Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production that still enzootic in livestock in many developing countries including Egypt. This study was conducted with the general objective of establishing the bacteriological status of bovine brucellosis in 15 governorates in Egypt during 2020-2021 to determine the circulating Brucella species on bacteriological and molecular basis. Clinical samples collected included milk or udder secretions, vaginal discharges, fetal membranes and stomach contents of aborted fetuses from dairy cows with history of brucellosis. In addition, lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, prescapular, prefemoral, internal iliac and supramammary) from carcasses of serologically positive animals were obtained from different localities for isolation and identification of Brucella organisms. A total of 136 Brucella isolates were recovered from cattle in different governorates, Egypt. These include, 107 isolates of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 identified on bacteriological and molecular basis from Aswan, Beheira, Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Fayoum, Gharbia, Giza, Ismailia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Luxor, Monufia, Port Said, Qalyubia and Sharqia governorates. On the other hand, 29 Brucella abortus biovar 1 isolates were recovered from cattle from Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Monufia, Port Said and Sharqia governorates. Molecular identification using primer sequences targeting IS711 gene confirmed Brucella on genus level. Multiplex PCR has amplified four fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, 1071 bp, and1682 bp characteristic for B. melitensis biovar 3, and three fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, and 1682 bp for B. abortus biovar 1. The identification of Brucella spp. in different farm animals of 15 Egyptian governorates highlights the dynamics and role of cattle in dissemination of Brucella infection all over the country. The obtained results indicate that the actual Brucellosis status during the years 2020 and 2021 refers to that B. melitensis biovar 3 and B. abortus biovar 1 are the prevalent types circulating in different Egyptian governorates.

The objective of this work was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis among camel obtained from El Shalateen area, Red Sea governorate.  Identification of   Brucella isolates, from naturally infected slaughtered camel, using bacteriological and molecular methods to identify the prevalent field strain in camels. This investigation was carried out on 470 camels during the period from July 2020 to June 2021 in El Shalateen area, Red Sea governorate, Egypt using Modified Rose Bengal plate test (mRBPT), Immunochromatographic Assay (ICA) and further confirmation by complement fixation test (CFT) for evaluation of the seroprevalence of camel brucellosis and characterization of Brucella microorganism on bacteriological and molecular basis. The results revealed that the seroprevalence was 10.9%, 8.9%, and 8.5% using mRBPT, ICA and CFT, respectively. The results revealed that there is a highly significant association between brucellosis diagnosed by mRBPT and CFT and the age of the camel. The highest percentage of seropositivity was recorded in older camels > 6y, (p-value < 0.0001). While brucellosis by ICA showed a significant relationship with age (P < 0.05). But there was a non-significant association between brucellosis diagnosed by mRBPT, ICA, and CFT and the sex of the camel, (P > 0.05). The results also revealed that the sensitivity was 100% for mRBPT and ICA While the specificity was 97.44% and 99.53% for mRBPT and ICA, respectively using CFT as the gold standard test. Brucella isolation was 6.7% isolated from costocervical and precrural lymph nodes, liver spleen, and testicles which were identified biochemically as Brucella melitensis biovar 3. DNA extraction and PCR amplification from isolates revealed 5 out of 5 isolates with a molecular size of 282 bp identified as Br. melitensis DNA. In conclusion, ICA can be used as a rapid screening and confirmatory test for the diagnosis of camel brucellosis. Besides, CFT is still a gold standard test because of its balance between sensitivity and specificity.

Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) infection is considered one of the highly contagious diseases causing pneumonia in bovine with devastating economic setbacks globally. Recently, inappropriate usage of antimicrobial in treatment and control makes P. multocida resistance to the most prescribed veterinary antibiotics. The current study aimed to detect P. multocida in apparently healthy and diseased (170) cattle and (174) buffalo in four Egyptian governorates, defined some of epidemiological aspect, phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance of P. multocida strains. The overall prevalence in examined cattle and buffalo was 21.2%. The   highest infection was in young male (41.5%) in Cairo governorate (24.5%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test of P. multocida isolates showed high prevalence of multi-drug resistance to more than one antimicrobial group as high resistance was recorded against Penicillin-G, Ampicillin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but sensitive to cefquinome. The antimicrobial resistant pattern was confirmed by detection of four antimicrobial resistance genes (tetH, ermX, blaROB1 and aphA1) in four phenotypically drug resistance isolates. The four isolates revealed positive results for resistance genes by PCR assay except one isolate was negative for ermX gene. The result confirms the necessity of reliable use of antimicrobials to avoid the development drug resistance and decrease the economic losses in animal production.