Diarrhoea in growing-finishing pigs is a common problem of commercial pig farms. Among many causative factors, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one considered an important pathogen in modern pig production. The aim of the study was to verify if PCV2 was responsible for antibiotic non-responsive diarrhoea and wasting in pigs. A total of 13 dead pigs aged between 12 and 15 weeks from three Polish farms with persistent herd symptoms suggestive of PCV2 infection were provided for evaluation. Sections of lymph nodes and intestines were analysed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for PCV2 and histopathological examination. Faeces and intestinal scrapings were tested for Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae by real-time PCR and for parasitic infection by flotation and decantation. ISH and histopathological examination showed that all pigs were PCV2 systemic disease negative. Swine dysentery was confirmed by real-time PCR on two farms, and proliferative enteropathy on one farm. In histological examinations, erosions of the caecal and colonic mucosa were found, together with cysts and trophozoites of Balantidium coli. The protozoa were present in the intestinal lumen and mucosa. B. coli cysts were identified in faeces from all examined pigs. These results suggest that monitoring of B. coli infections should be an additional measure of control and prevention of gastrointestinal tract disorders in modern swine husbandry.

Objective: This study aimed to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from broiler samples from Sukabumi, Indonesia. Also, antibiogram studies of the isolated bacteria were carried out consid¬ering the detection of the antibiotic resistance genes. Materials and Methods: Cloaca swabs (n = 45) were collected from broilers in Sukabumi, Indonesia. Isolation and identification of E. coli were carried out according to standard bacterio¬logical techniques and biochemical tests, followed by confirmation of the polymerase chain reac¬tion targeting the uspA gene. Antibiotic sensitivity test, using several antibiotics [tetracycline (TE), oxytetracycline (OT), ampicillin (AMP), gentamicin (CN), nalidixic acid (NA), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), chloramphenicol, and erythromycin] was carried out following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance coding genes was carried out by PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers. Statistical analysis was carried out with one-way anal¬ysis of variance. Results: The results showed that 55.6% (25/45) of the samples were associated with the pres¬ence of E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the E. coli isolates were resistant to TE (88%; 22/25), OT (88%; 22/25), AMP (100%; 25/25), CN (64%; 16/25), NA (100%; 22/25), CIP (88%; 22/25), ENR (72%; 18/25), chloramphenicol (0%; 0/25), and erythromycin (92%; 23/25). On the other hand, the antibiotic resistance coding genes were tetA (86.4%; 19/22), blaTEM (100%; 25/25), aac(3)-IV (0%; 0/16), gyrA (100%; 25/25), and ermB (13%; 3/23). It was found that chlor¬amphenicol is markedly different from other antibiotic treatment groups. Conclusion: Escherichia coli was successfully isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler in Sukabumi, Indonesia. The bacteria were resistant to TE, OT, AMP, CN, NA, CIP, ENR, and erythromycin. Chloramphenicol was more sensitive and effective than other antibiotics in inhibiting the growth of E. coli. The antibiotic resistance genes detected were tetA, blaTEM, gyrA, and ermB. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(1.000): 84-90]

The researcher’s attention nephrotoxicity from antibiotics (as aminoglycosides), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antifungals, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Several drugs have resulted in produce an adverse effect on kidneys. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which leads to the conversion of Angiotensin-I to Angiotensin-II in vascular tissues. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect on serum angiotensin converting enzyme of the amikacin. In this study, two different groups were formed as control (10 rats / Wistar-albino female) and experimental group (30 rats / Wistar-albino female). The experimental group was administered 15 mg/kg amikacin intraperitoneally (ip) for 14 days, and the control group was administered saline solution at the same rate.When the groups are compared according to the statistical results, it is seen that there is a significant increase in ACE activity of the experimental group compared to the control group (p˂0.001).As a result, it was determined that amikacin administered increased serum ACE activity and it was concluded that it may be useful to investigate the possibilities to evaluate it as a risk factor and indicator in the development of hypertension.