The proteins of the bovine erythrocyte membrane were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and their relations to the slow sedimentation rate of bovine erythrocytes were investigated by treating the erythrocytes with trypsin. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates of bovine erythrocytes from Holstein and Korean native cattle were very slow compared with the human one (1/7 as slow as the human one) as reported previously. However, when human and Holstein erythrocytes were treated with trypsin (0.2 and 0.5 mg/ml) for 1 hour at 37deg C, their sedimentation rates were markedly accelerated while the sedimentation rate of Korean native cattle's erythrocytes were not affected. Although the general protein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, bovine erythrocyte membranes showed one additional protein band called band Q in this study, which migrated electrophoretically to the mid-position between band 2 and band 3 in human erythrocyte membranes. Treatment of Holstein and human erythrocytes with trypsin caused a decrease or disappearance of the band Q from the erythrocyte membrane. Although the band Q in Korean native cattle's erythrocyte membrane was decreased by trypsin treatment of the erythrocytes, the magnitude of the decrement was not so pronounced as in the case of human and Holstein erythrocytes. The glycoprotein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes revealed by periodic acid-Schiff stain showed a marked difference from that of human. The PAS-1 (glycophorin) and PAS-2 (sialoglycoprotein) present in human erythrocyte membrane were almost absent from the bovine erythrocyte membranes. Instead, the bovine erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-positive band near the origin of the electrophorograms, which is named as PAS-B in this study

This study was carried out to determine suitable selection factors for recipients and embryos which could improve pregnancy rates following bovine embryo transfer. The experiment included 52 surgical transfers from February, 1985 through June, 1986 performed on Kyongbuk Breeding Center in southern Korea. The pregnancy rate was highest when recipients were in estrus within 6 hours before the donor to 12 hours after the donor (78.3 % versus 50 % for recipients in estrus earlier or later). Pregnancy rates were acceptable following culture under field conditions for up to 17 hours. More recipients over 15 months of age (76.1 %) remained pregnant than those under 15 months (66.7 %). Embryos transferred during the months from February to July resulted in higher pregnancy rates than those transferred during the remaining 6 months (77.3 % versus 57.1 %). Transferrable embryos were classified A (best) to C (worst); those graded A or B resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rates than those graded C (81.8 % and 73.3 % versus 25.0 %, p0.05). Pregnancy rates among recipients of the Korean native breed tended to be higher than among Holstein recipients (100 % versus 71.1 %). Similarly, when the embryo was transferred to the right uterine horn, pregnancy rates tended to be higher than when it was transferred to the left (81.3 % versus 65 %). Pregnancy rates did not differ according to the stage of development of the embryo; they were for morulae, tight morulae, blastocysts, and advanced blastocysts, respectively : 75.0 %, 66.7 %, 75.0 %, and 77.4 %

Morphological features of the vomeronasal organ of both Korean native cattle and Korean native goat were studied by gross, microscopic and histochemical examinations. Anatomical characteristics of the vomeronasal organ were similar in both Korean native cattle and Korean native goats. The vomeronasal organ is a tubular structure situated bilaterally at the base of the nasal septum, and enclosed by hyaline cartilage. Its lumen is semilunar to crescent in transverse sections. It joins with the incisive duct through narrow duct. The lumen of the vomeronasal organ is lined with sensory and respiratory epithelia. The distribution pattern of vomeronasal mucosal epithelia varied by the position. In the anterior portion joining with nasal cavity, the lumen is lined with only respiratory epithelium. In the middle portion, sensory epithelium appeared on the medial side, and respiratory epithelium on the lateral side. In the posterior, it is lined with sensory epithelium on the ventral side and lined with respiratory epithelium on the dorsal side. The vomeronasal gland composed of mucous and serous acini are distributed in the lamina propria under the respiratory epithelium, where venous sinuses are also well developed

To investigate the epidemiological trait of intestinal diseases of animals caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp., isolation of etiological agent was carried out. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were biotyped, serotyped and the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobial agents were examined. Isolation rates of Campylobacter spp. from 649 fecal materials of 208 cattle, 300 pigs and 141 chickens were 25.5 %, 23.7 % and 38.3 %, respectively. The majority of the 130 isolates of C jejuni was classified as biotype I (50.6 %) and biotype II (34.6 %). Most of the 46 isolates of C coli were biotype I (71.7 %). Isolated C jejuni strains showed 14 different serotype, and serotype 4, 26, 36 were most frequent. Isolated C coli strains showed 5 different serotype and serotype 31 and 21 were relatively common. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, amikacin, gentamycin, colistin and chlorampehnicol

To develop more specific and sensitive diagnostic methods for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, 7-C-2 monoclonal antibody specific to polypeptides of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) was applied in indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA), indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) and radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (RIDEA). It was found that IBRV infected in MDBK cells could be detected as early as 8 hours post infection by IFA, and that IFA was more rapid and specific to identify IBRV antigen than IPA. The diagnostic efficacy of RIDEA and SN test was studied with 88 bovine sera. It was evident that RIDEA could eliminate the false positive reaction encountered in serum neutralization (SN)test, being more rapid and sensitive than the latter. Highly significant correlation coefficiency (r= 0.76, p0.01) was evaluated between the titers of sera and the diameters of RIDEA. Tracheal membranes and sera collected from 96 slaughtered cattle with lesions in respiratory organs were examined to detect IBRV antigen and antibody by IFA, RIDEA and SN test. It was presented that positive rates were 32.3 % in IFA, 20.8 % in RIDEA and 21.9 % in SN test, and that coincidence rate between RIDEA and SN test were 100 % in positive sera and 98.7 % in negative sera. In conclusion, it was assumed that application of monoclonal antibody could improve the diagnostic efficacy of IBR by enhancing sensitivity and specificity of IPA, IFA and RIDEA

In order to enumerate the T-lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by E rosette assay, KGRBC were treated with various concentrations of 2aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide (AET) and dextran (Dex), singly or in combination. To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET-and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell (RFC) counts were determined. The levels of B-lymphocytes in the PBL were evaluated by erythrocyte-antibody (EAfc)- and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC)- rosetting techniques. The PBL from 20 clinically normal Korean cattle were formed as low percentage of spontaneous E-rosette (6.7 +- 2.4 %) in control group, whereas in KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 minutes and 8 % Dex were formed as 37.3 +- 2.7 % and 45.1 +- 2.1 %, respectively. And the synergistic effects were noted no less than 66.5 +- 5.6 % when the KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET and 8 % Dex subsequently and rate of RFR did not change significantly between 3-24 hours incubation time at 4deg C, EA-and EAC-RFR were 23.3 +- 9.1 % and 23.1 +- 7.9 %, respectively. These results suggest that the KGRBC would be a useful agent for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes by E rosette assay and B-lymphocytes by EA-or EAC-rosette assay in cattle-PBL

This experiment was carried out to determine the progesterone concentration of bovine plasma by liquid phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay. The optimum conditions of assay-system, enzyme conjugate and gelatin were investigated. The sensitivity, recovery rate and reproducibility by this assay were also analyzed. The suitable supplementation level of gelatin was 0.2 %. As the gelatin level increased to 1 %, coefficient variation of interassay was shown to be irregular. The optimum dilution rate of enzyme conjugate was 30 times. Enzyme activity was greatly fluctuated depending on the minor condition of enzyme conjugate technique. Therefore, it was considered to be checked when determined. The sensitivity of the assay was 12 pg/tube. Recovery rate was decreased when the amount of sample was too little or too much, but the recovery rate was high as 97.8 % when the amount of sample was between 50 and 200 micro l. Mean intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation was 4.5 % and 5.9 %, respectively. By using liquid phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay, progesterone in plasma can be detected, and also this assay system is applicable to study the physiological function of progesterone and diagnosis of reproductive disorders

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma and various tissues (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver, lung, kidney and spleen) of Korean native cattle in a Choju abattoir, the Breeding Stock Farm and Animal Farm of Chonbuk University was determined by using ultra violet method. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution of plasma and various tissues in Korean native cattle was studies. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity of Korean native cattle was 554.80 +- 92.70 IU/L and the lactate dehydrogenase activity of male plasma was 543.96 +- 97.89 IU/L, which was lower than that of female plasma, 579.19 +- 78.09 IU/L. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity of calf was 557.31 +- 110.27 IU/L and was not significantly different from that of adult Korean native cattle. But the range of calf lactate dehydrogenase activity was larger than that of adult Korean native cattle. In tissues, the lactate dehydrogenase activity was decreased in order of lung, kidney, spleen, liver, heart and skeletal muscle. The lung had the greatest activity and the skeletal muscle had the least. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in plasma and tissues were found to have a characteristic distribution and quantitative isoenzyme patterns. In plasma, the LDH1 usually had the greatest activity and other isoenzymes showed a decreasing tendency in order of LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5. The distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes had a wide variation in tissues. But the distribution of LDH isoenzymes in plasma was similar to that in kindey, and also cardiac muscle and spleen had similar pattern in LDH isoenzymes distribution

The distribution of portal veins within the liver in 30 Korean native cattle were observed. Vinylite solution was injected into portal veins of eighteen specimens for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in twelve specimens by injecting 30 % barium sulfate solution into portal veins, and then radiographed on an X-ray apparatus (Shimadzu 800 MA 120 Kvp). The Vena portae was divided immediately upon entering the liver into a very short Truncus dexter venae portae (14.75 +- 4.86 : 6.9-23.1mm) and a long Truncus sinister venae portae (94.16 +- 9.62 : 110-150 mm). The Truncus sinister venae portae runs of first in the long axis of the liver from the porta hepatis toward the left lobe. At the boundary between the quardate and left lobes it bends sharply 50 to 80 degrees toward the Incisura ligamentum teretis, and after a course of 36.5 to 54.3 mm between the quadrate and left lobes, ends abruptly. The Truncus sinister venae portae is divided for description into the Pars transversa, from the Porta hepatis to the flexure, and the Pars umbilicalis, from the flexure to the end. The branches of Venae portae were Ramus ventralis lobi sinistri, Ramus intermedius lobi sinistri, Ramus dorsalis lobi sinistri, Ramus lobi quadratti, Ramus ventralis lobi dextri, Ramus intermedius lobi dextri, Ramus dorsalis lobi dextri, Rami processus caudatorum and Rami processus papillarum. The Ramus intermedius lobi sinistri arose from the left surface of the Pars umbilicalis, and was origined on the common trunk with Ramus dorsalis lobi sinistric (3 cases, 10 %) or Ramus ventralis lobi sinistri (3 cases, 10 %). The Rami lobi quadratii consisted of the vein (15 cases, 50 %) or two veins (15 cases, 50%), and was observed on the arched-shaped at 2 cases (6.6 %) of the liver. The Rami processus caudatorum consisted of one vein (28 cases, 93.3 %) or two veins (2 cases, 6.6 %). The former were formed common trunk with R. dorsalis lobi dextri (7 cases, 23.3 %) or R. ventralis lobi dextri (2 cases, 6.6 %)

The proteins of the ruminant erythrocyte membranes were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and their relations to the slow erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of the ruminants were investigated by treating the erythrocytes with proteinases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and pronase, and glycosidases such as neuraminidase and galactosidase. Protein content in the erythrocyte membrane was 2.85 +- 0.28 in human, 3.60 +-0.41 in Korean cattle, 3.71 +- 0.36 in Holstein, 4.13 +-0.83 in Korean native goat and 3.94 +- 0.56 mg/ml in sheep, showing higher in ruminant animals than in human (p0.01). Although the general protein profiles of the ruminant erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, all the ruminant erythrocyte membranes showed one additional protein band, called band- Q in the previous report on proteins of bovine erythrocyte membrane, which migrated electrophoretically to the mid position between band-2 and band-3 in human erythrocyte membranes. The glycoprotein profiles of ruminant erythrocyte membranes revealed by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain showed a marked difference from that of human. The PAS-l (glycophorin) and PAS-2 (sialoglycoprotein) present in human erythrocyte membranes were almost absent from the ruminant animals. Instead, a strong PAS-positive band near the origin of the electrophorograms, which was named as PAS-B in the previous report on proteins of bovine erythrocyte membranes, was shown in the ruminant animals except sheep. In addition, the erythrocyte membranes of Korean native goat and sheep showed a moderate PAS-negative band near the tracking dye of the electrophorograms, which was named as PAS-G in this study. In the erythrocyte treated with the enzymes, the migration of each protein fracture of erythrocyte membranes in response to each enzyme was diverse according to different species or breed of ruminant animals. Among others, band-Q present in ruminants was slightly or moderately decreased by trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, and pronase- treatments of the erythrocytes, but not only in sheep