Results of estimation of metabolic processes state in pregnant sows at different stages of sow pregnancy realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus were presented. Research results showed that there were changes in the analyzed indexes (total protein; albumins; total lipids; triglycerids; lactate; urea; creatinine; glucose; cholesterin; bilirubin; ALP; AAT; SGPT; amylase; gamma GTP; calcium; phosphorous; magnesium; iron) of biochemical blood profile at different stages of sow pregnancy. The most expressed divergences of the analyzed indexes were stated at pregnant sows on the 90-th day of pregnancy (10 out of 19 indexes) which were caused first of all by feeding uncertainty. It was established that level of total lipids was low during all analyzed pregnancy days, notably that the lowest indexes were registered on the 60-th day period (2,81+/-19 g/l). The lowest level of triglyceride (0,12+/-0,04 mmol/l) was stated at the same period ,too. At a later stage, this index was within the limits of physiologic standard. High level of urea in blood was registered on the 80-th day of pregnancy. Low indexes of glucose were stated on the 90-th and 100-th days of pregnancy (3,44+-/0,63 and 3,38+/-0,26 mmol/l, respectively). High level of cholesterol was stated in course of all pregnancy stages. There was low content of protein in blood in 20% of pregnant sows at the second stage of pregnancy. High indexes of creatine were registered in 80% of animals, urea – in 20% of animals. High content of bilirubin was noted in 23% of pregnant sows, high concentration of lactic acid – in 100% of animals; low content of glucose – in 38%, low level of lipids in blood – in 61%; low level of triglyceride – in 23%

For the successful decision of pressing questions of manufacture of cattle-breeding production in the field of biochemistry in whole and molecular biology in particular in-depth studies are necessary. Progress and achievements in this area are closely connected with development of new research methods. One of them is studying of proteins-lectines. Lectines, entering into structure of plant tissues, microorganisms, animal, take part in regulation of their metabolism, and also in protection against some agents of environment. On the other hand, lectines, being allocated from live objects, are the valuable biochemical reagents which use is perspective in experimental cytochemistry, in diagnostics and treatment of some animal diseases, in biotechnological processes of allocation of some difficult hydrocarbon-bearing substances. Result of the spent research was the comparative characteristic of hemagglutinin activity of phytolectines of some bean and grain crops in relation to cattle erythrocytes and precipitated with and D-yeast cellulose. Intensive precipitation with a 1-4 D-yeast cellulose was observed at its interaction with soya and wheat pectins, and less expressed - at interaction with string bean and barley pectins. It is established, that by the basic structural element of erythrocytes glycocalyx which detect soya, string beans, wheat and barley phytolectines, are monomeasures of glucose or its derivatives. The given interactions of phytolectines with a 1-4 D-yeast cellulose are presented, hemagglutination curves by results of turbodimetria are shown | Для успешного решения актуальных вопросов производства животноводческой продукции необходимы глубокие исследования в области биохимии в целом и молекулярной биологии в частности. Прогресс и достижения в этой области науки тесно связаны с развитием новых методов исследований. Одним из них является изучение белков-лектинов. Лектины, входя в структуру тканей растений, микроорганизмов, животных, принимают участие в регулировании их метаболизма, а также в защите от некоторых агентов внешней среды. С другой стороны, лектины, будучи выделенные из живых объектов, являются ценными биохимическими реагентами, использование которых перспективно в экспериментальной цитохимии, в диагностике и лечении некоторых болезней животных, в биотехнологических процессах выделения некоторых сложных углеводсодержащих веществ. Результатом проведенных исследований явилась сравнительная характеристика гемагглютинирующей активности фитолектинов некоторых бобовых и зерновых культур по отношению к эритроцитам крупного рогатого скота и преципитирующая с а 1-4 D-глюканом. Интенсивная преципитация a 1-4 D-глюкана наблюдалась при его взаимодействии с пектинами сои и пшеницы, и менее выраженная - при взаимодействии с пектинами фасоли и ячменя. Установлено, что основным структурным элементом гликокалекса эритроцитов, который детектируют фитолектины сои, фасоли, пшеницы и ячменя, являются мономеры глюкозы или ее производные. Приведены данные взаимодействия фитолектинов с а 1-4 D-глюканом, показаны кривые гемагглютинации по результатам турбодиметрии

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a comparative studying of immune reactivity of broiler chickens immunized against Marek's disease by means of vaccines of Russian production. In course of the study it was established, that in broiler chickens vaccinated against Marek's disease (by means of cultural dry viral vaccine on the basis a virus of herpes of turkeys FS-126 and by liquid bivalent cultural virus vaccine Bimarek on the basis of strains of a herpes virus of turkeys and a herpes virus of hens) the revealed morphological changes in immune system organs of did not essentially differ and testified to the development of intense postvaccinal immunity. Economic efficiency of immunization of broiler chicken against Marek's disease under production conditions made 4,87 and 2,94 Belarusian roubles per 1 rouble of expenses, respectively. | Целью исследования явилось сравнительное изучение иммунной реактивности организма цыплят-бройлеров, иммунизированных против болезни Марека вакцинами российского производства. В ходе исследований установлено, что у цыплят-бройлеров, вакцинированных против болезни Марека культуральной сухой вирусвакциной из вируса герпеса индеек ФС-126 и жидкой бивалентной культуральной вирусвакциной Бимарек из штаммов вируса герпеса индеек и вируса герпеса кур выявленные морфологические изменения в органах иммунной системы существенно не отличаются и свидетельствуют о выработке напряженного поствакцинального иммунитета. Экономическая эффективность иммунизации цыплят против болезни Марека в производственных условиях составляет 4,87 и 2,94 рубля на 1 рубль затрат соответственно.

Data confirming a significant influence of potato (Solanum tuberosum) variety on increasing the efficiency on potato growing was analyzed in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. A method for erythrocyte fixation intended for hemagglutination inhibition test through the use of 50% solutions of formalin (the identical volume of the isotonic solution of sodium chloride was added to 40% solution of formaldehyde). Fixing of erythrocytes was spent at room temperature within 48 hours with the subsequent six-fold washing up by their sterile isotonic solution of sodium chloride by means of centrifuging. Stabilized by the presented method erythrocytes were stored at 4 deg С up to one year (supervision term) in course of which they were completely suitable as a component of reaction with preservation of its sensitivity and specificity. Thus, as a result of realized research there were made the following conclusions: for fixation of erythrocytes, intended for statement of hemagglutination inhibition test it was possible to use a solution of formaldehyde. Fixed in such a way erythrocytes preserved the capability for hemagglutination by influenza virus in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction in course of one year. Arrangement of hemagglutination inhibition reaction by means of application of fixed erythrocytes made it possible to realize an authentic serological diagnostics of pig influenza. | Способ стабилизации эритроцитов, предназначенных для постановки реакции задержки (торможения) гемагглютинации, основан на фиксации полученных из крови эритроцитов равным объемом 50%-ного раствора формалина (к 40%-ному раствору формальдегида добавляют одинаковый объем изотонического раствора натрия хлорида). Фиксация эритроцитов проводится при комнатной температуре в течение 48 часов с последующим шестикратным отмыванием их стерильным изотоническим раствором натрия хлорида путем центрифугирования. Стабилизированные таким образом эритроциты хранят при 4 градусах по Цельсию до одного года (срок наблюдения), в течение которого они полностью пригодны в качестве компонента реакции с сохранением ee чувствительности и специфичности. Таким образом, в результате исследований сделаны следующие выводы: Для фиксации эритроцитов, предназначенных для постановки реакции задержки (торможения) гемагглютинации возможно использование раствора формальдегида. Фиксированные таким образом эритроциты сохраняют способность к гемагглютинации вирусом гриппа в реакции задержки гемагглютинации в течение одного года. Постановка реакции задержки гемагглютинации с использованием фиксированных эритроцитов дает возможность достоверной серологической диагностики гриппа свиней.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the activity of hepatic specific enzymes of blood serum of bull calves of black-and-white breed in course of application of various doses of zinc-containing preparations. Application of zinc-containing preparations led to multidirectional change of activity of hepatic specific serum enzymes. Application of Zinkovet preparation in dose of 1,8 g/100 kg of live weight made it possible to essentially grade the indexes of hepatic tissue affect. In the experimental group at animals there was marked the lowering in activity alanine-aminotransferase, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. At the same time, there was noted the increasing of zinc-containing enzymes activity (sorbitol dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase). All these processes were caused by zinc inclusion into the metabolic process.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the efficiency of application of forage chemical preservatives Kormoplyus-1, Kormoplyus-2, and Kormoplyus-3 for grass fodder conservation. The analyzed preservatives contained acetous acid, urotropine and sodium acetate (only in Kormoplus-2). In course of the study there were established experimental batches with the studied sreservative; there was determined a chemical composition of prepared forages; in physiological and scientifical and economic experiment there was analyzed the feeding efficiency of cereal ensilage. Research results showed that application of preservatives Kormoplyus-1 and Kormoplyus-2 2 for preparation of cereal ensilage made it possible to receive a high quality ensilage and to increase the dry matter safety on 4,2-8,7% and protein on 12-9,4% on comparison with storage without preservatives. Also, it made it possible to increase the digestibility of dry matter in cattle diets respectively on 5.5% and3.7%; organic substance - on 5.5% and 4.0%; fibre - on 16,5% and 15,0%, and also to increase nitrogen deposition on 17,4 and 20,8%. Feeding with forages preserved with Kormoplyus-1 and 2 did not render negative influence on a health state and biochemical indices of animal blood.

Evaluation of a quantity and phagocyte activity of leucocytes, immunoglobulins, T- and B-lymphocytes in blood serum of sheep in the process of stimulation of central nervous system with caffeine sodiobenzoate for the increasing of nonspecific animal resistance was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Romanov yeld ewes were divided into two groups. Experimental sheep were entered caffeine sodiobenzoate intramuscularly in dose 0,012 g/kg of live weight twice a day with 6 hours interval. Controlled group of sheep were entered physiological salt solution in accordance with the same scheme. Blood samples were taken before preparation entering and after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of test beginning. Immunoglobulin concentration in blood serum was estimated by electrophoresis method in polyacrylamide gel. Quantity of T- and B- lymphocytes was estimated by active rosette test. Phagocyte activity of leucocytes was estimated with application of germ culture St. albus. Leucocytes number was accounted in Gorjaev's chamber. Research results showed that under conditions of central nervous system stimulation by caffeine sodiobenzoate there was stated the increasing of nonspecific resistance. It was proved by the increasing of the total number and phagocytic activity of leukocytes, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM), T- and B- lymphocytes

Investigation of connection of experimental trichophytosis and relations between changes of clinical implications of disease and dimensions of some immunological indexes was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. At the first stage of the experiment there analyzed 48 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) infected with Trichopyton verrucosum. Phagocytic ability of phagocytes and level of circulating antibodies in indirect hemagglutination test were investigated each 5 days before and during disease. The second stage was realized by the example of 2,5-6 months old calves. In course of study there were analyzed blood and blood serum indexes, indexes of nonspecific resistance, as well as some indexes of cell-mediated immune response and antibody mediated immunity. Comparative analysis the following morphological and biochemical blood indexes of clinically healthy calves, calves after trichophytosis, and calves sick with mild, moderate and severe of disease were presented: erythrocytes; hemoglobin; leukocytes; basophils; eosinophiles; rods; microxyphils; lymphocytes; monocytes; ESR; total albumin; albumins; alpha globulins; beta globulins; gamma globulins; carotene; calcium; inorganic phosphorous; alkaline reserve; copper. The realized experiment made it possible to conclude that determination intensity of leukocyte absorption of microconidia of the agent, antibodies against the agent, and specific for cytoplasm fungus, morphological and biochemical blood indexes made it possible to control the development of inflammatory phenomenon in centers of infection, as well as to predict the formation of face, infiltrative and suppurant disease forms

An effort to demonstrate the mechanism of homeostatic alteration of high-producing cows at the period of increasing milking capacity and peculiar features of its changing in the conditions of introduction into cattle diets of carbohydrate containing and carbohydrate compensative additives was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of the experiment there were used white-and-black breed cows of 3-4 lactations with body weight of 700 kg and milk yield over the last lactation of 7000-8000 kg of milk. Experimental cows in two weeks before the supposed calving were administrated with 50 ml of propylene glycol, 6 g of niacin and 50 ml of glycerin; and in course of 60 days after calving the administration of the additives was realized in doses of 125 ml; 6 g; 50 ml, respectively. Research results showed that application of mentioned above additives rendered the positive effect on cow liver that was proved by the improved hemic function of experimental cows: increasing of quantity of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit

In the conditions of biogeochemical zone of the Republic of Belarus the most important role in mineral metabolism is played by such major mineral elements as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements - cobalt, cupper, iron, iodine, zinc, manganese, and selenium. Based on the above there was determined the interrelation between the content of these minerals in fodder and blood of milking and dry pregnant cows. As a result of realized study it was found out that the content of major mineral elements and trace elements in fodder did not always correspond to their level in blood. In the conditions of insufficient supply of Ca, F, Mg, K, Fe, Си and Co in cow diets, the level of potassium in blood was lower standard and the other analysed minerals were within the standard limits. There was stated the direct correlation relationship between the level of some biochemical indices and content of mineral substances in cow diets. Positive correlation was stated between the content of calcium and magnesium and cholesterin level in blood