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Brucellosis and chlamydiosis seroprevalence in goats at livestock-wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe
2019
Bhandi, Solomon(University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies,Research Platform Production and Conservation in Partnership) | Pfukenyi, Davies M.(University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies,Research Platform Production and Conservation in Partnership) | Matope, Gift(Research Platform Production and Conservation in Partnership ,University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies) | Murondoti, Absolom(University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies) | Tivapasi, Musavengana(University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies,Research Platform Production and Conservation in Partnership) | Ndengu, Masimba(University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies,Research Platform Production and Conservation in Partnership) | Scacchia, Massimo(The Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise) | Bonfini, Barbara(The Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise) | de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel(Research Platform Production and Conservation in Partnership ,Kasetsart University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine)
In Zimbabwe, there have been no chlamydiosis and limited brucellosis studies in goats. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of the two diseases in goats at three different livestock-wildlife interface areas: porous, non-porous and non-interface in the south-eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe. Collected sera (n = 563) were tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the complement fixation test (CFT); and for Chlamydia abortus antibodies using the CFT. All tested goats were negative for Brucella antibodies. Overall, chlamydial seroprevalence was 22%. The porous [c² = 9.6, odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, p = 0.002] and non-porous (c² = 37.5, OR = 5.8, p < 0.00001) interfaces were approximately three and six times more likely to be chlamydial seropositive than the non-interface area, respectively. Chlamydial seroprevalence was not associated with sex (c² = 0.5, OR = 1.2, p = 0.5), abortion history in female goats (c² = 0.7, OR = 1.3, p = 0.4), keeping goats with cattle (c² = 0.2, OR = 1.5, p = 0.7) or flock size (c² = 0.03, OR = 1.4, p = 0.9). Our study provides the first serological evidence of chlamydiosis in goats in Zimbabwe and the results suggest that proximity to wildlife is associated with increased chlamydial seropositivity. Further studies are required to determine the role of chlamydial infection on goat reproductive failure and that of wildlife on C. abortus transmission to domestic ruminants.
Show more [+] Less [-]Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in young livestock and dogs in Magude District of Maputo Province, Mozambique
2019
Miambo, Regina D.(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics,University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science School of Life Science) | Laitela, Benigna(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics) | Malatji, Mokgadi P.(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science School of Life Science) | Afonso, Sonia M. de Santana(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics) | Junior, Alberto P.(Eduardo Mondlane University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Para-Clinics) | Lindh, Johan(Uppsala University Department of Cell and Molecular Biology) | Mukaratirwa, Samson(University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science School of Life Science)
BACKGROUND: Giardia and Cryptosporidium species are significant zoonotic parasites of humans and domesticated animals. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in livestock and dogs of the Magude District. METHOD: The flotation technique (Willis), modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) and direct and indirect immunofluorescence (DIF and IIF) techniques were applied to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in faecal samples of dog pups (156), goat kids (60) and calves (480) from the Magude District of Mozambique from February to September 2015. RESULTS: Using Willis, IIF and DIF, the prevalence of Giardia in calves was 0%, 8.1%, and 6.0%; in dogs 0.6%, 8.3% and 5.7% and for goats 0% and 13.3% (IIF was not performed), respectively. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves using Willis, mZN, IIF and DIF was 0%, 3.8%, 4.7% and 0.4% and in dogs 0%, 0.6%, 6.4% and 0.6%, respectively. The parasite was not detected in goats. CONCLUSION: Results from the present study showed that IIF performed better diagnosis of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, and that the mZN can be used as an alternative for Cryptosporidium because of the high cost of IIF. There is a need for identification of genotypes or subtypes of these parasites through application of molecular techniques in order to determine their zoonotic potential, and we advocate a 'one health' approach in the control and prevention of these parasites.
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