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Eimeria infection in dairy cattle of industrial farms in kangavar suburban of Kermanshah province, Iran Full text
2015
Yakhchali, Mohammad | Ali Rahmati, Reza
BACKGROUND: Eimeria infection is an important part of protozoal infection in ruminants which causes economic lost in animal husbandry of Iran and worldwide. Therefore it is important to implement effective control programs on the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in livestocks. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to determine prevalence and Eimeria species diversity in dairy cattle with different age groups under industrial management. METHODS: The present study was carried out in industrial cattle husbandry of Kangavar suburban of Kermanshah province, Iran, from spring 2011 to 2012. A total of 307 fresh fecal samples were randomly collected from the rectum of examined animals. The fecal specimens were subjected for flotation technique and collect Eimeria oocysts. The intensity of infection was determined using McMater method. Eimeria species diversity and frequency was also determined by using oocyst sporulation technique in 2.5% potassium dichromate. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 31.92% (98 out of 307). The highest prevalence was found in dairy cattle (37%) with 1-3 years old. There was no significant difference between prevalence and different age groups. The highest frequency was significantly in spring (41.66%). The intensity was variable in examined animals which ranged from 3.18×103 to 2.71×105. There was no significant difference between the prevalence and intensity in all age groups. Fecal consistency findings revealed that the highest infection was significantly in dairy cattle with normal fecal consistency in all age groups. According to Laboratory identification, a number of seven Eimeria species were detected in all infected animals. The most common specie was E. zuernii (28.25%) in 5% dairy cattle (1-3 years-old) in spring (30%) and summer (30%). There was significant association between frequency of Eimeria infection and each season during the course of the study. All infected cattle had mixed infections with two (42.85%) and three (3.15%) species of Eimeria. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that cattle Eimeria infection was a problem in dairy cattle of industrial farms in the region. Attention should be paid within seasonal infection in young cattle to avoid probable clinical coccidiosis, particularly in farms with poor hygienic conditions and no prophylactic treatments.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of inoculations with Eimeria zuernii on young calves treated with decoquinate or narasin with or without dexamethasone.
1989
Fitzgerald P.R. | Mansfield M.E.
Sixteen 7-week-old Holstein male calves were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria zuernii. Four calves (controls) were euthanatized and necropsied at 14 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI). Two calves were treated with 20 mg of dexamethasone (IM) on 13, 14, and 15 DAI and euthanatized and necropsied 17 DAI and 2 calves were given similar treatments and necropsied 20 DAI. The 8 other calves were euthanatized and necropsied 20 DAI. Two were started on the anticoccidial drug decoquinate in feed 13 DAI; 2 others were given decoquinated on the same schedule plus dexamethasone on 13, 14, and 15 DAI. Two calves were given the antibiotic narasin in feed beginning 13 DAI and 2 calves were given parasin on the same schedule plus dexamethasone on 13, 14, and 15 DAI. All calves, except 2 controls necropsied 14 DAI and 4 calves given decoquinate, discharged moderate-to-large numbers of oocysts in feces and had moderate-to-severe changes in fecal consistency. Histologic examintions revealed large numbers of endogenous stages in tissues of calves treated or not treated with dexamethasone. Few endogenous stages were observed in tissues from calves that were given decoquinate or decoquinate plus dexamethasone. Calves given narasin or narasin plus dexamethasone had moderate-to-large numbers of endogenous stages in the tissues.
Show more [+] Less [-]Prevention and control of coccidiosis in goats with decoquinate.
1986
Foreyt W.J. | Hancock D. | Wescott R.B.
Factors influencing enhanced Salmonella typhimurium infection in Eimeria tenella-infected chickens.
1985
Baba E. | Fukata T. | Arakawa A.
Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 Full text
2020
Krzysiak, Michał K. | Demiaszkiewicz, Aleksander W. | Larska, Magdalena | Tomana, Jarosław | Anusz, Krzysztof
Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 Full text
2020
Krzysiak, Michał K. | Demiaszkiewicz, Aleksander W. | Larska, Magdalena | Tomana, Jarosław | Anusz, Krzysztof
Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus Coccidia. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places. Faecal samples were collected in the Białowieża, Knyszyńska, and Borecka Forests between 2014 and 2016, as were some from an area neighbouring the Białowieża Forest outside the Natura 2000 protected area. Parasites were detected in individual samples with the flotation, decanting and Baermann methods. The eggs of Trichostrongylidae, Aonchotheca sp., Nematodirus sp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp., and Fasciola hepatica; the larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus; and the oocytes of Eimeria spp. were identified. Significant variation in invasion intensity and diversity was seen by origin and season. The relationships were assessed first by univariable tests and next multivariately, when origin and season emerged as the major risk factors for exposure to most of the parasites. The differences in the level of parasitic infection between the forests did not have implications for its sufficiency to cause clinical symptoms. However, the associations and risk factors found enable the necessary preventive measures to be taken to protect the E. bison from exposure or decrease the risks. Additionally, parasitological monitoring is appropriate as the method of sanitary and hygienic control of European bison winter feeding places. Threats to public health through adventitious invasions by zoonotic factors such as F. hepatica have been identified.
Show more [+] Less [-]Parasitological monitoring of European bison (Bison bonasus) from three forests of north-eastern Poland between 2014 and 2016 Full text
2020
Krzysiak Michał K. | Demiaszkiewicz Aleksander W. | Larska Magdalena | Tomana Jarosław | Anusz Krzysztof
Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus Coccidia. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places.
Show more [+] Less [-]Dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites and their association with public health in Iran Full text
2017
Kohansal, Mohammad Hasan | Fazaeli, Asghar | Nourian, Abbasali | Haniloo, Ali | Kamali, Koorosh
Dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites and their association with public health in Iran Full text
2017
Kohansal, Mohammad Hasan | Fazaeli, Asghar | Nourian, Abbasali | Haniloo, Ali | Kamali, Koorosh
Introduction: Dogs harbour zoonotic parasites that cause serious infections in humans, such as visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cystic echinococcosis, and alveolar echinococcosis. Studies on dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical locations are required to increase knowledge of the risk of canine zoonoses in human populations.Material and Methods: The presence of parasites was examined in 450 faecal samples collected from eight zones of Zanjan province, northwest Iran from June to November 2015. The samples were examined using the sedimentation concentration method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining.Results: Gastrointestinal parasites were found in 86 (19.1%) faecal samples. Sarcocystis spp. (7.3%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (5.6%), Toxocara spp. (1.8%), and Cystoisospora spp. (1.6%) were the most common parasites observed. The other detected parasites consisted of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.7%), Eimeria spp. (0.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (0.4%), Physaloptera spp. (0.4%), Giardia spp. (1.3%), and Spirocerca lupi (1.3%). The lowest parasite infection rates belonged to Trichuris vulpis and Acanthocephalans (0.2% each).Conclusion: This study provides current information on the infection rates in dog populations in Zanjan Province. Furthermore, the study shows a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, including zoonotic ones and particularly Taenia/Echinococcus spp., potentially transmissible to humans and thus relevant to public health.
Show more [+] Less [-]Dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites and their association with public health in Iran Full text
2017
Kohansal Mohammad Hasan | Fazaeli Asghar | Nourian Abbasali | Haniloo Ali | Kamali Koorosh
Introduction: Dogs harbour zoonotic parasites that cause serious infections in humans, such as visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cystic echinococcosis, and alveolar echinococcosis. Studies on dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical locations are required to increase knowledge of the risk of canine zoonoses in human populations.
Show more [+] Less [-]Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa Full text
2020
Abiodun J. Fatoba | Oliver T. Zishiri | Damer P. Blake | Sunday O. Peters | Jeffrey Lebepe | Samson Mukaratirwa | Matthew A. Adeleke
Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa Full text
2020
Abiodun J. Fatoba | Oliver T. Zishiri | Damer P. Blake | Sunday O. Peters | Jeffrey Lebepe | Samson Mukaratirwa | Matthew A. Adeleke
This study was conducted from January to October 2018 with the objective to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species in broiler and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 342 faecal samples were collected from 12 randomly selected healthy broiler chicken farms and 40 free-range chickens from 10 different locations. Faecal samples were screened for the presence of Eimeria oocysts using a standard flotation method. The species of Eimeria isolates were confirmed by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) partial region and sequences analysis. Among broiler and free-ranging chickens, 19 out of 41 pens (46.3%) and 25 out of 42 faecal samples (59.5%) were positive for Eimeria infection. Molecular detection revealed the following species: Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti and Eimeria mitis in all the samples screened. Similarly, polymerase chain reaction assays specific for three cryptic Eimeria operational taxonomic units were negative for all the samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-1 sequences supported species identity with the greatest variation detected for E. mitis. This study provides information on the range and identity of Eimeria species, and their genetic relatedness, circulating in commercially reared broilers and free-ranging chickens from different locations in KwaZulu-Natal province.
Show more [+] Less [-]Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa Full text
2020
Fatoba, Abiodun J.(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences School of Life Sciences) | Zishiri, Oliver T.(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences School of Life Sciences) | Blake, Damer P.(The Royal Veterinary College Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences) | Peters, Sunday O.(Berry College Department of Animal Science) | Lebepe, Jeffrey(University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology) | Mukaratirwa, Samson(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences School of Life Sciences) | Adeleke, Matthew A.(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences School of Life Sciences)
This study was conducted from January to October 2018 with the objective to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species in broiler and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 342 faecal samples were collected from 12 randomly selected healthy broiler chicken farms and 40 free-range chickens from 10 different locations. Faecal samples were screened for the presence of Eimeria oocysts using a standard flotation method. The species of Eimeria isolates were confirmed by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) partial region and sequences analysis. Among broiler and free-ranging chickens, 19 out of 41 pens (46.3%) and 25 out of 42 faecal samples (59.5%) were positive for Eimeria infection. Molecular detection revealed the following species: Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti and Eimeria mitis in all the samples screened. Similarly, polymerase chain reaction assays specific for three cryptic Eimeria operational taxonomic units were negative for all the samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-1 sequences supported species identity with the greatest variation detected for E. mitis. This study provides information on the range and identity of Eimeria species, and their genetic relatedness, circulating in commercially reared broilers and free-ranging chickens from different locations in KwaZulu-Natal province.
Show more [+] Less [-]A case of elk (Cervus elaphus) coccidiosis in Korea
2010
Yoon, S.S., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Bae, Y.C., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Byun, J.W., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, K.H., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Jang, H., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Song, J.Y., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Wee, S.H., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea
A thirty-five week old elk was referred for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) confirmation from Chungnam province in Korea. Necropsy revealed much bloody contents in the lumen of small and large intestines, and reddening of its mucosa. Microscopically, few coccidia showing various developmental stages were infiltrated in lamina propria of small intestine with granulomatous inflammation and congestion. They were identified as Eimeria spp. according to their location and morphological characteristics. Because fecal examination and oocyst culture were not available, the species of the Eimeria could not be confirmed. There were no detection of pathogenic bacteria such as clostridia and virus in intestinal contents. CWD was shown to be negative in immunohistochemistry test. In conclusion, it was the first Eimeria case detected in small intestine of Korean domestic elk as far as we know although Eimeria spp. were not the main cause of death.
Show more [+] Less [-]Characterization of proteins in sporulated and unsporulated Eimeria maxima oocysts
1991
Pote, L.M. | Ainsworth, A.J. | Brown, J.E. | Haney, J.A.
Proteins in sporulated and unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima were characterized, using monoclonal antibodies (MAB), ELISA, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and protein (western) immunoblotting techniques. Three MAB (EM1, EM2, and EM4) were produced against proteins of sporulated oocysts. The ELISA results indicated that EM1 was reactive with sporulated oocyst proteins, EM2 was reactive with sporulated and unsporulated oocyst proteins, and EM4 was reactive with unsporulated oocysts and proteins. Separation of proteins in E maxima sporulated and unsporulated oocysts by SDS-PAGE indicated that sporulated oocysts had proteins of approximately 200 kilodaltons (kD) and distinct protein bands at 21.5 and 45 kD. Using SDS-PAGE, unsporulated oocysts had less-distinct high molecular weight protein bands (> 200 kD), compared with sporulated oocysts, and a distinct protein band at 31 kD. Use of all 3 MAB yielded negative results in western blot analysis of fractions obtained by SDS-PAGE.
Show more [+] Less [-]Column chromatographic characterization of cytoplasmic proteins in Eimeria maxima oocysts from chickens
1989
Ainsworth, A.J. | Pote, L. | Haney, J. | Brown, J.
Cytoplasmic proteins from unsporulated and sporulated Eimeria maxima oocysts were analyzed by gel-filtration column chromatography. Unsporulated oocysts were characterized as having 3 major cytoplasmic proteins and sporulated oocysts as having 5 major cytoplasmic proteins. Molecular weights ranged from 5 X 10(3) to 1.4 X 10(6). Larger molecular weight proteins were detected in sporulated and unsporulated oocysts, but were associated more with sporocysts of sporulated oocysts.
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