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The effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang on ultraviolet B-induced skin damages in mouse
2009
Kim, J.S., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Lee, H.J., Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Song, M.S., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Seo, H.S., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Moon, C.J., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.C., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Bae, C.S., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Jo, S.K., Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.H., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
The effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tan (BZYQT) on the changes of ultraviolet (UV) light B radiation-induced apoptotic sunburn cell (SBC) and epidermal ATPase-positive dendritic cell (DC) in SKH1-hr or ICR mouse were investigated. The mice were treated with UVB (200 mj/㎠) and were sacrificed 24 h later. BZYQT (50 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle (saline) was given i.p. at 36 and 12 h before irradiation, and 30 min after irradiation or BZYQT cream (0.2%) or cream base (vehicle) was topically treated at 24 h and 15 min before irradiation, and immediately after irradiation. The skin of SKH1-hr mouse prepared from the back of untreated mice exhibited about 0.3 SBC/cm length of epidermis, and 24 h after UV irradiation, the applied areas show an increased number of SBCs. But the frequency of UVB-induced SBC formation was reduced by intraperitoneal injection of BZYQT extract (p less than 0.01). The numbers of DC in normal ICR mouse were 628.00 ± 51.56 or 663.20 ± 62.58 per ㎟ of ear epidermis. By 1 day after UVB treatment, the number of ATPase-positive cells/㎟ were decreased by 39.0% or 27.1% in i.p. or topical application group with vehicle. Treatment of BZYQT was associated with increase of 33.9% in i.p. group (p less than 0.05) or 2.7% in topical application group in the number of ATPase positive cells compared with the irradiation control group. The results presented herein that BZYQT administration could reduce the extent of skin damages produced by UVB.
Show more [+] Less [-]Ontogeny, distributions and relative frequencies of the somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the proventriculus of the chicken embryos with incubation periods
1999
Chang, J.W. | Lee, H.S. (Kyunsan University, Kyungsan (Korea Republic). Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science) | Ku, S.K. | Lee, J.H. (Kyungpook National University, Taegu (Korea Republic). Laboratory of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine)
Ontogeny, distributions and relative frequencies of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were investigated in the proventriculus of the chicken embryos with incubation periods. Samples were taken from 10 groups(10 days of incubation to hatching) and studied by immunogistochemical methods. The findings were as follows. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from 12 days of incubation in the proventricular glands and after that increased with incubation periods. The first observation time of these cells in the epithelium were at 15 days of incubation in the basal portion but in 16 and 17 days of incubation, no immunoreactive cells were observed in the epithelium but after that a few immunoreactive cells were observed in the basal portion and gastric gland regions. The shpaes of these cells were spherical to spindle in the proventricular glands and spherical to round in the epithlium and gastric gland.
Show more [+] Less [-]The proteasome inhibition enhances apoptosis by P53 expression and the dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in TRAIL-resistant lung cancer cells
2009
Seol, J.W., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Park, S.Y., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
The ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation pathway plays an important role in regulating both cell proliferation and cell death. Proteasome inhibitors are well known to induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines. We investigated the effect of combined treatment with proteasome inhibitor and TRAIL, and a possible mechanism of the enhancing apoptosis by the both treatment, on TRAIL-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. A549 cells were exposed to the N-Acetyl-Leu-Leu-Norleu-al(ALLN) as a proteasome inhibitor and then treated with recombinant TRAIL protein. In A 549 cells under proteasome inhibition conditions by pretreatment with ALLN, TRAIL treatment significantly decreased cell vibility compared to that ALLN and TRAIL alone treatment. Also, the both treatment induced cell damage through DNA fragmentation and p53 expression. In addition, the combined treatment of both markedly increased caspase-8 activation, especially the exposure for 2h, and Bax expression and induced the dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in A549 cells. Taken together, these findings showed that proteasome inhibition by ALLN enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis via DNA degradation by activated P53 and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss by caspase-8 activation and bax expression. Therefore, our results suggest that proteasome inhibitor may be used a very effectively chemotherapeutic agent for the tumor treatment, especeally TRAIL-resistant tumor cell.
Show more [+] Less [-]Expression and localization of phospho-IkB in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats
2005
Hwang, I.S. (Cheju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea) | Jee, Y.H. (Cheju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea), E-mail: yhjee@cheju.ac.kr
To elucidate the roles of phospho-IkB expression in the development and progression of EAE, we investigated the expression of phospho-IkB in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In Western blot analysis, the increased expression of phospho-IkB went parallel to severity of EAE. The expression of phospho-IkB increased significantly at the peak stage of EAE followed by gradual decrease. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the phospho-IkB immunoreactivity was mainly expressed in inflammatory cells (macrophages, T cells) and glial cells (astrocytes, microglial cells) at the peak stage of EAE and disappeared at the recovery stage.
Show more [+] Less [-]Inhibition of human breast carcinoma by BLC (Sargassum fulvellum) and BLC/HEN Egg in vitro and in vivo
2005
Jo, E.H. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Park, H.K. (Sam-Hwa Farm, Yeongju, Republic of Korea) | Cho, S.D. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Ahn, N.S. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Jung, J.W. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Yang, S.R. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Park, J.S. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Hwang, J.W. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Lee, S.H. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Park, J.R. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Kim, S.J. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Lee, Y.S. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea) | Kang, K.S. (Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea), E-mail: kangpub@snu.ac.kr
Much of the interest on the chemopreventive properties of herbs and plants has been raised, whereas little is regarding to anti-tumor effect of farming and aquatic products. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of hot-water extract of a seaweed, BLC (Sargassum fulvellum) and BLC/HEN egg was investigated using MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo systems. We found that the BLC extract and BLC/HEN egg inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, which might be mediated through up-regulation of p53. Furthermore, this test compound can directly induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which might be mediated through up-regulation of a pro-apoptotic Bax protein and down-regulation of a anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, not by immune system.
Show more [+] Less [-]Histological and immunohistochemical effects of Jengjengamiyjintang on the duodenal ulcer induced by HCI-aspirin
1999
Ku, S.K. (Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Industry Company, Anyang (Korea Republic). Parmacol & Toxicol Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories) | Lee, H.S. (Kyungsan University, Kyungsan (Korea Republic). Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science) | lee, J.H. (Kyungpook National University, Taegu (Korea Republic). Laboratory of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine)
In order to study the effects of Jengjengamiyjintang on the duodenal ulcer induced by HCI-aspirin in rats, the changes of histological profiles, goblet cells(PAS-positive cells), and the distribution and frequency of cholecystokinin(CCK)-8 and serotonin-producing gastro-entero-endocrine cells were observed after oral administration of Jengjengamiyjintang. Histologically, very severe injury to duodenal epithelium were observed in control groups and theses injuries were increased with time intervals. But in the Jengjengamiyjintang administrated groups, no gross lesion of ulcer were demonstrated and histologically minor injury to the mucosal epithelium were observed. PAS-positive cells were increased in the Jengjengamiyjintang administrated groups compared to that of control groups. Severe degranulation of CCK-8- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were observed in control groups but these phenomenon was seldom in the Jengjengamiyjintang administrated groups. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were significantly decreased in control groups but increased in Jengjengamiyjintang administrated groups compared with control groups. According to these result, it is suggested that Jengjengamiyjintang would accelarat the healing of the duodenal ulcer but the functional mechanisms were unknown.
Show more [+] Less [-]A potential role of Schwann cells in spinal nerve roots in autoimmune central nervous system diseases
Moon, C.J.;Lee, Y.D.;Shin, T.K.(Cheju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea)E-mail:shint@cheju.ac.kr
The expression of nestin and vimentin in the spinal nerve roots of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was studied to ascertain whether Schwann cells in the peripheral nerves respond to acute central nervous system autoimmune injury. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that nestin was constitutively expressed in the dorsal roots of spinal nerves in control ratsits expression was enhanced in the spinal nerve roots of rats with EAE. Vimentin expression was weak in control rat spinal nerve roots, and it was increased in the dorsal roots of rats with EAE.
Show more [+] Less [-]Glatiramer acetate inhibits the activation of NFκB in the CNS of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
2011
Hwang, I.S., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Ha, D.B., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Kim, D.S., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Joo, H.J., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Jee, Y.H., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
Glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone) has been shown to be effective in preventing and suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been recently shown that GA-reactive T cells migrate through the blood-brain barrier, accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS), secrete antiinflammatory cytokines and suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines of EAE and MS. Development of EAE requires coordinated expression of a number of genes involved in the activation and effector functions of inflammatory cells. Activation of inflammatory cells is regulated at the transcriptional level by several families of transcription factors. One of these is the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) family which is present in a variety of cell types and involved in the activation of immune-relative genes during inflammatory process. Since it is highly activated at site of inflammation, NFκB activation is also implicated in the pathogenesis of EAE. In this study, we examined whether the inhibition of NFκB activation induced by GA can have suppressive therapeutic effects in EAE mice. We observed the expression of NFκB and phospho-IκB proteins increased in GA-treated EAE mice compared to EAE control groups. The immunoreactivity in inflammatory cells and glial cells of NFκB and phospho-IκB significantly decreased at the GA-treated EAE mice. These results suggest that treatment of GA in EAE inhibits the activation of NFκB and phophorylation of IκB in the CNS. Subsequently, the inhibition of NFκB activation and IκB phosphorylation leads to the anti-inflammatory effects thereby to reduce the progression and severity of EAE.
Show more [+] Less [-]Regulatory roles of NKT cells in Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection
2009
Choi, K.S., Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea | Chae, J.S., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilm. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are key players in host defense against various microbial infections. We investigated the role of NKT cells in immune response to A. phagocytophilum infection using NKT-knockout (Jα18-/-) mice. Jα18-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were infected with low-passage A. phagocytophilum and assayed for hepatic histopathology and cytokine production during 7 days post-infection. Compared to WT control, the infected Jα18-/- mice had much less histopathologic lesions and less apoptosis through day 7, and lower concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-12, but not of IL-10. This result suggests that NKT cells are major components in the pathogenesis of HGA.
Show more [+] Less [-]Regional destribution and relative frequency of the gastrin, secretin and pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the fetus of Korean native goat
1999
Lee, H.S. (Kyungsan University, Kyungsan (Korea Republic). Faculty of Basic Science, College of Natural Science) | Ku, S.K. | Lee, J.H. (Kyungpook National University, Taegu (Korea Republic). Laboratory of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine)
The regional distributions and relative frequencies of the gastrin, secretin and pancreatic polypeptide(PP)-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the fetus(180 days of gestation) of Korean native goat were sutdied with immunohistochemical(ABC) methods. Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were detected in fundus, pylorus and duodenum and these cells were most predominant in pylorus. Secretin-immunoreactive cells were observed in pylorus, duodenum and ileum. PP-immunoreactive cells were restricted to fundus. These immunoreactive cells were situated in surfact epithelium and mucosal gland regions. The regional distribution and relative frequency of PP-immunoreactive cells was somewhat different to the adult Korean native goat. Immunoreactive cells in thesurface epithelial regions were open typed cells which were spindle shaped cells but closed typed cells which were round or/to spherical shaped cells were observed in the mucosal gland regions.
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