In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the influence of methods and means of spot heating and localization of warmth on indexes of microclimate in piglet breeding houses and resting area of piglets and their growth parameters. In course of the study there taken into consideration the indexes of an average temperature on piglet resting area housings; atmosphere relative humidity, air velocity, content of carbon dioxide, content of hydrogen nitride in the housing and resting areas of piglets. Research results of microclimate of swine breeding areas and resting areas of piglets under different means and methods of heating and warmth localization showed that the it was the most efficient to add for the local heating in the first three weeks of suckling period the glow-discharge tubes or in suckling period or weanling periods - the heated floors; and in suckling period - brooders in the form of tops with shields.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a scientific and economic experiment on studying the influence of a multi-enzyme feed additive on productivity, viability, growth and development of calves. The multi-enzyme additive contained in its formula xilanaza; glucanase; cellulose; and dolomite (as a filling agent). It was determined that young growth of cattle which were fed with the multi-enzyme additive in dose 1 gram per 6 kilogram of milk by the end of the experiment had a live weight gain on 13,6% higher than in a control group. Calves which were fed with the additive were characterized by more stretched constitution, had well developed thorax and good development of skeleton in comparison with analogues from the control group.

In the process of monogastric animal feeding, including pigs, the special role is played by the quality of coarse grain crops as they compose 70-75% of swine ration structure. Determination of fodder productive effect on fattening swine was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The basis of the analyzed fodder was formed by fodder grain of extra fine grade. Research results showed the following: inclusion of extra fine grade barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) (chosen in accordance with the standard of the Republic of Belarus) into all-in-one mixed fodders SK-26 and SK-31 for fattening swine made it possible to obtain higher productive capacity of the experimental animals in comparison with the identical mixed fodders containing barley and wheat of other grades (chosen in accordance with All-Union State Standard 28672-90); in the experimental groups the average daily weight gain in course of the fattening period was on 34 grams higher, and the average selling weight of 1 head - on 4,1 kg than in the control group. Swine which were fed with the presented mixed fodders with grain extra fine grade showed fewer deviations from the rated value of metabolism (blood serum protein and its fractions, calcium, phosphorus, acid capacity) in comparison with the control groups

Application of ethologic techniques in commercial swine production made it possible to take into account the specific features of pigs, to separate animals suitable and unsuitable for animal husbandry in the conditions of industrial production technology, as well as to solve many other problems connected with management, animal behaviour at farms and complexes, that could make it possible to obtain additional production without investing additional material resources. The behavioural trait of emotional stress resistance rendered the authentic positive impact on growth rate of piglets during the suckling period. Taking into consideration, that emotional stress resistance, as well as the temperament as a whole, remained invariable as long as life endures, it could be possible to recommended to use the analysed trait for the selection of young stock for self- replacement in the conditions of pig-breeding complexes, and for the selection of the most fast-growing animals with the simultaneous steady resistance to the emotional stress. In the process of replacement pigs selection it was inefficient to take into consideration only their live weight. Considering that the live weight of some piglets which were non-resistant to emotional stress, but with heavy litter, was high enough, however, as their temperament did not vary as long as life endures and emotional instability will necessarily manifest itself in the subsequent parent qualities of the future sows

The growth and development of replacement gilts of different precocity and age depending on the terms of transition from herd-producer to the market area of a complex was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Animal transfer into new housing conditions affected the early maturing and super early maturing breed pigs of experimental groups. It was determined that moving of replacement pigs into the market area of the complex at the age of 115 days made it possible to obtain higher indices of swine productivity. Fertilization rate of sows of the first experimental group after the first insemination made up 77,6%, that was higher on 6,2% and 9,5% in comparison with the control and the second experimental groups, respectively. The advantage of the first and second experimental groups over the control one was stated in a higher multiple fetation on 0,4 heads and heightened heavy litter indices on 0,1 kg; the quantity of weanling was higher on 0,6 and 0,5 heads, on litter weight at weaning was higher on 7,1 and 3,8 kg, respectively

Studying of peculiar features of external conformation of replacement gilts used for the further closing stage of commercial cross breeding as well as for the further productivity of first litter gilts was realized in the conditions of a swine breeding stock-rearing farm of the Republic of Belarus. In the modern zootechnic classification it is reasonable to divide pigs into 3 constitutional types of their external appearance: leptosome, transitional, and oerisome. In the conditions of industrial engineering the replacement pigs and sows of transitive type in comparison with individuals oerisome and leptosome types were characterized by higher productivity: early terms of insemination (on 3,2 and 3,3 days, respectively); livability of stores at weaning stage (on 5,8 and 5%, respectively), higher litter size at weaning stage (on 7,1 and 6,3 kg), higher input share into the basic pig stock (on 4 and 6%), and a yield of a gross of body weight gain of litter at fattening with a view to farrow (on 8 and 10%). Piglets of the transitive type sows were characterized by the steadier parameters of metabolism in comparison with stores of leptosome type sows (there were less frequently encountered the disturbances of infringements of trace mineral and calcium and phosphoric metabolism). On the basis of the realized research there were developed the technical specifications of the Republic of Belarus 600039106.001-2004 Replacement gilts; Manual on appraisal of quality of pigs for repair of herd of a pig-breeding complex; the Technological instruction on herd repair of a pig-breeding complex; production schedules Normalization of reproductive function of replacement pigs in the conditions of a complex

There was realized the estimation of influence of application of biometals in a ration of chickens-broilers of different age on the content in their blood macro-and microelements. It is possible to make the conclusion, that in blood of chickens-broilers the tendency to decrease with the years concentration of calcium and magnesium, to increase of level of phosphorus, zinc and copper, and also increase the content of cobalt with 23-day age to 33-day and its insignificant decrease by 45 day of a life of chickens takes place. At the same time application in a ration of chickens-broilers of biometals sodium-ferrum-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Fe-etda) from calculation of 2,5 mg/kg, sodium-zinc-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Zn-etda) - 5,5 mg/kg, sodium-cobalt- ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Co-etda) - 5,5 mg/kg and sodium-cuprum-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na-Cu-etda) - 3,5 mg/kg of body weight in the basic weight led to small increase of level macro- and microelements in blood of chickens-broilers and did not render negative influence on safety and a gain of body weight of chickens in trial group. Data on concentration of macro- and microelements in blood and a body weight gain of chickens-broilers are presented. | Целью работы является оценка влияния применения биометаллов в рационе цыплят-бройлеров разного возраста на содержание в их крови макро- и микроэлементов. Можно сделать заключение, что в крови цыплят-бройлеров имеет место тенденция к снижению с возрастом концентрации кальция и магния, повышению уровня фосфора, цинка и меди, а также увеличению содержание кобальта с 23-дненвного возраста к 33-дневному и незначительному снижению его к 45-му дню жизни цыплят. В то же время применение в рационе цыплят-бройлеров биометаллов натрий-ферум-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Fe-etda) из расчета 2,5 мг/кг, натрий-цинк-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Zn-etda) - 5,5 мг/кг, натрий-кобальт-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Co-etda-) - 5,5 мг/кг и натрий-купрум-этилендиаминтетраацетат (Na-Cu-etda) - 3,5 мг/кг живой массы в основной своей массе приводило к небольшому повышению уровня макро- и микроэлементов в крови цыплят-бройлеров и не оказывало негативного воздействия на сохранность и прирост живой массы цыплят опытной группы. Представлены данные по концентрации макро- и микроэлементов в крови и прирост живой массы цыплят-бройлеров.

Research of a pancreas of geese in course of different age-specific periods was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Ecological features of water fowl inhabitance, prevalence of phytogenous forages in a diet of led in first two life decades to rapid growth of body weight and pancreas which was capable to adapt an organism to new conditions of existence. The subsequent growth and differentiating processes in a pancreas of geese showed direct correlative dependence on the basic physiological states of their organism (plumage, a moult, puberty, egg production efficiency). By the beginning of egg production (6 months) the basic structural components of secretory parts of gland of geese reached a rather developed condition, but their full morphological and functional maturity occurred by 2-year-old age, possibly, because of a long reproductive period of life. | Проведено исследование поджелудочной железы у гусей в разные возрастные периоды. Экологические особенности среды обитания водоплавающих птиц, преобладание в рационе кормов растительного происхождения приводят в первые две декады жизни к бурному росту массы тела животных и поджелудочной железы, способной адаптировать организм к новым условиям существования. Последующие ростовые и дифференцировочные процессы в поджелудочной железе гусей проявляют прямую коррелятивную зависимость от основных физиологических состояний их организма (оперение, линька, половое созревание, яйценосная продуктивность). К началу яйценоскости (6 месяцев) основные структурные компоненты секреторных отделов железы гусей достигают достаточно развитого состояния, но их полная морфофункциональная зрелость наступает к 2-летнему возрасту животных, вероятно, из-за продолжительного репродуктивного периода жизни.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the nonspecific resistance of lambs of Latvian Black Face breed during the colostrum and milk fed period of their growth development. In course of the experiment there were used 10 newborn lambs. Analysis of resistance was realized in accordance with a scheme: before colostral milk sucking; in 6, 12, 24 hours; in 3, 7, 14, 21 days; in 1, 2 and 3 months after birth. In lambs during the colostrum and milk fed period of growth there were marked two critical periods, which were characterized by low indicators of resistance: before colostral milk uptake and at 7-21 day-old age. Increasing of leukocytes, bactericidal, lysozymic activity of blood serum, phagocytal activity of leukocytes, crude protein and antibodies in the first days of lamb life took place due to their entrance in blood with colostral milk, just because at this time the intestines wall possessed ability to transit in native condition the antibodies, enzymes, and leukocytes. At 7-21 day-old age in connection with reduction of these factors quantity of in colostral milk, and also due to reduction of intestines capacity, their was stated that their entrance in blood of newborn lambs decreased, but at 3 month old age of lambs there were stated to form internal protective factors of resistance because of which their quantity in blood started to increase.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the influence of methods and means of spot heating and localization of warmth on growth, viability and physiological status of piglets. In course of realization of the experiment there was issued a task of scientific substantiation of application of brooders of different construction and proposition of the most optimal method of microclimate formation in resting area of piglets for the increasing of their growth and viability, and improvement of physiological state. Research results showed that the highest indexes of growth and viability, and intensity of metabolic processes in piglets were obtained after the combined application in course of the first three weeks of suckling period of filament lamps and heated floors and brooders in the form of tops with shields, and at a later stage – only brooders of this construction in comparison with animals which were in course of a suckling period under the infrared radiation lamps or at the space-heating floor.