In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the interrelation between content of major nutrient elements (calcium and phosphorous) and trace elements (iron, copper, cobalt, and manganese) in forages and blood of first-calf cows at the first and last stages of lactation. Also, there were developed formulas of mixed forages and a premix for these animals. The studies were realized at the Agricultural Production Co-operative Olgovskoe of Vitebsk region (Belarus). Research of analysis of forages and state of mineral metabolismat heifers made it possible to draw following conclusions: in cow rations there was marked the deficiency of vitamin D, as well as some trace elements (cobalt and manganese) in the conditions of calcium and phosphorus excess. In spite of a high content in a calcium in diets, it was noted than in blood plasma the concentration of this element was below the standard for the majority of animals. Lack of cobalt and manganese of whole blood of cows was connected with a low level of these elements in cow diets. The surplus contents of copper in forages and blood of animals against the background low activity of ceruloplasmin the weakened antioxidant defense of heifer cows. For preventive treatment of possible hypo trace element deficiencies and metabolic disorders of heifer cows at the final stage of lactation there can be recommended the correcting of cow diets with inclusion into their composition of the developed for compound of mixed fodder and premix.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the productivity and foraging advantages of fodder galega (Galega officinalis) in comparison with the traditional perennial leguminous grasses (alfalfa (Medicago sativa); alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum); cookshead (Onobrychis viceaefolia)) and influence of the analyzed crop of state and internal microbiota of agricultural animals. There was studied the qualitative structure of galega in accordance with the phases of crop development and its influence on physiological functions of animals. It is established, that in the conditions of northern region of Belarus the fodder galega provided the yielding capacity of dry matter of 11,3 t/ha that exceeded the indices of alfalfa on 13,9%, alsike clover - in 2,7 times and cookshead - in 2,1 times. By the third decade of May it formed 18-20 tons green mass that made it possible to feed animals on 10-15 days earlier, than with other leguminous grasses. High degree of leafage (65,7%) preconditioned its high nutritional value. Fodder galega has high level of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and some microelements: copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt. Studying of vitamin value of fodder galega showed that its green mass was vitamin-rich, had enough of irreplaceable amino acids. It was established, that hay of fodder galega had high level of the non-decomposed protein (68,6-71%) that was very important for feeding of highly productive cows. It increased the level of crude protein in experimental animals on 8%.

Research of a pancreas of geese in course of different age-specific periods was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Ecological features of water fowl inhabitance, prevalence of phytogenous forages in a diet of led in first two life decades to rapid growth of body weight and pancreas which was capable to adapt an organism to new conditions of existence. The subsequent growth and differentiating processes in a pancreas of geese showed direct correlative dependence on the basic physiological states of their organism (plumage, a moult, puberty, egg production efficiency). By the beginning of egg production (6 months) the basic structural components of secretory parts of gland of geese reached a rather developed condition, but their full morphological and functional maturity occurred by 2-year-old age, possibly, because of a long reproductive period of life. | Проведено исследование поджелудочной железы у гусей в разные возрастные периоды. Экологические особенности среды обитания водоплавающих птиц, преобладание в рационе кормов растительного происхождения приводят в первые две декады жизни к бурному росту массы тела животных и поджелудочной железы, способной адаптировать организм к новым условиям существования. Последующие ростовые и дифференцировочные процессы в поджелудочной железе гусей проявляют прямую коррелятивную зависимость от основных физиологических состояний их организма (оперение, линька, половое созревание, яйценосная продуктивность). К началу яйценоскости (6 месяцев) основные структурные компоненты секреторных отделов железы гусей достигают достаточно развитого состояния, но их полная морфофункциональная зрелость наступает к 2-летнему возрасту животных, вероятно, из-за продолжительного репродуктивного периода жизни.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the yielding capacity and quality composition of nontraditional high-energy crops (sorghum and Sudan grass hybrid; millet (Panicum); white panicum (Japanese millet)) as well as there was developed a technology fodder conservation. In course of the study there was analyzed accumulation of nutrients in accordance with crop development phases and their quality composition; also there was determined a method of application of grass stands of the studied crops for their production use. It is established, that the most suitable for conditions of Vitebsk region from high-quality cultures is sorgho-sudan-grass hybrid which reaches phases of seed formation and provides productivity of dry matter more than 9 t/ha with humidity of green mass of 69% that is optimum for preparation of tinned forage. Sugar sorgho and grain is reached by phases of ear formation and have provided productivity of green mass of 25,9-25,7 t/ha, dry matter - 3,5 t/ha. To use double-cut sorgho-sudan-grass hybrid on a silo less effectively as the received green mass has high humidity (92%), and the general gathering of dry matter twice more low, than at single-cut use. At single-cut use the culture reaches phases of grain formation in which contains about 31% of dry matter that is favorable for conservation. Double-cut use of sorgho-sudan-grass hybrid is comprehensible at its cultivation in the green conveyor to use as green top dressing during the pasturable period. Japanese millet is better to use double-cut as it has provided the maximum productivity of green mass of high quality (63,9 t/ha) and dry matter (9,1 t/ha), it is in 2,3 and 1,6% of time above, than at single-cut use. Single-cut crops of sorgho-sudan-grass hybrid are expedient for using as a component at siloing of galega orientalis. In an early phase of development (7-8 leaves) the new-mown green mass of sorgho-sudan-grass hybrid possesses toxicity on the bottom border of average degree, but in 2 hours after mowing the forage becomes not toxic. In later phase of development there is an accumulation of sugars, and new-mown mass of sorgho is nontoxical. Sorghum cultures contain high percent of non-decomposed protein - 58,3-84,6% that is very important in feeding of highly productive cows.