A study was conducted on 240 scavenging chickens randomly obtained from various districts from the state of Penang, Peninsular Malaysia. The chickens were closely examined for visible ectoparasites in the laboratory. The ectoparasites were collected using a blunt forceps and stored in universal bottles containing 70% ethanol. Ten species of ectoparasites were noted which consisted of five species of lice, two species of mites, two species of ticks and one species of chigger. The lice identifi ed were Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus pallidulus, Lipeurus caponis, Goniocotes gallinae and Goniodes dissimilis. These lice occurred in the fl uff of the feathers of the body especially the neck, back, abdomen and wings. The mites were Megninia sp. and Pterolichus sp. Examinations of the ears and combs revealed Haemaphysalis sp., the hard tick. Meanwhile, Ornithonyssus sp., the soft tick was found on feathers, whereas chigger, Leptotrombidium sp. was found attached to the skins. The study also revealed that M. gallinae was the most common ectoparasite with 76.7% occurrence, followed by Pterolichus sp. (69.6%), L. caponis (63.3%), M. pallidulus (41.7%), Leptotrombidium sp. (17.5%), G. gallinae (9.5%), Haemaphysalis sp. (6.7%), Megninia sp. (3.8%) and Ornithonyssus sp. (3.8%). The least common ectoparasite was G. dissimilis occurring in 2.1% of the chickens.

The first pilot study of Nonsurgical castration of male long tailedmacaque was carried out in the middle of 2010 in Taman Tasik Perdana (National Lake Garden) in Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur. Intraepididymal injections method such as chemical castration wasused as one of the fertility control in adult male long tailed macaques. This method does not require removal of the testis, easy to do and inexpensive and mixture of Ethanol-Formalin was used inthis technique. Outcome from the male macaque castration programme shows this sterilization technique using a mixture of ethanol and formalin to be very effective in controlling new birth. Castrated male macaque doesn’t have any changes in behaviour or physical attributes. These results prove that the breeding of macaques can be reduced.