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Cutaneous metastasis of mammary gland tumor in a dog: a case report
2022
Choi, H.J. | Na, H.M. | Lee, S.K. | Bae, S.G. | Oh, T.H. | Lee, K.J.
An 8-year-old spayed female, mixed dog presented multiple, bloody exudative skin lesions on the bilateral flank which spread 1 week after mastectomy for treatment of mammary gland tumor (MGT). Multiple, ill-marginated, irregular, and heterogeneously thickened cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and enlarged lymph nodes were identified in ultrasound and computed tomography. Histopathological examination confirmed adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion presumed to be metastatic MGT. Clinical signs improved after chemotherapy but died after 1 month. This study suggests that cutaneous metastasis be considered for differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in dogs with a history of MGT, although skin metastasis from MGT is rare.
Show more [+] Less [-]Assessment of prognostic factors in dogs with mammary gland tumors: 60 cases (2014-2020)
2022
Moon, C.H. | Kim, D.H. | Yun, S.H. | Lee, H.B. | Jeong, S.M.
Canine mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Approximately half of all mammary tumors are malignant, and there is a risk of metastasis, which is associated with a poor prognosis. This study was to evaluate the prognostic factors of canine mammary gland tumors and the risk factors associated with the development of malignant tumors. From 2014 to 2020, 60 dogs with mammary gland tumors that underwent surgical treatment were evaluated in this retrospective study. Tumor size, TNM stage, and histopathological results were prognostic factors for 2-year survival after surgery. Every 10 mm increase in tumor size, increased the risk of death within 2 years after surgery 1.213 times. Dogs with TNM stage IV or V had 8.667 fold risk of death within 2 years after surgery. The 2-year survival rate for dogs with benign tumors was 90.2% and for malignant tumors was 67.3%. Tumor size is the most important prognostic factor for canine mammary gland tumors. As tumor size increased by 10 mm, the risk for development of malignant tumors increased by 1.487 times. Tumors larger than 30 mm are highly likely to be malignant, and metastatic evaluation and wide resection should be considered.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of orthopedic postoperative rehabilitation treatments in dogs
2022
Kang, H.M. | Nahm, S.S.
Rehabilitation treatments after orthopedic surgery promote postoperative healing in humans. In veterinary medicine, there is increased interest in rehabilitation treatments because they are potentially beneficial to animals in the post-operation period. This study examined the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment in dogs that underwent orthopedic surgeries, including femoral head & neck ostectomy (FHNO) and medial patellar luxation treatment (MPLT). The group that received the rehabilitation treatment after FHNO (1.88 weeks) showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 6.62 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment (8.50 weeks). The other group that received the rehabilitation treatment after MPLT (4.38 weeks) showed a significantly shorter recovery length of 5.01 weeks compared to those that did not receive the treatment (9.39 weeks). For the qualitative evaluation, the types and frequencies of rehabilitation treatments were monitored. The rehabilitation programs used frequently were heat therapy, laser therapy, passive range of motion, exercise therapy, and aquatic therapy. A standard rehabilitation program after hindlimb surgery was suggested based on the quantitative and qualitative investigation. The results add additional evidence that showed the beneficial effects of rehabilitation treatments in dogs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Splenic smooth muscle tumors in 7 dogs: case reports
2022
Yim, S.J. | Kim, N.H. | Kim, J.H. | Jung, J.Y.
We describe 7 cases of splenic smooth muscle tumors in dogs. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 6 cases were diagnosed as splenic leiomyosarcoma and 1 case as leiomyoma. All dogs underwent splenectomy without chemotherapy, and one of them was euthanized 2 months after surgery because of hepatic metastasis. Of the remaining 6 dogs, 5 died in the postoperative period and only one dog survived > 4 years. The median survival of the 6 dogs was 16.9 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study on splenic smooth muscle tumors in dogs in Korea.
Show more [+] Less [-]Sodium nitroprusside on acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs: case reports
2022
Han, M.G. | Kim, Y.H. | Jeong, Y.H. | Ahn, J.O. | Chung, J.Y.
This study reports the efficacy of the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP), for treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs. For this study, the patients were divided into the SNP only treatment group, the SNP, furosemide and dobutamine treatment group, and non-SNP treatment group. Seven dogs, 6 dogs and 2 dogs were favorable responders in SNP only group, group with SNP, furosemide and dobutamine and non-SNP treatment group, each. The results of this study suggest that SNP can be an effective alternative therapy for dogs with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Show more [+] Less [-]Image quality assessments of focal spot size on radiographic images in dogs
2022
Park, S.J. | Hwang, T.S. | Lee, H.C.
The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the effects of focal spot size of X-ray tube on sharpness of clinical radiographic images of dogs and cats. Radiographic images of 24 stifle joints, 15 carpi, 18 lumbar spines, 61 thoraxes, and 47 abdomens of 102 dogs and 4 cats were obtained in the present study, using 2 X-ray tubes with nominal focal spots of 2.0 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. The sharpness of specific anatomical structures in all the images of 5 projections was assessed. The radiographic sharpness of various anatomical structures of lumbar spine and cortex of stifle with fine focal spot was increased significantly compared with broad focal spot images. In addition, the blurred motion was significantly higher in the fine focal spot images of thorax. In conclusion, our study suggests that a selective use of fine foci for imaging of lumbar spine or cortex of stifle enhanced radiographic sharpness.
Show more [+] Less [-]Pseudohyperkalemia after total splenectomy in a dog: a case report
2022
Moon, C.H. | Lee, J.H. | Jeong, Y.J. | Kwon, Y.S. | Lee, H.B. | Kim, D.H. | Jeong, S.M.
A 16-year-old, 7.4 kg, castrated male Cocker Spaniel presenting anorexia and weight loss was referred due to a splenic mass, and total splenectomy was performed to resolve clinical signs. Following surgery, the dog developed mild hyperkalemia (6.27 mmol/L) without any clinical symptoms. Further investigations were conducted to determine the cause of hyperkalemia. The serum-plasma potassium difference was measured (1.05 mmol/L), and pseudohyperkalemia was diagnosed. The cause of pseudohyperkalemia was considered as thrombocytosis after splenectomy. The dog did not receive any specific treatment to lower blood potassium. To our knowledge, we report the first case of post-splenectomy pseudohyperkalemia in a dog.
Show more [+] Less [-]Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a Border Collie: a case report
2022
Seo, M.S. | Koo, Y.H. | Choi, D.J. | Kim, S.G. | Yun, T.S. | Chae, Y. | Lee, D.H. | Kim, H.H. | Yang, M.P. | Kim, S.C. | Kang, B.T.
A 2-year-old spayed female Border Collie presented with visual deficits and behavioral changes. Neurological examination revealed bilateral menace response deficit with a normal pupil light reflex. Cerebral cortical thinning, cerebral sulci and cerebellar fissure widening, ventriculomegaly, and cerebral atrophy were observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histopathology revealed fluorescent lipopigment accumulation in the cerebrum, and the dog was diagnosed with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This is the first case report describing the changes in clinical signs, MRI findings, and histopathologic changes in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Korea.
Show more [+] Less [-]Vicarious excretion of contrast medium to small intestine in a dog with Toxocara canis infection
2022
Park, S.E. | Ahn, J.O. | Chung, J.Y. | Lee, K.J. | Park, I.C. | Choi, S.Y.
A male mixed-breed dog of unknown age was presented with a history of bloody diarrhea and cachexia. Toxocara canis in vomitus was identified by a parasitologist. Hematology revealed low hematocrit, eosinophilia, and low albumin. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged pulmonary artery with an irregular wall, micronodules in the lung, and vicarious excretion of contrast medium to small intestine. CT scan was helpful for identifying lung lesions and the central organs of larval migration and also show vicarious excretion of contrast medium to the small intestine in T. canis infection.
Show more [+] Less [-]Ultrasonographic diagnosis of calcifying tendinopathy of the biceps brachii in a Doberman Pinscher dog: a case report
2022
Han, C.H. | Kim, A.R. | Hwang, G.H. | Kim, R.H. | Go, W.H. | Lee, J.Y. | Lee, J.B. | An, S.Y. | Hwang, T.S. | Lee, H.C.
A 10-year-old, spayed female, Doberman Pinscher dog presented with right forelimb lameness. On physical examination, painful reaction and crepitation were present at the right shoulder. Radiographic evaluation of the shoulder revealed nothing remarkable. On the ultrasonography of the right shoulder joint, 2 small echogenic masses accompanied by reverberation artifacts were observed in the right biceps tendon near its origin at the supraglenoid tuberosity. Based on these findings, we suspected biceps calcifying tendinopathy. Clinical signs resolved intermittently after administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This study described the ultrasonographic findings of calcifying biceps brachii tendinopathy which is an unusual finding in dogs.
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