The present study was conducted to investigate the Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in Youngnam swine herds during the period of August 1986 to July 1987 and some properties of the organisms isolated from these Korean swine. B. bronchiseptica was recovered from 25 of 70 (35.7%) growing pigs of 4 to 10 weeks of age and from 12 of 13 (92.3%) herds. From 115 slaughter pigs, 58(50.4%) pigs were culture positive and the pigs from 13 of 14 (92.9%) herds were found to be infected with B. bronchiseptica. The majority of biochemical and cultural properties of B. bronchiseptica isolated from Korean swine were identical to those of the standard strain employed and some 97.6% of the isolates showed the characters of phase I organism on primary isolation.

Objective: Chlamydiosis is of great global public health, veterinary and economic importance. This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of chlamydiosis in Abu Dhabi camel (Camelus dromedarius) and its association with hematobiochemical responses towards the infection. Materials and methods: Blood samples (n=245) were collected from both housed and nomadic herds of camels. Anti-chlamydia antibodies were detected by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Camels had history of reproductive failure as abortion and repeat breeding. Besides, clinical reproductive examination was done with the camels.Results: Based on the results of ELISA, the overall seroprevalence of chlamydiosis was 19.59% (n=48/245). The hematological results revealed significant increase in the total hemoglobin concentration (15.65±0.28 gm/dL), hematocrit % (36.65±2.66%), mean corpuscular volume (37.35±0.83 U) and neutrophils % (72.05±0.89%) in the affected camels. The biochemical results revealed significant increase of the levels of alkaline phosphatase (61.50±3.56 IU/I), creatinine kinase (184.00±3.35 IU/I), and aspartate aminotransferase (64.50±3.42 IU/I). Nevertheless, significant reduction in glucose (42.25±1.97 mg/dL), choloride (107.03±0.53 mmol/L), and zinc (43.00±3.36 ug/dL) levels were observed in the affected camels.Conclusion: Chlamydiosis is prevailing among the Abu Dhabi camel. Chlamydiosis has great effect on the hematobiochemical parameters and reproductive performance of dromedary camels. Affected camels are suffered from reproductive failure manifested by abortion and/or repeat breeder. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(2.000): 175-180]

The objective of current study was to evaluate the effects of Lepidium sativum (LS) on liver histopathology and serum biochemistry in rats fed with high cholesterol diet. A total of 32 rats were divided into four equal groups. The rats of first group (control group) were fed with basal diet, whereas the rats of second group were fed with basal diet mixed with cholesterol (1%). The rats of third and fourth groups were fed with high cholesterol (1%) diet mixed with Lepidium sativum powder at 3 g and 6 g/kg diet, respectively. Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity were increased significantly in the rats fed with high cholesterol diet as compared to control group. LS reduced total cholesterol and ALT; however, higher dose (6 g/kg diet) was found better than lower dose (3 g/kg diet) in reducing serum triacylglycerol. Histopathological findings revealed that liver of cholesterol-treated rats showed varying degrees of vacuolar degeneration, fatty changes, fatty cysts, and lobular disarray. Livers of the LS-treated rats revealed mild to moderate degree of recovery. Conclusively, high dose of LS is recommended as hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic agent in rats.

The objective of the present study was to monitor the hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of propolis in rats fed high cholesterol diet. The rats (n=32) were divided into four equal groups. The rats of group 1 (control) were fed basal diet, whereas rats of group 2 were fed basal diet mixed with cholesterol (1%). The rats of group 3 and 4 were fed high cholesterol diet (1%) mixed with propolis powder 1 and 2%, respectively. Hematological parameters were comparable among all groups. Cholesterol, triacylglycerol and ALT activities were increased significantly in rat fed high cholesterol diet as compared to control. Inclusion of propolis in high cholesterol diets reduced these parameters in serum. Hematological and biochemical findings were supported by histopathological analysis of liver tissues. Conclusively, 1% propolis was found as safe and enough to induce beneficial hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects in serum of rats fed high cholesterol diet.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of white mangrove (Langucularia racemosa) leaves (as feed additive) on some serum biochemistry in adult female rabbits. Twenty four mature female rabbits (does) were randomly allocated to four equal groups (Group A, B, C, and D) in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Group A was served with control diet, while the does of Group B, C and D were fed growers mash mixed with the additive dosed at 70 g, 80 g, and 90 g/kg of feed, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the animals for biochemical analysis at the end of the 12-week study. Sections of the liver were collected from same does for histological investigations. The results of the serum biochemistry showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the values of Aspartate Transaminase (AST), while significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the values of Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The histology of the liver was normal. It was concluded that the test ingredient (L. racemosa) was safe to be used in the diet of female rabbit dosed at 70-90g/kg feed since the enzyme levels remained within normal range of healthy rabbit.

A pregnant Saanen doe aging 1.5-year and weighing 40 kg was presented to the Large Animal Unit of Universiti Putra Malaysia Veterinary Hospital with history of inability to stand up. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the animal revealed two live fetuses at late pregnancy. Blood examination revealed decreased lymphocyte numbers, and increased monocytes count. Biochemical analyses showed marked decrease in glucose level and elevated level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). The goat was administered with 200 mL 20% Dextrose (G-20), NaCl solution (at 1.3 mL/animal), Flunixine meglumine (at 2.2 mg/kg bwt), and Vitavet multivitamin (at 1 mL/10 kg bwt). The prognosis of the case was grave, and the goat was sacrificed in order to save the fetuses. However, the fetuses were died within 10 min. Necropsy of the doe showed pale, yellow and friable liver and congested lungs, while histopathological evaluation of the liver showed diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Pregnancy toxemia in doe can be prevented by providing proper nutrition.

Periosteal autograft were used for repair of large osteochondral defects in 10 horses aged 2 to 3 years old. In each horse, osteochondral defects measuring 1.0 X 1.0 cm2 were induced bilaterally on the distal articular surface of each radial carpal bone. Control and experimental defects were drilled. Periosteum was harvested from the proximal portion of the tibia and was glued into the principal defects, using a fibrin adhesive. Control defects were glued, but were not grafted. Sixteen weeks after the grafting procedure, the quality of the repair tissue of control and grafted defects was assessed biochemically. Total collagen content and the proportion of type-II collagen were determined. Galactosamine and glucosamine contents also were determined. From these measurements, contents of chondroitin and keratan sulfate and total glycosaminoglycan, and galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio were calculated. All biochemical variables were compared with those of normal equine articular cartilage taken from the same site in another group of clinically normal horses. Total collagen content was determined on the basis of 4-hydroxyproline content, using a colorimetric method. The proportions of collagen types I and II in the repair tissue were assessed by electrophoresis of their cyanogen bromide-cleaved peptides on sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gels. Peptide ratios were computed and compared with those of standard mixtures of type-I and type-II collagens. Galactosamine and glucosamine contents were determined by use of ion chromatography. In general, the biochemical composition of repair tissue of grafted and nongrafted defects was similar, but clearly differed from that of normal articular cartilage. Total glycosaminoglycan content, galactosamine and glucosamine contents, and galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio of grafted and nongrafted defects were all significantly (P < 0.05) less than corresponding values in normal equine articular cartilage. By contrast, total collagen content of neocartilaginous tissues of grafted and nongrafted defects was greater than that of normal articular cartilage, although the difference was not significant. The proportion of type-I and type-II collagens in repair tissue in grafted and nongrafted defects was 70 and 30%, respectively. The fibrous nature of the repair tissue reported in a companion morphologic and histochemical study was substantiated by the biochemical results. We concluded that use of periosteal autograft did not improve the healing of osteochondral defects.

Biochemical changes in the small intestine during development of naturally acquired wheat-sensitive enteropathy of Irish Setters were investigated. To distinguish primary biochemical abnormalities from secondary effects of intestinal damage, progeny of affected dogs reared on a normal wheat-containing diet were compared with their own littermates reared on a cereal-free diet and with age-matched clinically normal Irish Setters fed the same wheat-containing diet. Peroral jejunal biopsy specimens were sequentially obtained between weaning and 1 year of age; specific activity and reorientating sucrose density-gradient distribution of organelle marker enzymes were determined. Major primary biochemical abnormalities were not detected in affected progeny. In affected dogs fed wheat, there was a selective, but secondary, loss of the brush border alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N activities. This loss was associated with the development of partial villus atrophy, but represented a specific effect of dietary wheat on the brush border, not merely a nonspecific effect of mucosal damage, because other brush border enzymes, including disaccharidases, were not similarly affected. Increased soluble activities of lysosomal and peroxisomal marker enzymes late in the disease process may represent alterations in these 2 organelles as a secondary consequence of mucosal damage.

Two hundred eighty-eight crossbred feeder pigs were used in 2 trials to determine the effects of feed and/or water deprivation at an auction market, and the effects of restricting the intake of the receiving diet on their serum chemical profile. The study also was designed to assess the value of the serum chemical profile as a diagnostic data base for stress disorders in feeder pigs. Performance data indicated that feeder pigs provided water only at the auction facilities lost significantly more weight than did those provided feed and water. Feeder pigs deprived of both feed and water were not significantly different in body weight from either group. Several serum chemical values (creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate dehydrogenase) were significantly influenced by feed deprivation, but not by feed and water deprivation. However, only the serum creatinine values were significantly different after the 24-hour post-transport period. There were no significant differences in pig weight or serum chemical values 84 days after pigs had arrived at the finishing unit. The serum chemical profile, widely used in human medicine, appears not to provide a reliable marker for identification of short-term nutritional deprivation, nor for transport stress in feeder pigs.