The purpose of this study was to examine the development pattern of Mangalarga-Marchador foals by determination of muscle development and deposition of adipose tissue associated with the evaluation of blood-based biomarkers. Thus, 72 Mangalarga Marchador foals (ages ranged from 1-12 mo) were randomly selected and divided into 12 age groups (n=6 per group), evaluated monthly. The thickness of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and rump fat (RF) were determined through an ultrasound performed on each foal’s left side. Such parameters were used to calculate the percentage of body fat (BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Morphometric measurements were taken on the foal’s right side using a tape measure and a hypsometer. Blood samples were collected for determinations of total proteins, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and glucose. Morphometric measurements,  the thickness of the LD and RF, weight, BF, FM, and FFM showed differences between age groups (P<0.001). Muscle development and fat deposition in subcutaneous tissue were greater between six and 12 months and average weight gain and FFM were proportionally greater between one and six months. We concluded that morphometric measurements increase steadily and linearly during the first 12 months of life, indicating that it is feasible to use the linear regression formula. Moreover, significant differences between age and biochemical biomarkers may be attributed to nutritional and digestive physiology adaptations during these periods.

A total of 90 one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed on balanced ration for 15 days and then divided into 3 equal groups. Control group fed ration probiotic free, group 2 and 3 fed ration supplemented with probiotic at concentration levels 0.5 and 1.0g/kg ration respectively for 4 weeks.It was found that probiotic improve body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Relative organs weights were not altered in groups of birds fed ration mixed with probiotic. Serum values of biochemical parameter (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, A/G ratio, Ph) were not significantly changed in comparison to control group. Probiotic enhance the immune response of broiler chickens in a dose dependent relation as documented by increasing the serumNDHI antibody geometric mean titres to ND vaccine, phagocyte percentage and phagocytic index of peripheral blood monocyte of broiler chickens. We concluded that probiotic composed of 3 strains of bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococaoccus pentosaceus and Bacillus Amylolique- faciens) in addition to 2 strains of yeast( Pichia farinose and Dekera anomala ) enhance body weight gain, feed conversion, growth performance and Newcastle disease antibody titres in broiler chickens. Moreover, probiotic was safe as proved by serum biochemical profile and relative organ weight of male broiler chickens.

Objective: Selenium (Se), as the form of selenite, is commonly supplemented in poultry diet, which has low bioavailability and high toxicity. Here, we compared the effects of the supplemen¬tation of the diet with Se nanoparticles (nano-Se) on the growth, sexual behavior, and reproduc¬tive performance (gonad size, sperm quality traits, and plasma testosterone levels for males and egg production for females) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Materials and Methods: Quail chicks (n = 300) aging 14 days were divided into three groups: Group 1 (basal diet and Se at 0.2 mg/kg ration), Group 2 (basal diet and nano-Se at 0.2 mg/kg ration), and Group 3 (basal diet and nano-Se at 0.1 mg/kg ration). Several parameters relating to body weight and egg were measured. Sexual behaviors of the birds were observed by continuous visual scanning. The sperm viability, sperm morphology, and concentration of spermatozoa were determined after staining and microscopic examination. The plasma testosterone levels were determined by indirect enzyme immunoassay assay. The Se concentrations in the testicular, ovar¬ian, and ration samples were measured by flame emission atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The type or concentration of nano-Se administration had no impact on body weight, feed efficiency, egg production, or egg weight. However, the total feed intake throughout the experi¬ment was reduced in Group 2 at 0.2 mg/kg. Nano-Se supplementation significantly increased the sexual behavior. In general, the deposition of Se in the testicular and ovarian tissues increased with increasing supplement concentration. At the same supplement concentration, the tissue deposition of nano-Se was more enhanced than that of inorganic Se. Nano-Se supplementation improved the testicular functions by enhancing plasma testosterone level and sperm quality traits (sperm count, motility, and viability). This improvement was found more prominent with the lower supplement concentration (when comparing 0.1 vs. 0.2 mg/kg diet). Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of nano-Se (at 0.1 mg/kg) in the ration of Japanese quail improves several reproductive performance parameters. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(4.000): 597-607]

Objective: The current study was undertaken to evaluate intensively reared indigenous slow-growing normally feathered (I-nana), commercial heterozygous naked neck (C-Nana), and commercial normally feathered (C-nana) chicken for their body weight and growth curve parameters. Material and methods: A total of 132 birds were used in this study. Specifically, chickens flock consisting of 21 I-nana (8 males and 13 females), 20 C-Nana (8 males and 12 females) and 91 C-nana chickens (32 males and 59 females) were marked individually and reared together in a single room under uniform feeding, care and management. Body weight of individual hen and rooster of each genotype was measured weekly up to 12 weeks of age and then at 30 weeks of age. Parameters of growth curve were determined using Gompertzs equation. Results: Commercial heterozygous naked neck and commercial normally feathered chickens exhibited significantly (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 188-195]

Objective: This study assessed the impact of fermented Averrhoa bilimbi fruit filtrate (FF) on growth, gut morphology, and meat traits of high-stocked broilers. Materials and Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial trial with stocking densities (9 or 18 birds/m2) and drinking 2% FF or plain water was conducted using 378 14-day-old broiler chicks. On day 35, samples were obtained and analyzed. Results: FF improved feed efficiency and income over the feed cost of high-stocked broilers by about 7.63% and 10%, respectively, compared to high-stocked broilers receiving only water. FF decreased duodenal crypt depth and meat water-holding capacity. Meats from high-stocked broil¬ers receiving FF showed lower cholesterol than other meats. Lower cholesterol/high-density lipo¬protein (HDL) and higher HDL/low-density lipoprotein were found in meats from broilers receiving FF. Total unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) was higher in meats of high-stocked broilers receiving FF than others. The UFA/saturated fatty acid was lower in meats of high-stocked broilers receiving plain water. High-stocked broilers given FF had higher meat n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). FF enhanced meat n-6 PUFA levels. The n-3/n-6 PUFA increased with high density and drinking FF. Conclusion: Drinking FF improved gut morphology and meat qualities of broilers housed in high-density pens. FF may be an excellent alternative to improve the growth and meat qualities of broilers raised in high-density houses. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(3.000): 536-545]

Objective: The objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of probiotic Chrysonilia crassa in comparison with zinc bacitracin, commercial probiotic Bacillus subtilis, and herbal medicine waste on growth, intestinal microbiology, and blood indices of broilers.Materials and methods: Three hundreds of Lohmann day-old chicks were allocated to control diet (basal diet; CONT), basal diet with antibiotic zinc bacitracin (AZB), basal diet with B. subtilis (PROB), basal diet with C. crassa (PROC), and basal diet with herbal medicine waste (HERBW). Sample collections were conducted on day 34 of the experiment. Results: PROB showed greater (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 332-342]

Objective: Efficacy of AV/CSP/29 premix (Ca, P supplement with Vit. A and D3 along with synergistic herbs) (M/S Ayurvet Ltd.) was evaluated in commercial broiler chicks. Materials and methods: A total of 144 day-old chicks were randomly divided into three groups. Group T0 (n=48) control group, supplemented with basal diet without any additional source of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Group T1 (n=48) was administered with AV/CSP/29 premix at 500 gm/ton of feed and Group T2 birds (n=48) were supplemented with Brand A at 500 gm/ton of feed for 0 to 42 days. Parameters viz., growth, performance, serum biochemical and carcass quality traits were evaluated. Results: More gain in body weight was observed in the AV/CSP/29 premix supplemented group (T1) birds as compared to other groups. Similarly, FCR was improved in the AV/CSP/29 premix supplemented group (T1) birds. Blood Ca and P concentrations were comparatively improved in AV/CSP/29 premix supplemented birds. Parameters viz., carcass yield, dressing percentage, tibial mineralization, water holding capacity and extract release volume were also found to be better in AV/CSP/29 premix supplemented group (T1) birds. Conclusion: The results from the current study suggest that feeding of AV/CSP/29 premix to broiler chickens may have a beneficial effect on bone quality and in improving overall performance. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016; 3(3.000): 268-273]

This research evaluated the viability of completely and partially replacing the protein of fishmeal (FM) with the protein of poultry by-product meal (PBM) for juvenile Nile tilapia fish. One hundred and eighty unsexed Nile tilapia fish have been randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with three replicates including 15 Nile tilapia fish in each replicate stocked in 12 glass aquaria for nine weeks. PBM incorporation levels in the diet at 50% (G2), 75% (G3), and 100% (G4) protein content of fish meal substituted for the fish meal-based control diet have been compared (100% fish meal, G1). The final body weight (FBW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) varied considerably across all treatment groups (p> 0.05). FBW, BWG, SGR, and PER were improved for fish fed PBM and were superior in the high level of PBM (G4). However, the morphometric indexes do not significantly differ (p > 0.05). Fat & ash % of body composition was higher in all groups containing PBM in particular (G4) as compared with the control one. In conclusion, it can be said that a full replacement PBM protein for FM protein is tolerable in Nile tilapia fish. Several changes in biochemical parameters and antioxidant status markers were observed. The histological exam of the liver in all groups that contained PBM revealed no abnormalities. However, replacing 75% of the protein of FM with PBM's protein is the optimal degree in term of maintaining meat quality and some of the blood parameters.

          The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleoforce® supplementation on the antioxidative status and the molecular expression of IGF-1, IL-1ß and IL-6 genes in broiler chickens. 240, one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four equal groups, each of which contained 60 birds and was divided into three replicates with 20 birds for each replicate. Birds in the first group fed basal diet and considered as a control group (C), whereas birds of the second (200N), third (350N), and fourth (500N) groups fed diet supplemented with 200, 350 and 500 g/ton nucleoforce®, respectively from zero day till the end of the experiment. At days 21 and 49 of age, two birds from each replicate were randomly chosen, slaughtered, and dissected to collect blood and tissue samples. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in serum were calculated as an indicator for the antioxidant status. Gene expression of insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) in liver, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in spleen was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The obtained results revealed that the highest nucleoforce® concentration (500g/ton) resulted in time dependent significant increases in both SOD and GPx. This study also indicated that nucleotides supplementation resulted in significant up regulations of growth and immune related gene expression with the best results were obtained with the highest nucleotides concentration. In conclusion, dietary nucleoforce® inclusion can improve the performance of broiler chickens and enhance their antioxidative and immune status.

Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM) has the potential as a protein source that might replace soybean meal. In Indonesia, soybean meal is an imported commodity whose price is expensive. This study aimed to analyze the use of MOLM to substitute soybean meal in complete ration on the consumption of nutrients, digested nutrients, digestibility nutrients, N balance, hematology, and ADG of Javanese Thin-Tailed Ewes (JTTE). Fifteen JTTE 2-3 years old were divided into three different levels of MOLM treatment with 5 replications. The complete ration consists of 60% concentrate and 40% Dried Ipomea Aquatica Straw (DIAS) as a source of fiber. The concentrates used are soybean meal, corn meal, pollard, copra meal, and MOLM. The composition of the treatment rations: (T1) 0% MOLM + 60% concentrate + 40% DIAS, (T2) 10% MOLM + 50% concentrate + 40% DIAS. (T3) 20% MOLM + 40% concentrate + 40% DIAS. Treatment feed was given for 2 months as much as 4% of body weight/day, and drinking water was given ad libitum. The collected data included feed consumption, feed refusal, blood, faeces, urine, and body weight. The results showed that sheep received 10% MOLM levels of increase (P<0.05) DM, OM, CF, ETN, and TDN consumption compared to controls. However, the levels of 20% decrease (P<0.05) DM, OM, CF, ETN, and TDN consumption compared to controls. Compared to controls, the 10% MOLM increase (P<0.05) digested nutrients DM, OM, ETN, and TDN. Compared to controls, the level of 10% MOLM increase (P<0.05) ETN, and TDN digestibility coeffisient. Sheep that received a 10% MOLM increase (P>0.05) balance N and nitrogen retention compared to control. The 10% MOLM level increase (P<0.05) ADG compared to the 20% level and control (120 vs. 106 vs. 112 g/head/day). Sheep treated with 10% MOLM increased (P<0.05) white blood cells (WBC) than controls and those treated with 20% MOLM (10.5 vs. 6.40 vs. 7.20). It could be concluded that the level of 10% MOLM (20% soybean meal substitution) in a complete ration based on Dried Ipomea Aquatica Straw (DIAS) has a better effect on nutrient consumption, digested nutrients, retention N, hematology and ADG of JTTE.