Avian colibacillosis is one of the most serious diseases that affect poultry and causes substantial morbidity and mortality rates as well as high economic losses. E. coli, are capable of acquiring resistance genes via gene transfer. The development of extended spectrum lactamases, or broad-spectrum lactamases, in E. coli is the most serious resistance mechanism. The goal of the current study was to detect the resistance associated genes of multi drug resistant E. coli isolated from broiler chicken by using PCR technique. In the current study PCR applied on 10 multidrug resistant E. coli isolates for detecting β-lactamases resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV), integron resistance gene (Int1, Int3), PCR was also used to detect disinfectant resistance genes as Quaternary ammonium compounds resistance genes (QacCD, QacA/B and QacED1). PCR results for antibiotic resistance associated gene showed that (10/10) of tested isolates had blaTEM and int1(10/10), blaSHV (6/10) and int3 (2/10) also PCR results for disinfectant resistance associated genes showed that (8/10) of E. coli isolates had QacED1, QacCD (2/10), and QacA/B (2/10). The (10) broilers flocks investigated in the study were infected with multi drug resistant, strains of E. coli, that haboured β-lactamases, integron resistance associated gene and quaternary ammonium compounds resistance genes.

Pathogens can acquire resistance to antimicrobials used in veterinary and medical fields. Such pathogens can be found in several dietary and environmental sources. As Gram-negative infections in humans are most frequently caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), antibiotic resistance in this organism is particularly concerning. This investigation was carried out to ascertain the antibiotic sensitivity profile of E. coli isolated from various food products randomly gathered from Egypt. To extract E. coli and examine its pattern of antibiotic susceptibility, 100 samples of raw milk, karish cheese, ground beef, and beef were bacteriologically processed. In the current study, E. coli strains were detected at a high frequency of 40% in raw milk, 28% in Karish cheese, 16% in ground beef, and 8% in beef. E. coli was isolated from 23% of milk, meat, and product samples. The 16S rRNA gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm E. coli strains. The isolates of E. coli with the greatest percentages of multidrug-resistant (MDR) were tetracycline (26%), ampicillin (21.7%), streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (17.3%), cefotaxime, kanamycin and ceftazidime (13 %). The total occurrence of MDR E. coli was 34.7%. Pathogen cycling in food is common and may endanger the consumer's health. To avoid this entirely, good hygiene practices for dairy farms and abattoirs are essential for preventing contamination of milk, meat, and product samples.

The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of transmission of some food poisoning bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Proteus spp.) from the surfaces of equipment and utensils used in small dairy shops for production of dairy products to the final dairy products through microbiological examination of 90 swabs which were collected from the surfaces of equipment and utensils in small dairy shops from different localities at Port-said governorate, Egypt, in addition to 45 of each commercial small scale yoghurt and rice with milk pudding samples collected from the same small dairy shops. The results showed that the mean values for Staphylococcus aureus counts were 4.7×10⁵±1.0×10⁵ cfu/g, 3.9×10⁵±8.8×10⁴ cfu/g and 9.4×10⁵±2.3×10⁵ cfu/g in swabs, yoghurt and rice with milk pudding samples, respectively, and The mean values for Streptococcus spp. were 2.2×10⁶±2.6×10⁵ cfu/g,1.4×10⁶±3.1×10⁵cfu/g and 3.2×10⁶±5.6×10⁵ cfu/g in swabs, yoghurt and rice with milk pudding samples, respectively, While the mean values of Escherichia coli were 1.7×10²±2.6×10¹ cfu/g and 1.2×10²±3×10¹ cfu/g in swabs and yoghurt samples, respectively, with absence in examined rice with milk pudding samples. Proteus spp. couldn’t be detected in any examined samples. It could be concluded that the microorganisms which isolated from yoghurt and rice with milk pudding samples have already found on equipment and utensils used in its manufacture, this may confirm cross-contamination from equipment and utensils surfaces to yoghurt and rice with milk pudding as a final dairy product of small dairy shops.

This study aimed to investigate pathogenic microbial causes of mortalities in twenty rabbit flocks located in 4 governorates in Northwest of Delta Egypt during a period from 2019 to 2022.The mortality rate was varied from 10 to 90 % in either sex of different breeds and ages (15 day-18 month). Ten flocks (50%) were positive for Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) by HA and RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP60 gene indicated one sample (MW455128) was classic RHDV and eight strains (MW455120 - MW455127) were variant RHDV2.Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was the predominant isolated bacteria (60%), belonging to various serotypes (poly 1, O26 K60, poly 2, O55 K59, poly 2, O126 K71, poly 1, O111, and poly 3, O114), followed by K. pneumoniae (35%), which was determined to be virulent by PCR detection of the uge gene (80%) and rmpA (40%), while the kfu gene was absent. Staph. aureus and Pasteurella multocida represented (30%) for each, while pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) and Salmonella was negative. Pathologically, apoptosis was the most prominent lesion observed in liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, lung and heart, also there were severe enteritis, abscess in lung, liver and kidney and suppurative bronchopneumonia. By immunohistochemistry the RHDV antigen was detected in hepatic, splenic, renal, pulmonary, and cardiac tissues. The findings of this investigation highpoints on the significance of RHDVs (classic G3-G5 and variant RHDV2 which become more predominant), EPEC, K. pneumonia, S. aureus, P. multocida and p. aeruginosa  as rabbit pathogens causing mortalities in studied Egyptian provinces. So that, these results are important in any effort to control rabbit pathogens in Egypt.

We aimed to systematize and assess scientific information on tetracycline (TET) resistance genes in animals, products, and by-products in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Sixty articles published between 2003 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. The geographical areas of study were Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Costa Rica, and, to a lesser extent, Colombia, Bolivia, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Uruguay. The studies were related to livestock, wild animals, and pets. The most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The tet genes found in higher frequency in the samples or isolates evaluated were tetA, tetB, tetM, tetL, tetK, tetC, tetO, tetD, tetG, tetW, tetS, tetQ, tetE, tetH, tetJ, tetZ, and tetY. Studies evaluating the presence of tet genes in animals in LAC are limited despite TET being antibiotics widely used in animals. It is necessary to establish cross border public policies that allow the constant training of medical and related personnel regarding the responsible use of antibiotics in animals and the effective monitoring of the phenomenon in the region.