whereas 116 F magna with a mean length of 19 +/- 6.5 mm were recovered from 6 untreated control sheep. Efficacy of triclabendazole was 99.14%. Signs of toxicosis or illness were not observed in the sheep.
Show more [+] Less [-]Detection of anthelmintic resistance in aturally occurring gastrointestinal nematodes in unorganized sheep farms.
2011
Buttar, B. S. | Rai, H. S. | Singh, N. K. | Jyoti | Kaur, A | Rath, S S
Anthelmintic resistance against commonly used anthelmintics (ivermectin, levamisole, morantel and fenbendazole) was studied in naturally occurring gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in adult sheep of unorganized sheep farms of district Ludhiana (Punjab). After qualitative and quantitative screening of faeces of 100 sheep, fifty sheep having eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) 500 were randomly selected and divided into five equal groups. Ivermectin @ 200 ìg/kg body weight and levamisole @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight, injected subcutaneously, in two different groups, were 99.08 and 98.17 per cent effective,respectively. Whereas, fenbendazole @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight and morantel citrate @ 6.0 mg/kg body weight, orally was 66.28 and 95.41 per cent effective and the fifth group was kept as untreated control with natural exposure to gastrointestinal nematodes. Hence, it was concluded that the naturally occurring GI nematodes of sheep were susceptible for ivermectin and levamisole, suspected for resistance against morantel citrate and were resistant to fenbendazole.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of coopane, systamex and rintal on haemagglutination inhibition titre induced by live newcastle disease vaccine
1988
Zulfiqar, M. | Raza-ul-Haq | Mateen, G. | Iqbal, H. (Veterinary Research Inst., Lahore (Pakistan))
A survey on the occurrence of resistance to anthelmintics of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in Mozambique
2002
Atanasio, A. (Pretoria Univ., Onderstepoort (South Africa). Veterinary Tropical Diseases Dept.) | Boomker, J. | Sitoe, C.
Anthelmintic resistance in South Africa: Surveys indicate an extremely serious situation in sheep and goat farming
1999
Van Wyk, J.A. (Pretoria Univ., Onderstepoort (South Africa). Dept. of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Stenson, M.O. | Van der Merwe, J.S. | Vorster, R.J. | Viljoen, P.G.
Solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination of levamisole hydrochloride in sheep plasma
1996
Du Preez, J.L. | Lotter, A.P. (Potchefstroom Univ. for Higher Christian Education (South Africa). Research Inst. for Industrial Pharmacy)
A survey on anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in Lusaka, Zambia
2001
Gabriel, S. | Phiri, I.K. (Zambia Univ., Lusaka (Zambia). Clinical Studies Dept.) | Dorny, P. | Vercruysse, J.
Strategic control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the highlands of central Kenya
2002
Maingi, N. (Nairobi Univ. (Kenya). Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology Dept.) | Otieno, R.O. | Gichohi, V.M. | Weda, E.H.
Refugia - overlooked as perhaps the most potent factor concerning the development of anthelmintic resistance
2001
Van Wyk, J.A. (Pretoria Univ., Onderstepoort (South Africa). Veterinary Tropical Diseases Dept.)