The proliferation of mesangial cells has been associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. The cell proliferation has been regulated by diverse growth factors. Among them, insulin like growth factors(IGFs) are also involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. However, it is not yet known about the effect of high glucose on IGF-I and IGF-Ⅱ secretion and the relationship between high glucose-induced secretion of IGFs and PKC or oxidative stress in the mesangial cells.

Bovine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in condensate culture, spontaneous and independent for any external biostimulants, undergo chondrogenic differentiation. In the present study, the bovine MSC chondrogenesis pathway was studied by analyzing stage-specific gene expression using quantitative 'Real Time' reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that bovine MSCs underwent complete chondrogenesis; the initial stage was characterized by expression of sox 9 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), followed by high transcription of chondrocyte specific genes, collagen type II and IX, biglycan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and the final prehypertrophic and/or hypertrophic stage was distinguished by increased expression of collagen type X. From day 7 to day 14 of differentiation increased mRNA expression of the transforming growth factors beta1 and beta2, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF 2), bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP 6), insulin-like growth factors 1, parathyroid hormone related peptide and indian hedgehog (Ihh) were detected. These results suggest that these well know chondrogenic growth factors may play a role in bovine chondrogenesis in autocrine and/or paracrine manner. On day 21 of the culture, FGF 2, BMP 6 and Ihh were highly expressed, compared to cells cultured in monolayer manner, which suggests a possible function in maintaining the terminal stage of differentiation. This data extends our knowledge about the unusual species-specific bovine MSC chondrogenesis, allowing us to define the phenotype of the differentiated cells. Furthermore, this study contributes to our in understanding of known chondrogenic-growth factors in autocrine and/or paracrine manner playing a role in the spontaneous differentiation.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the morphology and growth dynamics of vomeronasal cartilage of swine at postnatal period. The vomeronasal cartilage covers the vomeronasal body outside. Lateral and medial bases of vomeronasal cartilage formed an antrum in which there was an organon vomeronasal. The most intensive growth of a cartilage of pigs occurred in the first two months of animal life. Arrangement of cartilage was dissymmetric - at the right it was sited more caudad than at the left; this fact caused the differences in its dimensions at the transverse sections.

Studying of efficiency of application of a natural biological control agent BioLAD obtained as a result of cultivation of Fusarium sambucinum fungus in feeding of broiler chickens was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. There were studied 100 broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross. Broiler chickens of the first (control) group were fed with standard diet with PK-5-1. Broiler chickens of the experimental groups starting from one day old age till the end of the growing period (41 days old) were fed with feed supplement BioLAD in different doses: 0,25 ml/head (second group), 0,5 ml/head (third group), 1 ml/head (fourth group). Research results showed that natural biological control agent BioLAD in dose of 0,5 ml/head made it possible to increase chicken live weight on 11,2 %, viability - on 4,2%. Feeding charges per 1 kg of live weight gain were1,89 kg (second group), 1,81 kg (third group), 1,90 kg (fourth group). It made it possible to decrease the combined feed charges on 6,4% (second group), on 10,4% (third group), and on 5,9% (fourth group). Application of biological control agent BioLAD had an effect on poultry growth activity, promoted high level of chickens viability, increased the indices of general and local protection, stimulated metabolic processes

In article influence of the complex vitamin-mineral additive on natural resistance, energy of growth of newborn calves, and also definition of its optimum dose is considered. Results of dynamic changes of alive mass, hematological and biochemical indicators are resulted. As a result of the spent researches use of the complex vitamin-mineral additive in a dose 10 g on a head is offered

The growth and development of replacement gilts of different precocity and age depending on the terms of transition from herd-producer to the market area of a complex was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Animal transfer into new housing conditions affected the early maturing and super early maturing breed pigs of experimental groups. It was determined that moving of replacement pigs into the market area of the complex at the age of 115 days made it possible to obtain higher indices of swine productivity. Fertilization rate of sows of the first experimental group after the first insemination made up 77,6%, that was higher on 6,2% and 9,5% in comparison with the control and the second experimental groups, respectively. The advantage of the first and second experimental groups over the control one was stated in a higher multiple fetation on 0,4 heads and heightened heavy litter indices on 0,1 kg; the quantity of weanling was higher on 0,6 and 0,5 heads, on litter weight at weaning was higher on 7,1 and 3,8 kg, respectively

Research of a pancreas of geese in course of different age-specific periods was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Ecological features of water fowl inhabitance, prevalence of phytogenous forages in a diet of led in first two life decades to rapid growth of body weight and pancreas which was capable to adapt an organism to new conditions of existence. The subsequent growth and differentiating processes in a pancreas of geese showed direct correlative dependence on the basic physiological states of their organism (plumage, a moult, puberty, egg production efficiency). By the beginning of egg production (6 months) the basic structural components of secretory parts of gland of geese reached a rather developed condition, but their full morphological and functional maturity occurred by 2-year-old age, possibly, because of a long reproductive period of life. | Проведено исследование поджелудочной железы у гусей в разные возрастные периоды. Экологические особенности среды обитания водоплавающих птиц, преобладание в рационе кормов растительного происхождения приводят в первые две декады жизни к бурному росту массы тела животных и поджелудочной железы, способной адаптировать организм к новым условиям существования. Последующие ростовые и дифференцировочные процессы в поджелудочной железе гусей проявляют прямую коррелятивную зависимость от основных физиологических состояний их организма (оперение, линька, половое созревание, яйценосная продуктивность). К началу яйценоскости (6 месяцев) основные структурные компоненты секреторных отделов железы гусей достигают достаточно развитого состояния, но их полная морфофункциональная зрелость наступает к 2-летнему возрасту животных, вероятно, из-за продолжительного репродуктивного периода жизни.