In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were studied biochemical indexes of calf blood serum against the background of application of probiotic preparations Bilavet C. Results of research showed that administration of probiotic preparations from the first day till the six day and from the fourteenth day till the nineteenth day of calf life with the preventive purpose rendered the simulative influence on indexes of natural resistance, which were accompanied with the increasing of total protein quantity in blood on 2,9-5,9%, as well as the increasing of protein fractions, in particular, globulin-rich fraction on 4,2-6,4%. Administration of probiotic preparation Bilavet С to calves rendered the positive influence on blood biochemical indexes, promoted the uptaking and better accumulation of mineral substances: content of crude calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, iron increased on 15,3%, 10,5%, 13,2% and 3,6%, respectively.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were studied circadian rhythms of some haemotological and biochemical blood indexes of clinically healthy calves and calves with a respiratory syndrome. There was analyzed the efficiency of administration a new complex mineral preparation CMP for correction of internal desynchronoses in complex therapy of calves with respiratory pathologies. Diseases of calves with a respiratory syndrome were accompanied by infringements of circadian fluctuations rhythm (internal desynchronosis) of haemotological and biochemical blood indexes. Application of an antimicrobial preparation Ampicillin for treatment of respiratory diseases of calves promoted the recovery of calves. Introduction of CМP preparation into therapeutic regimen of calves with respiratory syndrome proved to be rather effective; it promoted the correction of metabolic desynchronoses which accompanied the basic disease. Combined application of CМP and Ampicillin made it possible to speed up the clinical recovery of calves and on 30% to prevent animal mortality.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied a comparative efficacy of methods of drug administration for diseased animals with respiratory diseases. It was stated that enteral (internal) administration of Tromexin in a complex therapy of calves with respiratory pathology possesses rendered low therapeutic efficacy and could have a lethal outcome. Parenteral (intramuscular) administration of Enrotil and Dexafort for a complex therapy of calves with respiratory pathology rendered a moderate therapeutic efficacy and could lead to animal's state improvement. Parenteral (intravenous) administration of hypertonic solutions of norsulfazol, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and glucose in complex therapy of calves diseased with a respiratory pathology proved to render a high therapeutic efficacy and may lead in a complete clinical recovery.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized the evaluation of genetic inheritance indexes of producing bulls at a cattle breeding enterprise in Belarus depending on a selection source (in accordance with an average productivity of female ancestors) in order to use them properly for the increasing of genetic potential of black-and-white Belarusian cows in Gomel region. The carried out analysis allowed to draw a conclusion, that bulls of national breeding lines according to the indexes of cow milk yields concede foreign bulls, i.e. delivered of Sweden on 2744 kg of milk or on 27,5% and from Russia and Hungary - on 1272-2906 kg of milk or 12,7-29,1% (Р less than 0,001). In accordance with butter-fat yielding capacity of bull mothers obtained at breeding farms of Belarus and in accordance with groups delivered from the other countries there were stated no essential distinctions (0,05). Butter-fat yielding capacity percentage of bull mothers varied within 3,99-4,10%. However, the yield of dairy fat per lactation the difference was in favour of bull mothers delivered from Sweden (114 kg or 27,9%) at P less than 0,001. Distinctions on milk producing ability of bull mothers from various cattle breeding enterprises of Belarus were revealed. It was established, that at mothers of bulls delivered from Hungary the variability of milk yield was the highest (3032 kg or 23%). Low variability indexes of milk yield and butter-fat yielding capacity percentage was typical for bull mothers of the Belarusian selection. The standard deviation at them made 872 kg of milk yield with 9% variability coefficient, and 0,03% - for butter-fat yield and 7% respectively. Variability on all indicators of dairy efficiency of bull mothers from various cattle breeding enterprises of Belarus in most of the cases was low - from 2,3 to 13%.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed indices of impregnating ability and efficiency of stud bull mothers of various genotypes on a kappa-casein gene (CSN3). As a result of genotyping of kappa-casein gene by DNA-diagnostics method it is revealed three genotypes - CSN3АА, CSN3AB, CSN3BB. Frequency of occurrence of homozygous genotype CSN3AA at stud bulls - 87,3%; heterozygotic CSN3AB - 20,5%; homozygous CSN3BB - 1,2%. Statistically authentic difference between these indices depending on a genotype it is not established. Thus, authentic connection between indices of impregnating ability and efficiency of stud bull mothers and their genotype on a locus of a kappa-casein gene that specifies in absence of influence of the last on the given indices is not established and gives the chance to conduct selection on gene CSN3 without decrease in breeding value of stud bulls on reproductive qualities.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the interrelation between content of major nutrient elements (calcium and phosphorous) and trace elements (iron, copper, cobalt, and manganese) in forages and blood of first-calf cows at the first and last stages of lactation. Also, there were developed formulas of mixed forages and a premix for these animals. The studies were realized at the Agricultural Production Co-operative Olgovskoe of Vitebsk region (Belarus). Research of analysis of forages and state of mineral metabolismat heifers made it possible to draw following conclusions: in cow rations there was marked the deficiency of vitamin D, as well as some trace elements (cobalt and manganese) in the conditions of calcium and phosphorus excess. In spite of a high content in a calcium in diets, it was noted than in blood plasma the concentration of this element was below the standard for the majority of animals. Lack of cobalt and manganese of whole blood of cows was connected with a low level of these elements in cow diets. The surplus contents of copper in forages and blood of animals against the background low activity of ceruloplasmin the weakened antioxidant defense of heifer cows. For preventive treatment of possible hypo trace element deficiencies and metabolic disorders of heifer cows at the final stage of lactation there can be recommended the correcting of cow diets with inclusion into their composition of the developed for compound of mixed fodder and premix.

On the basis of the spent research high enough preventive efficiency of Ehrakond application, low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field is defined that allows to recommend them for wide application in the program of immunocorrection of an organism of agricultural animals. At the first stage of the research in immune deficiency when in blood of newborn calves almost there are no antibodies, influence on biologically active points of an udder of cows (intensity 10 mW/square cm, expositions of seconds) has made positive impact on increase of immune properties of colostric milk. Use of immunostimulants Ehrakond also has increased immunocompetent properties of cow milk (7,5 mg on 1 kg of body weight once a day within 15 days). At feeding of colostrum the physiological condition, growth and development of calves have considerably improved. In the second (when colostric protection factors in an organism decline, and own organism forms them insufficiently) and the third (decrease in immune reactance at changes in feeding and the maintenance of calves) immune deficiency, application of immunostimulants Ehrakond and influence of low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field on reflexogenic zones on a young growth organism has made positive impact indices of natural resistance of calves. It has led to activization of factors of natural nonspecific protection of an organism that has considerably improved a physiological condition and has increased natural immunity of an organism to diseases. However, the best results on natural resistance, efficiency and safeties of calves have been reached at an irradiation at the BAP initial stage of a mammary gland at cows by low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field, with the subsequent bottle-feeding of the irradiated colostrum to newborn calves; in 10 days of a life to calves the preparation Ehrakond was entered. | На основании проведенных исследований определена достаточно высокая профилактическая эффективность применения Эраконда, низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения совместно с постоянным магнитным полем, что позволяет рекомендовать их для широкого применения в программе иммунокоррекции организма сельскохозяйственных животных. На первом этапе исследований в период иммунного дефицита, когда в крови новорожденных телят почти отсутствуют иммуноглобулины, воздействие на биологически активные точки вымени коров (интенсивность 10 мВт/см2, экспозиции секунд) оказало положительное влияние на повышение иммунных свойств колострального молока. Использование иммуностимулятора Эраконд также повысило иммунокомпетентные свойства молока коров (7,5 мг на 1 кг живой массы один раз в сутки в течение 15 дней). При скармливании колострального молозива значительно улучшились физиологическое состояние, рост и развитие телят. В период второго (когда колостральные факторы защиты в организме угасают, а собственный организм образует их недостаточно) и третьего (снижение иммунной реактивности при изменениях в кормлении, содержании телят) иммунного дефицита, применение иммуностимулятора Эраконд и воздействие низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения совместно с постоянным магнитным полем на рефлексогенные зоны на теле молодняка оказало положительное влияние показатели естественной резистентности телят. Это привело к активизации факторов естественной неспецифической защиты организма, что значительно улучшило физиологическое состояние и повысило естественную невосприимчивость организма к болезням. Однако, наилучшие результаты по естественной резистентности, продуктивности и, сохранности телят были достигнуты при облучении на начальном этапе БАТ молочной железы у коров низкоинтенсивным лазерным излучением совместно с постоянным магнитным полем, с последующим выпаиванием облученного молозива новорожденным телятам; через 10 дней жизни телятам вводили препарат Эраконд.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus as a result of task-specific selection and breeding work there was developed and approbated Berezinsky breed type of Belarusian meaty breed. Sows of the studied breed type were notable for high indices of reproductive signs: the average multiple pregnancy in three breeding swine herd was 11,1 pigs per farrowing; milkability - 55 kg, litter size at weaning stage at 35-day age - 87,1 kg. The predominancy over the forecast exponent indices made 4,7-5,7%. In course of the study there were analyzed the forecasted indexes of the basic breeding signs of Berezinsky breed type of Belarusian meaty breed for 2005-2010; productivity indices of the experimental sows; coefficient of variations of sow productivity.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the influence of various doses of dolomite on productivity, egg quality and a mineral metabolism of laying hens. The research was realized by an example of laying hens of Highsex Brown. The experimental hens at the age of 250 days old were divided into 4 groups on 60 heads in each by means of analog method. Laying hens of the first (control) group were fed with a basic diet including 5% of a soya cake (cockle-shell), and hens of the second, third and fourth (experimental) groups instead of a soya cake were fed with a mixed fodder with addition of a mineral additive of dolomite. Hens of the second group were fed with the additive at a rate of 2%, the third group - 3%, and the fourth group - at a rate of 5% of weight of dry matter of forage. During the experiments there were maintained optimum parameters of microclimate, recommended temperature and light regimes and a sufficient ultra-violet irradiation. As a result of the realized research it was established, that use of the mineral dolomite additive in feeding of laying hens proved to be possible as a substitute of an expensive import cockleshell. Use of various doses of dolomite promoted improvement of mineral metabolism, increasing of productivity and improvement of egg quality of laying hens.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the productivity and foraging advantages of fodder galega (Galega officinalis) in comparison with the traditional perennial leguminous grasses (alfalfa (Medicago sativa); alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum); cookshead (Onobrychis viceaefolia)) and influence of the analyzed crop of state and internal microbiota of agricultural animals. There was studied the qualitative structure of galega in accordance with the phases of crop development and its influence on physiological functions of animals. It is established, that in the conditions of northern region of Belarus the fodder galega provided the yielding capacity of dry matter of 11,3 t/ha that exceeded the indices of alfalfa on 13,9%, alsike clover - in 2,7 times and cookshead - in 2,1 times. By the third decade of May it formed 18-20 tons green mass that made it possible to feed animals on 10-15 days earlier, than with other leguminous grasses. High degree of leafage (65,7%) preconditioned its high nutritional value. Fodder galega has high level of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and some microelements: copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt. Studying of vitamin value of fodder galega showed that its green mass was vitamin-rich, had enough of irreplaceable amino acids. It was established, that hay of fodder galega had high level of the non-decomposed protein (68,6-71%) that was very important for feeding of highly productive cows. It increased the level of crude protein in experimental animals on 8%.