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Seroprevalence and factors associated with Coxiella burnetii exposure in goats in Moretele
2023
Magadu, Rungano(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science) | Thompson, Peter N.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science)
Infection with Coxiella burnetii causes significant economic impact and poses zoonotic risk to people exposed to livestock, yet few studies in South Africa have assessed seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection and no information is available for goats. Very little information is available regarding risk factors and outcomes of C. burnetii infection in peri-urban farming areas where widespread mixing of ruminants occurs. This study estimated the seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection among communally farmed goats in an area adjacent to the densely populated Gauteng province. Sera were collected from 216 goats in 39 herds, and questionnaires were completed to establish management practices as potential risk factors. C. burnetii antibody testing was done by ELISA. Thirty two out of 216 goats tested positive for C. burnetii antibodies and the overall seroprevalence, adjusted for sampling weights and clustering, was 18.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.2% - 23.5%). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.06, indicating low-to-moderate clustering. Multiple logistic regression showed age was significantly associated with seropositivity, with higher seroprevalence in animals ≥ 19 months old (26%) than animals ≤ 6 months old (6%) (odds ratio [OR]: 6.6; p = 0.010). We concluded C. burnetii infection is common in goats in Moretele and a potential cause of abortion in goats and poses the potential zoonotic disease risk. CONTRIBUTION: Despite the threats posed on animal health and productivity, scant information is published on C. burnetii in South Africa. This research established preliminary estimates of C. burnetii seroprevalence. The research is original from a South African perspective, relevant to Africa and focused on infectious disease in livestock.
Show more [+] Less [-]Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection of dairy cows in three northern provinces of Thailand determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigen CpP23
2009
Inpankaew, T.(Kasetsart University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology) | Jittapalapong, S.(Kasetsart University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology) | Phasuk, J.(Kasetsart University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology) | Pinyopanuwut, N.(Kasetsart University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology) | ChimnoI, W.(Kasetsart University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology) | Kengradomkit, C. | Sunanta, C.(Department of Livestock Development) | Zhang, G.(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Aboge, G.O.(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Nishikawa, Y.(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Igarashi, I.(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases) | Xuan, X.(Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases)
Cryptosporidium parvum is the most frequent parasitic agent that causes diarrhoea in AIDS patients in Thailand. Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in humans may be attributed to contamination of their drinking water from infected dairy pastures. A 23-kDa glycoprotein of C. parvum (CpP23) is a sporozoite surface protein that is geographically conserved among C. parvum isolates. This glycoprotein is a potentially useful candidate antigen for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Therefore, we investigated the seroprevalence of C. parvum infection in dairy cows in northern Thailand using an ELISA based on recombinant CpP23 antigen. Sera were randomly collected from 642 dairy cows of 42 small-holder farmers, which had the top three highest number of the dairy cows' population in Northern Thailand, that included Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Lumpang provinces. The overall seroprevalence of the infection was 4.4 %, and the seropositive rates for the three provinces were 3.3 % in Chiang Mai, 5.1 % in Chiang Rai and 3 % in Lumpang. These results suggest that cattle could play a role in zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in Thailand.
Show more [+] Less [-]Th1 and Th2 epitopes of Cowdria polymorphic gene 1 of Ehrlichia ruminantium
2023
Ngoepe, Tlou A.(Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Department of Immunology ,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Immunology) | Pretorius, Alri(Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Department of Immunology ,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Steyn, Helena C.(Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Department of Immunology) | van Kleef, Mirinda(Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Department of Immunology ,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
Cowdria polymorphic gene 1 (cpg1, Erum2510, ERUM_RS01380) has been shown to induce 30% and 100% protection in sheep immunised by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) prime combined with DNA boost and DNA prime combined with protein boost, respectively, against heartwater infection via needle challenge. To localise its antigenic regions for inclusion in a multi-epitope DNA vaccine against heartwater, Erum2510 was cleaved into five overlapping subfragments. These subfragments were expressed individually in an Escherichia coli host expression system and evaluated for their ability to induce proliferative responses, Th1 and Th2 cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ] and interleukin 4 [IL-4]) via enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Recombinant (r)proteins 3 and 4 were shown to induce immunodominant Th1 and Th2 immune responses characterised by the secretion of effector cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 in addition to differential messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-2, IL-1, IL-18, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Thirty-seven overlapping synthetic peptides (16 mer) spanning the lengths of these immunodominant rproteins were synthesised and assayed. A peptide pool comprising p9 and p10 derived from rprotein 3 induced a Th1-biased immune response. A peptide pool comprising p28 and p29 derived from rprotein 4 induced a mixed Th1 and Th2 immune response characterised by secretion of IFN-γ and differential mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, iNOS, TGF, TNF and GM-CSF. Only one of the peptides (p29) induced secretion of IL-4. Phenotypic analysis showed significant activation of cluster of differentiation 8+ (CD8+), cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) and B+ lymphocyte populations. Findings suggest that Erum2510 rproteins and synthetic peptides can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses, thereby implicating their importance in protection against heartwater. CONTRIBUTION: This study will facilitate the design of an effective multi-epitope DNA vaccine against heartwater that will contribute to control this economically important disease in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluation of isometamidium levels in the serum of sheep and goats after prophylactic treatment against trypanosomosis
2004
Wesongah, J.O. | Murilla, G.A. | Kibugu, J.K. (Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Inst., Kikuyu (Kenya)) | Jones, T.W.
Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of feline lentivirus-reactive antibodies in wild felids, employing a puma lentivirus-derived synthetic peptide antigen
2003
Van Vuuren, M. | Stylianides, E. (Pretoria Univ., Onderstepoort (South Africa). Veterinary Tropical Diseases Dept.) | Kania, S.A. | Zuckerman, E.E. | Hardy, W.D.
Development of solid phase antigen for indirect ELISA for the detection of specific antibody responses to infection with Newcastle disease virus
2002
Sahle, M. (National Animal Health Research Center, Sebeta (Ethiopia)) | Burgess, G.W.
The use of chicken IgY in a double antibody sandwich ELISA for detecting African horsesickness virus
1999
Du Plessis, D.H. | Van Wyngaardt, W. | Romito, M. (Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort (South Africa). Onderstepoort Veterinary Inst.) | Du Plessis, M. | Maree, S.
Detection of bovine-virus-diarrhoea-virus antibodies in cattle with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
1995
Muvavarirwa, P. | Mudenge, D. | Moyo, D. | Javangwe, S. (Zimbabwe Univ., Harare (Zimbabwe). Dept. of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies)
The use of sucrose-acetone-extracted Rift Valley fever virus antigen derived from cell culture in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination-inhibition test
1995
Paweska, J.T. | Barnard, B.J.H. | Williams, R. (Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort (South Africa). Onderstepoort Veterinary Inst.)
The detection of antibodies cross-reacting with Cowdria ruminantium in the sera of domestic ruminants in regions of South Africa where Amblyomma hebraeum does not occur
1994
Du Plessis, J.L. | Boersema, B.R. | Van Strijp, M.F. (Onderstepoort Veterinary Inst. (South Africa). Protozoology Div.)